S. Qadeer, R. Ejaz, A. Husna, A. Azam, S. Rubab, G. Nabi, S. Ullah, S. Akhter
The current study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of L-Carnitine at post thawing following cryopreservation of Nili-Ravi buffalo sperm. For this purpose, semen from three buffalo bulls were collected for 3 weeks using an artificial vagina (N=18; replicates). The qualified ejaculates were diluted employing tris-citric acid extender i.e., control did not receive any L-Carnitine and experimental groups having 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ng/mL of L-carnitine at 37 C with approximately 50 x 106 sperm/mL. The semen was cooled at 4 C and then equilibrated (4 hours), filled in straws (0.5 mL) at4 C, placed on LN2 vapours for 10 min, and kept into an LN2 container. The thawed semen was evaluated for post-thaw quality. The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane and motility (P?0.05) was highest in the extenders having 1.0 ng/mL of L-carnitine as compared to the control(received no L-Carnitine). However, sperm chromatin integrity and viability(live sperm with intact acrosome) remained similar. It was concluded that supplementing 1.0 ng/mL L-Carnitine of extender can improve the post-thaw quality of cryopreserved sperm. Based on the results of the current experiments it is recommended to include L-carnitine extender to improve post-thaw quality of buffalo sperm in terms of its motility and integrity ofits plasma membrane. Keywords: Buffalo, Sperm, Cryopreservation, Extender, L-Carnitine, Artificial insemination.
本研究旨在评价l -肉碱在Nili-Ravi水牛精子冷冻后解冻后的抗氧化作用。为此，使用人工阴道(N=18;复制)。合格的射精用三柠檬酸扩展剂稀释，即对照组不接受任何左旋肉碱，实验组在37℃下含有0.5、1.0和1.5 ng/mL的左旋肉碱，约50 × 106个精子/mL。精子在4℃下冷却，然后平衡(4小时)，在4℃下填入吸管(0.5 mL)，置于LN2蒸气上10分钟，保存在LN2容器中。对解冻后精液进行解冻后质量评价。与未添加左旋肉碱的对照组相比，添加1.0 ng/mL左旋肉碱组精子质膜完整性和活力最高(P?0.05)。然而，精子染色质完整性和活力(顶体完好的活精子)保持相似。由此可见，添加1.0 ng/mL l -肉碱扩展剂可提高冷冻精子解冻后的质量。根据目前的实验结果，建议在解冻后的水牛精子中添加左旋肉碱扩展剂，以提高其活力和质膜的完整性。关键词:水牛，精子，冷冻保存，填充剂，左旋肉碱，人工授精
{"title":"L-Carnitine Improves Cytoprotection during Cryopreservation: A case study on Nili-Ravi Buffalo Sperm","authors":"S. Qadeer, R. Ejaz, A. Husna, A. Azam, S. Rubab, G. Nabi, S. Ullah, S. Akhter","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of L-Carnitine at post thawing following cryopreservation of Nili-Ravi buffalo sperm. For this purpose, semen from three buffalo bulls were collected for 3 weeks using an artificial vagina (N=18; replicates). The qualified ejaculates were diluted employing tris-citric acid extender i.e., control did not receive any L-Carnitine and experimental groups having 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ng/mL of L-carnitine at 37 C with approximately 50 x 106 sperm/mL. The semen was cooled at 4 C and then equilibrated (4 hours), filled in straws (0.5 mL) at4 C, placed on LN2 vapours for 10 min, and kept into an LN2 container. The thawed semen was evaluated for post-thaw quality. The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane and motility (P?0.05) was highest in the extenders having 1.0 ng/mL of L-carnitine as compared to the control(received no L-Carnitine). However, sperm chromatin integrity and viability(live sperm with intact acrosome) remained similar. It was concluded that supplementing 1.0 ng/mL L-Carnitine of extender can improve the post-thaw quality of cryopreserved sperm. Based on the results of the current experiments it is recommended to include L-carnitine extender to improve post-thaw quality of buffalo sperm in terms of its motility and integrity ofits plasma membrane.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Buffalo, Sperm, Cryopreservation, Extender, L-Carnitine, Artificial insemination.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91018936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gandahi, A. W. Baloch, Mir Yar Mohammad Talpur, N. Fatima, T. F. Abro, G. H. Jatoi, Asadullah Mari, Liaquat Ali Bhutto, Rongshu Zhang
The present study was designed to assess genetic divergence between commercial bread wheat genotypes based on yield and its related traits and to carry out phenotypic correlation. Twenty bread hexaploid wheat varieties were assessed for mean performance, correlation analysis and genetic distance. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications during growing season, 2018-2019 at Wheat and Barley Research Institute, Tandojam. The mean squares depicted significant differences (P<0.01) for all the investigated traits among the tested genotypes, proving that used genetic resources possess a great potential for further breeding experiments. Regarding mean performance, the genotypes Sassui and TD-1 displayed desirable performance for a variety of traits, unveiling their importance in wheat breeding programs. The results also showed that tillers plant-1, grains spike-1 and seed index developed significantly positive (P<0.05) interrelationship with grain yield plant-1. This demonstrates that genotypes possessing higher extent of these traits may be chosen in selection for developing high yielding bread wheat genotypes. The larger genetic distance was witnessed between Johar-78 and TD-1, followed by SKD-1 and TJ-83, SKD-1 and Mehran-89, SKD-1 and Johar-78, TD-1 and Khirman, TJ-83 and Imdad-05, Mehran-89 and TD-1 and Johar-78 and TJ-83. These paired showed wide genetic distances, which may also be preferred in wheat hybridization program. Keywords: Genetic distance, hexaploid wheat, morphological traits, trait
