F. Brigante, C. Versteylen, F. H. E. de Haan – de Wilde
This paper presents the probabilistic study for Leak Before Break (LBB) assessments. The research has been carried out with an in-house developed software that allows to perform both probabilistic and deterministic leak before break analyses for pressurized pipes. The study is based on the UK procedure for the assessment of the integrity of structures containing defects (R6). The procedure applied is the Detectable Leak Before Break (DLBB) that relies on the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) Option 1 assessment procedure. The calculations merge the plastic collapse assessment and the brittle failure mode of the pipe in the FAD. The first computed parameter for the LBB assessment is the Critical Crack Length (CCL) distribution density of the postulated through wall defect. The structural integrity assessment is then coupled with the Henry-Fauske two-phase critical flow model for the evaluation of the Leakage Rate (LR). With this coupling the Minimum Detectable Crack Length (MDCL) distribution density is calculated. This step sets the boundary conditions for the fracture mechanics assessment of the postulated defect. The main probabilistic outputs from the assessment are the probability of the structural failure and the probability that the defect does not leak a detectable amount of coolant. The probabilistic method used is the Latin Hypercube Sampling; the Monte Carlo method is applied for verification. These results are then compared with the deterministic output from the LBB procedure.
{"title":"Probabilistic Modular Tool to Assess Leak Before Break in Pipes","authors":"F. Brigante, C. Versteylen, F. H. E. de Haan – de Wilde","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the probabilistic study for Leak Before Break (LBB) assessments. The research has been carried out with an in-house developed software that allows to perform both probabilistic and deterministic leak before break analyses for pressurized pipes. The study is based on the UK procedure for the assessment of the integrity of structures containing defects (R6). The procedure applied is the Detectable Leak Before Break (DLBB) that relies on the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) Option 1 assessment procedure. The calculations merge the plastic collapse assessment and the brittle failure mode of the pipe in the FAD. The first computed parameter for the LBB assessment is the Critical Crack Length (CCL) distribution density of the postulated through wall defect. The structural integrity assessment is then coupled with the Henry-Fauske two-phase critical flow model for the evaluation of the Leakage Rate (LR). With this coupling the Minimum Detectable Crack Length (MDCL) distribution density is calculated. This step sets the boundary conditions for the fracture mechanics assessment of the postulated defect. The main probabilistic outputs from the assessment are the probability of the structural failure and the probability that the defect does not leak a detectable amount of coolant. The probabilistic method used is the Latin Hypercube Sampling; the Monte Carlo method is applied for verification. These results are then compared with the deterministic output from the LBB procedure.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88922042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an expansion of previously developed alternative nozzle reinforcement rules for gasketed plate heat exchanger (GPHE) end plates. The previous work on the alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE has been conducted by analytical means utilizing the basis of ASME BPVC Section VIII, Div. 1, Section UG-39, and the principles and data of a simply supported plate theory. As a part of the initial work, some assumptions had been left to be validated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The objective of this paper is to conduct the FEA validation of those assumptions and to further refine and expand the alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE. The results of FEA show a good agreement with the initially developed analytical rules. The rules have further been expanded utilizing the same principles developed in the initial work and using additional data obtained by FEA. The expanded alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE, while being limited to the range of plate length to width ratio, are useful analytical means for design of GPHE end plates that may be used in lieu of more costly proof testing or FEA. In addition, the alternative reinforcement rules evaluate the reinforcement in the vicinity of nozzle openings resulting in an optimized design thickness of the GPHE end plates.
{"title":"FEA Validation and Refinement of Alternative Nozzle Reinforcement Rules for Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers","authors":"Milan Nikic, Djordje Srnic","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84592","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is an expansion of previously developed alternative nozzle reinforcement rules for gasketed plate heat exchanger (GPHE) end plates. The previous work on the alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE has been conducted by analytical means utilizing the basis of ASME BPVC Section VIII, Div. 1, Section UG-39, and the principles and data of a simply supported plate theory. As a part of the initial work, some assumptions had been left to be validated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The objective of this paper is to conduct the FEA validation of those assumptions and to further refine and expand the alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE.\u0000 The results of FEA show a good agreement with the initially developed analytical rules. The rules have further been expanded utilizing the same principles developed in the initial work and using additional data obtained by FEA. The expanded alternative reinforcement rules for GPHE, while being limited to the range of plate length to width ratio, are useful analytical means for design of GPHE end plates that may be used in lieu of more costly proof testing or FEA. In addition, the alternative reinforcement rules evaluate the reinforcement in the vicinity of nozzle openings resulting in an optimized design thickness of the GPHE end plates.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"424 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89065611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The front matter for this proceedings is available by clicking on the PDF icon.