{"title":"Unveiling the genetic divergence and phenotypic association in elite Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes","authors":"N. Gandahi, A. W. Baloch, Mir Yar Mohammad Talpur, N. Fatima, T. F. Abro, G. H. Jatoi, Asadullah Mari, Liaquat Ali Bhutto, Rongshu Zhang","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to assess genetic divergence between commercial bread wheat genotypes based on yield and its related traits and to carry out phenotypic correlation. Twenty bread hexaploid wheat varieties were assessed for mean performance, correlation analysis and genetic distance. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications during growing season, 2018-2019 at Wheat and Barley Research Institute, Tandojam. The mean squares depicted significant differences (P<0.01) for all the investigated traits among the tested genotypes, proving that used genetic resources possess a great potential for further breeding experiments. Regarding mean performance, the genotypes Sassui and TD-1 displayed desirable performance for a variety of traits, unveiling their importance in wheat breeding programs. The results also showed that tillers plant-1, grains spike-1 and seed index developed significantly positive (P<0.05) interrelationship with grain yield plant-1. This demonstrates that genotypes possessing higher extent of these traits may be chosen in selection for developing high yielding bread wheat genotypes. The larger genetic distance was witnessed between Johar-78 and TD-1, followed by SKD-1 and TJ-83, SKD-1 and Mehran-89, SKD-1 and Johar-78, TD-1 and Khirman, TJ-83 and Imdad-05, Mehran-89 and TD-1 and Johar-78 and TJ-83. These paired showed wide genetic distances, which may also be preferred in wheat hybridization program.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Genetic distance, hexaploid wheat, morphological traits, trait","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79051766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is gram positive, catalase positive cocci which belongs to the family of Staphylococcaceae and is long known as clinical and foodborne pathogen. The emergence of multidrug resistance strain of S. aureus which is methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) challenges the health care system because it can cause wide variety of hospital and community acquired skin and soft tissue infections which are difficult to treat. The virulence of S. aureus is because of different factors which includes toxins, enzymes and superantigens. S. aureus produce variety of exotoxins, enterotoxins and exfoliative toxins which contributes to the virulence of S. aureus. Hemolysin toxins produce by S. aureus strains are associated with different skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and can cause the lysis of RBCs. Hemolysins are regulated by accessory gene regulator (agr) and is required for the enhanced expression of virulence factors secreted by S. aureus. Hemolysins have leucolytic activity and can help in iron scavenging from host. The most important toxin is alpha hemolysin which can induce the apoptosis and cause the lysis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes and keratinocytes. Human immune cells are affected by beta hemolysin and gamma hemolysin is a biocomponent toxin. Delta hemolysin is low molecular weight exotoxin which belongs to the class of phenol soluble modulins. Keywords: MRSA, Exotoxins, Hemolysins, SSTIs
{"title":"Effects of Staphylococcus aureus hemolysin toxins on blood cells and association with skin and soft tissue infections","authors":"Adnan Shahid, Afsheen Rafiq","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is gram positive, catalase positive cocci which belongs to the family of Staphylococcaceae and is long known as clinical and foodborne pathogen. The emergence of multidrug resistance strain of S. aureus which is methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) challenges the health care system because it can cause wide variety of hospital and community acquired skin and soft tissue infections which are difficult to treat. The virulence of S. aureus is because of different factors which includes toxins, enzymes and superantigens. S. aureus produce variety of exotoxins, enterotoxins and exfoliative toxins which contributes to the virulence of S. aureus. Hemolysin toxins produce by S. aureus strains are associated with different skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and can cause the lysis of RBCs. Hemolysins are regulated by accessory gene regulator (agr) and is required for the enhanced expression of virulence factors secreted by S. aureus. Hemolysins have leucolytic activity and can help in iron scavenging from host. The most important toxin is alpha hemolysin which can induce the apoptosis and cause the lysis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes and keratinocytes. Human immune cells are affected by beta hemolysin and gamma hemolysin is a biocomponent toxin. Delta hemolysin is low molecular weight exotoxin which belongs to the class of phenol soluble modulins.\u0000\u0000Keywords: MRSA, Exotoxins, Hemolysins, SSTIs","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81987965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ashraf, S. Rahman, Muhammad Jawad Bashir, R. Aslam, Sultan Ali, A. Jabbar
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide issue and becoming more problematic due to extensive misuse of antibiotics. The present study was aimed to analyze role of Lactobacillus in transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (tetM, ermB, sul2) to Salmonella and verification of these genes by real time polymerase chain reaction. A total of thirty fecal samples (15 were indigenous and 15 were broilers) were collected and analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that there was high expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus in case of broiler chicken than indigenous ones indicating Lactobacillus as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes but found to be non-significant in transferring these genes to Salmonella. In conclusion, the excessive use of animal growth promoters in poultry assists in acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by normal micro-biota. Keywords: Broiler, Non-significant, Antibiotic resistance, Real time polymerase chain
{"title":"Transferring of Lactobacillus antibiotic resistant genes to Salmonella","authors":"Muhammad Ashraf, S. Rahman, Muhammad Jawad Bashir, R. Aslam, Sultan Ali, A. Jabbar","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide issue and becoming more problematic due to extensive misuse of antibiotics. The present study was aimed to analyze role of Lactobacillus in transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (tetM, ermB, sul2) to Salmonella and verification of these genes by real time polymerase chain reaction. A total of thirty fecal samples (15 were indigenous and 15 were broilers) were collected and analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that there was high expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus in case of broiler chicken than indigenous ones indicating Lactobacillus as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes but found to be non-significant in transferring these genes to Salmonella. In conclusion, the excessive use of animal growth promoters in poultry assists in acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by normal micro-biota.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Broiler, Non-significant, Antibiotic resistance, Real time polymerase chain","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78344454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Yousif Rahimoon, Abdul Ghani Lanja, A. Bukero, Babar Hussain Chang, Jamal-u-ddin Hajano, M. McNeill, Ammara Rajput, Zainab Lanjar
Rice an important staple food crop of the world, which is attacked by the various insect pests, among them the stem borers are the most destructive pests, distributed in all rice growing areas of the world and cause the severe losses. This research investigated the efficacy of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) to control the white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata) in rice. In this respect the field studies were conducted in lower Sindh, Pakistan for the year, Kharif - 2017 and 2018. Trichogramma egg parasitoid over 230 species are reported to have been remained in biological control of insect pests of over 200 insect species belonging to 70 different families, mainly the order Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthroptera and Thysnoptera, in order to manage the white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was used as a bio-control agent. The Studies revealed that T. chilonis proved an effective biocontrol strategy against white stem borer of rice. The result of this study could be useful in an integrated pest management program for the management of white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis. Keywords: Stem borer, Biocontrol, Parasitoid, Population suppression.