通过点击PDF图标可获得本次会议的主题。
{"title":"PVP2022 Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-fm2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-fm2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The front matter for this proceedings is available by clicking on the PDF icon.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86668809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingpo Zheng, Zhifeng Liu, Xing Yan, Wentao Chen, Ming Li
The connection quality of the bolted joints directly determines the service performance and reliability of the structure. However, there will always be a certain degree of loss in the bolt clamping force during the long-term service, accompanied by degradation of the mechanical performance. Herein, the experimental study on the single bolt connection was carried out to analyze the evolution process of dynamic performance. The clamping force was continuously monitored after tightening to obtain a quantitative analysis of its loss with and without external loads. The loosening curves of the clamping force with the service time was established respectively considering the main influencing factors. Transverse cyclic loads were applied to obtain the service loosening data of the bolt clamping force. The dynamic performance characterization parameters of the structure under different clamping forces were obtained through the modal test. On the basis of established force-performance relationship, the service conditions of the connection structure were evaluated to propose a performance evolution equation that varies over time. A comprehensive understanding of the service and evolution process of bolted joint was obtained through the experiment and analysis in this work. It provides an important reference significance in the performance prediction and control of bolted joints, which can help design a more reasonable structure.
{"title":"Analysis on the Evolution Process of Dynamic Performance of Single Bolt Connection","authors":"Mingpo Zheng, Zhifeng Liu, Xing Yan, Wentao Chen, Ming Li","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The connection quality of the bolted joints directly determines the service performance and reliability of the structure. However, there will always be a certain degree of loss in the bolt clamping force during the long-term service, accompanied by degradation of the mechanical performance. Herein, the experimental study on the single bolt connection was carried out to analyze the evolution process of dynamic performance. The clamping force was continuously monitored after tightening to obtain a quantitative analysis of its loss with and without external loads. The loosening curves of the clamping force with the service time was established respectively considering the main influencing factors. Transverse cyclic loads were applied to obtain the service loosening data of the bolt clamping force. The dynamic performance characterization parameters of the structure under different clamping forces were obtained through the modal test. On the basis of established force-performance relationship, the service conditions of the connection structure were evaluated to propose a performance evolution equation that varies over time. A comprehensive understanding of the service and evolution process of bolted joint was obtained through the experiment and analysis in this work. It provides an important reference significance in the performance prediction and control of bolted joints, which can help design a more reasonable structure.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"5 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87022239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Anthony, Nathan Barkley, Nadarajah Chithranjan
Pipe stress analysis (PSA) is a common method for evaluating the ductwork in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units. However, the typical approach only considers global loads and stresses in the piping system. Localized stresses must be evaluated using other methods. This can result in a PSA that produces acceptable results but fails after years of operation due to a local constraint or stress concentration. This paper presents a case study of a failure in a FCC Overhead Line constructed of 304H stainless steel material and operates at approximately 25 psig (0.172 MPa) and 1,175 °F (635 °C). The line passes stress limits per ASME B31.3 using a PSA but failed via a crack at a conical transition to long radius elbow joint weld after approximately fifteen years of operation due to a localized stress concentration. The local transition on the line is evaluated for Creep damage using a MPC OMEGA material/damage model which is incorporated into the finite element analysis (FEA) via a user subroutine. The evaluations indicated that the large half-apex angle of the transition combined with the elbow location resulted in significant Creep damage at the joint. Subsequent destructive testing confirmed that the elbow joint developed sigma phase formations which reduced the Creep life significantly.
{"title":"Case Study of a FCC Overhead Line Crack Failure","authors":"David Anthony, Nathan Barkley, Nadarajah Chithranjan","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-85748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-85748","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pipe stress analysis (PSA) is a common method for evaluating the ductwork in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units. However, the typical approach only considers global loads and stresses in the piping system. Localized stresses must be evaluated using other methods. This can result in a PSA that produces acceptable results but fails after years of operation due to a local constraint or stress concentration.\u0000 This paper presents a case study of a failure in a FCC Overhead Line constructed of 304H stainless steel material and operates at approximately 25 psig (0.172 MPa) and 1,175 °F (635 °C). The line passes stress limits per ASME B31.3 using a PSA but failed via a crack at a conical transition to long radius elbow joint weld after approximately fifteen years of operation due to a localized stress concentration. The local transition on the line is evaluated for Creep damage using a MPC OMEGA material/damage model which is incorporated into the finite element analysis (FEA) via a user subroutine. The evaluations indicated that the large half-apex angle of the transition combined with the elbow location resulted in significant Creep damage at the joint. Subsequent destructive testing confirmed that the elbow joint developed sigma phase formations which reduced the Creep life significantly.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90243539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pipe supports and restraints are an essential part of a properly supported piping system and may be connected by clamps with threaded members, welds, etc. Depending on the application, the type of connection may favor a clamp with threaded member connection, a clamp directly welded to the pipe, or another welded pipe attachment. For example, economics, planning involved, system efficiencies, and inevitable field changes are evaluated to determine the feasibility and impact of each type of connection. Multiple types of welded pipe attachments (i.e. shear lugs, trunnions, and stanchions) are considered with their corresponding advantages and disadvantages as well as methodologies of analyses. The hybrid of threaded member and welded connections have shown advantageous in certain applications. Historically and previously, stanchions have been provided for anchors but state-of-the-art designs (i.e. base clamp with trunnion) that have been around for the last couple decades are investigated for prevention of translation and rotation of the pipe in the application of supports, guides, and anchors. Also, this study is open to straight pipe as well as short and long radius elbows. Lastly, multiple accepted approaches for analyzing welded pipe attachments are explored. Making the right connection to the pipe is essential to prevent issues after plant operation and protecting the pressure boundary.
{"title":"Pipe Clamps and Welding to the Pipe","authors":"Phillip Wiseman, Kshitij P. Gawande","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-83692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-83692","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pipe supports and restraints are an essential part of a properly supported piping system and may be connected by clamps with threaded members, welds, etc. Depending on the application, the type of connection may favor a clamp with threaded member connection, a clamp directly welded to the pipe, or another welded pipe attachment. For example, economics, planning involved, system efficiencies, and inevitable field changes are evaluated to determine the feasibility and impact of each type of connection. Multiple types of welded pipe attachments (i.e. shear lugs, trunnions, and stanchions) are considered with their corresponding advantages and disadvantages as well as methodologies of analyses. The hybrid of threaded member and welded connections have shown advantageous in certain applications. Historically and previously, stanchions have been provided for anchors but state-of-the-art designs (i.e. base clamp with trunnion) that have been around for the last couple decades are investigated for prevention of translation and rotation of the pipe in the application of supports, guides, and anchors. Also, this study is open to straight pipe as well as short and long radius elbows. Lastly, multiple accepted approaches for analyzing welded pipe attachments are explored. Making the right connection to the pipe is essential to prevent issues after plant operation and protecting the pressure boundary.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74952585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If not assessed properly, unstable crack growth in pipelines could result in detrimental leaks or ruptures. Fracture mechanics models are typically used to assess the susceptibility of pipelines to fail due to the presence of cracks or crack-like anomalies. To this end, an inelastic (or elastic-plastic) fracture mechanics model, known as CorLAS™ model, has been developed and frequently used by pipeline operators. This paper first reviews the development of the CorLAS™ model and derives the probabilistic characteristics, including mean and coefficient of variation (COV) associated with the CorLAS™ model using a collection of 94 full-scale burst test data from the literature. A comprehensive reliability assessment of cracked pipes based on the CorLAS™ model is performed through the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. For each reported scenario, the probability of failure (PoF) is calculated by MCS that considers the uncertainties associated with various parameters such as pipe geometry, material properties, and the uncertainty due to the fracture model itself, namely, the model error. Finally, a sensitivity study is conducted considering various input parameters, including pipe grade, pipe diameter, wall thickness, ratio of crack length to depth, ratio of crack depth to wall thickness, and model error COV. The results suggest that the PoFs are highly sensitive to the COV, i.e., the PoFs increase significantly with the increase of the COVs, while the effects of other input parameters on the PoFs are insignificant. It is also shown that the model error COV of CorLAS™ with a value of 13% could serve as a reference value for future model error studies.
如果评估不当，管道中不稳定的裂纹增长可能导致有害的泄漏或破裂。断裂力学模型通常用于评估管道因裂纹或类裂纹异常而失效的易感性。为此，人们开发了一种非弹性(或弹塑性)断裂力学模型，即CorLAS™模型，并经常被管道运营商使用。本文首先回顾了CorLAS™模型的发展，并利用文献中收集的94个全尺寸爆炸试验数据，推导了CorLAS™模型的概率特征，包括平均值和变异系数(COV)。采用蒙特卡罗仿真(Monte Carlo Simulation, MCS)方法，基于CorLAS™模型对裂纹管道进行了全面的可靠性评估。对于每种报告的场景，失效概率(PoF)都是由MCS计算的，MCS考虑了与各种参数相关的不确定性，如管道几何形状、材料特性以及由断裂模型本身引起的不确定性，即模型误差。最后，考虑管道等级、管径、管壁厚度、裂缝长深比、裂缝深度与壁厚比、模型误差COV等多种输入参数，进行敏感性研究。结果表明，pfs对冠状病毒高度敏感，随着冠状病毒的增加，pfs显著增加，而其他输入参数对pfs的影响不显著。CorLAS™模型误差COV值为13%，可作为未来模型误差研究的参考值。
{"title":"Reliability-Based Assessment of Cracked Pipelines Using Monte Carlo Simulation Technique With CorLAS™","authors":"Xinfang Zhang, Qianyue Zheng, J. Leung, S. Adeeb","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-80412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-80412","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 If not assessed properly, unstable crack growth in pipelines could result in detrimental leaks or ruptures. Fracture mechanics models are typically used to assess the susceptibility of pipelines to fail due to the presence of cracks or crack-like anomalies. To this end, an inelastic (or elastic-plastic) fracture mechanics model, known as CorLAS™ model, has been developed and frequently used by pipeline operators. This paper first reviews the development of the CorLAS™ model and derives the probabilistic characteristics, including mean and coefficient of variation (COV) associated with the CorLAS™ model using a collection of 94 full-scale burst test data from the literature. A comprehensive reliability assessment of cracked pipes based on the CorLAS™ model is performed through the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. For each reported scenario, the probability of failure (PoF) is calculated by MCS that considers the uncertainties associated with various parameters such as pipe geometry, material properties, and the uncertainty due to the fracture model itself, namely, the model error. Finally, a sensitivity study is conducted considering various input parameters, including pipe grade, pipe diameter, wall thickness, ratio of crack length to depth, ratio of crack depth to wall thickness, and model error COV. The results suggest that the PoFs are highly sensitive to the COV, i.e., the PoFs increase significantly with the increase of the COVs, while the effects of other input parameters on the PoFs are insignificant. It is also shown that the model error COV of CorLAS™ with a value of 13% could serve as a reference value for future model error studies.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a clean and efficient secondary energy, hydrogen energy is of great significance for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. At present, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage systems for vehicles mostly use carbon fiber reinforced composite materials as the pressure-bearing materials of hydrogen storage vessel to obtain a lighter mass, so as to ensure the hydrogen storage system has a higher hydrogen storage density. However, unlike traditional steel hydrogen storage vessel, carbon fiber composite hydrogen storage vessel has low rigidity and is prone to bending and deformation during manufacture and use, which can cause safety accidents. Most of the previous studies on mechanical properties have focused on flat laminates, which are of limited help to the study of hydrogen storage vessel. In view of this situation, this work fabricated the curved carbon fiber laminates with the same manufacturing process as the hydrogen storage vessel and investigated their flexural performance using a combination of experimental and finite element methods. The bending experiments of curved carbon fiber laminates at different angles were carried out. And the finite element model for flexural performance prediction of curved carbon fiber laminates was established through validation against the experimental results. A parametric study was further performed to analyzed the influence of carbon fiber winding angle on the flexural performance. This work will provide reference and basis for the subsequent research on the flexural performance of carbon fiber composite hydrogen storage vessel.
{"title":"Research on Flexural Performance of Curved Carbon Fiber Laminate Composites","authors":"Hongfei Li, Zhiping Chen, Peng Ge, Hao Miao","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84397","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a clean and efficient secondary energy, hydrogen energy is of great significance for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. At present, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage systems for vehicles mostly use carbon fiber reinforced composite materials as the pressure-bearing materials of hydrogen storage vessel to obtain a lighter mass, so as to ensure the hydrogen storage system has a higher hydrogen storage density. However, unlike traditional steel hydrogen storage vessel, carbon fiber composite hydrogen storage vessel has low rigidity and is prone to bending and deformation during manufacture and use, which can cause safety accidents. Most of the previous studies on mechanical properties have focused on flat laminates, which are of limited help to the study of hydrogen storage vessel. In view of this situation, this work fabricated the curved carbon fiber laminates with the same manufacturing process as the hydrogen storage vessel and investigated their flexural performance using a combination of experimental and finite element methods. The bending experiments of curved carbon fiber laminates at different angles were carried out. And the finite element model for flexural performance prediction of curved carbon fiber laminates was established through validation against the experimental results. A parametric study was further performed to analyzed the influence of carbon fiber winding angle on the flexural performance. This work will provide reference and basis for the subsequent research on the flexural performance of carbon fiber composite hydrogen storage vessel.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74009917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The past calibration papers have discussed the importance of accuracy, repeatability, and verification of calibration methods. Through these papers it has been seen that the method of calibration is critical to achieving the proper bolt load as there is no current standard followed for calibrating “powered equipment.” The frequency of calibration and the practice of field torque verification has not been previously addressed in either research or by the tool manufacturers. The only timeframe that is currently followed is based off ISO 6789-2 “Assembly tools for screws and nuts — Hand torque tools” [1] which states that manual torque wrenches shall be calibrated once every 12 months. There are also no manufacturers that have stated the frequency of calibration since there is no current information of how many times a wrench is used or correlation of the setting of the tool with the amount of use it has seen. This paper will address the process of calibration & field verification of torque tools during an oil refinery turnaround. During this turnaround, the tools used were calibrated prior to first use and after they were used for the day. Through over 2700 data points, this paper will show three different types of tools, and their suggested rate of field verification. They include manual torque wrenches, hydraulic torque wrenches (both low profile and square drive), and pistol grip torque wrenches (both battery and pneumatic).
{"title":"Frequency of Torque Tool Calibrations and Field Torque Verifications","authors":"Scott R. Hamilton","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-79350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-79350","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The past calibration papers have discussed the importance of accuracy, repeatability, and verification of calibration methods. Through these papers it has been seen that the method of calibration is critical to achieving the proper bolt load as there is no current standard followed for calibrating “powered equipment.”\u0000 The frequency of calibration and the practice of field torque verification has not been previously addressed in either research or by the tool manufacturers. The only timeframe that is currently followed is based off ISO 6789-2 “Assembly tools for screws and nuts — Hand torque tools” [1] which states that manual torque wrenches shall be calibrated once every 12 months. There are also no manufacturers that have stated the frequency of calibration since there is no current information of how many times a wrench is used or correlation of the setting of the tool with the amount of use it has seen.\u0000 This paper will address the process of calibration & field verification of torque tools during an oil refinery turnaround. During this turnaround, the tools used were calibrated prior to first use and after they were used for the day. Through over 2700 data points, this paper will show three different types of tools, and their suggested rate of field verification. They include manual torque wrenches, hydraulic torque wrenches (both low profile and square drive), and pistol grip torque wrenches (both battery and pneumatic).","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81422320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A three-dimensional approach is presented to analyze the thermoelastic behavior of a cylindrical panel subjected to transient heat conduction. First, the hyperbolic heat conduction equations are solved to obtain the temperature (and heat flux) in the spatial and temporal domain using the differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newton-Raphson method, respectively. The obtained temperature distribution is then applied in the three-dimensional thermoelastic equations of the cylindrical panel to obtain displacements and stresses at each time step by solving an eigenvalue problem. Numerical test cases showed that the proposed approach can estimate the temperature and deflection accurately. Although, the accuracy is dependent on the time increment and number of sampling grid points in the spatial and temporal domain of DQM.
{"title":"Thermoelastic Analysis of Cylindrical Panels by Hyperbolic Heat Conduction","authors":"A. Pourasghar, J. Brigham","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84966","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A three-dimensional approach is presented to analyze the thermoelastic behavior of a cylindrical panel subjected to transient heat conduction. First, the hyperbolic heat conduction equations are solved to obtain the temperature (and heat flux) in the spatial and temporal domain using the differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newton-Raphson method, respectively. The obtained temperature distribution is then applied in the three-dimensional thermoelastic equations of the cylindrical panel to obtain displacements and stresses at each time step by solving an eigenvalue problem. Numerical test cases showed that the proposed approach can estimate the temperature and deflection accurately. Although, the accuracy is dependent on the time increment and number of sampling grid points in the spatial and temporal domain of DQM.","PeriodicalId":23700,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints; Design and Analysis","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77148347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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