{"title":"Trichogramma chilonis, an effective egg parasitoid for control of white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in rice","authors":"Muhammad Yousif Rahimoon, Abdul Ghani Lanja, A. Bukero, Babar Hussain Chang, Jamal-u-ddin Hajano, M. McNeill, Ammara Rajput, Zainab Lanjar","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Rice an important staple food crop of the world, which is attacked by the various insect pests, among them the stem borers are the most destructive pests, distributed in all rice growing areas of the world and cause the severe losses. This research investigated the efficacy of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) to control the white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata) in rice. In this respect the field studies were conducted in lower Sindh, Pakistan for the year, Kharif - 2017 and 2018. Trichogramma egg parasitoid over 230 species are reported to have been remained in biological control of insect pests of over 200 insect species belonging to 70 different families, mainly the order Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthroptera and Thysnoptera, in order to manage the white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was used as a bio-control agent. The Studies revealed that T. chilonis proved an effective biocontrol strategy against white stem borer of rice. The result of this study could be useful in an integrated pest management program for the management of white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Stem borer, Biocontrol, Parasitoid, Population suppression.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75210067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atif Kamil, Haseeb Ullah, Farooq Hussain, M. Jamal, Azmat Ali, M. Shah, Ayaz Ahmad, J. Khan, F. Anwar, Nabila
The disease tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is most common infectious disease in developing countries. The disease is fatal if not treated during the early stages of infection, thereby early and precise detection is a decisive step in curing the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients reporting to Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), located in the district Mardan, KPK, Pakistan. The sputum of patients was analysed by Ziehl-Nilsen (ZN) staining technique followed by light microscopy called Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) staining. The sputum samples were collected from the patients and analysed by special PCR method called GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, for genomic detection and resistance assay for rifampicin antibiotic were used, are the commonly used medicine for the treatment of MTB infection. Total 121 patients reported to MMC, represented 74 % patients from Mardan, 12% from Nowshera and 14% from Swabi. These patients were screened for the aim to evaluate the techniques for the detection of MTB. The light microscopy method confirmed 66 (55%) of the patients positive for MTB, whereas the same samples reported 78 (68%) patients positive for MTB through GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) found for light microscopy were 99% and 78.1% respectively. The most used drug rifampicin was found ineffective in 9 patients (7%). Additionally, 83% of the patients when interviewed had a folk history of tuberculosis. Keywords: Microscopy, PCR, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rifampicin.
{"title":"Diagnostic approaches and prevalence of Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in District Mardan","authors":"Atif Kamil, Haseeb Ullah, Farooq Hussain, M. Jamal, Azmat Ali, M. Shah, Ayaz Ahmad, J. Khan, F. Anwar, Nabila","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The disease tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is most common infectious disease in developing countries. The disease is fatal if not treated during the early stages of infection, thereby early and precise detection is a decisive step in curing the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients reporting to Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), located in the district Mardan, KPK, Pakistan. The sputum of patients was analysed by Ziehl-Nilsen (ZN) staining technique followed by light microscopy called Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) staining. The sputum samples were collected from the patients and analysed by special PCR method called GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, for genomic detection and resistance assay for rifampicin antibiotic were used, are the commonly used medicine for the treatment of MTB infection. Total 121 patients reported to MMC, represented 74 % patients from Mardan, 12% from Nowshera and 14% from Swabi. These patients were screened for the aim to evaluate the techniques for the detection of MTB. The light microscopy method confirmed 66 (55%) of the patients positive for MTB, whereas the same samples reported 78 (68%) patients positive for MTB through GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) found for light microscopy were 99% and 78.1% respectively. The most used drug rifampicin was found ineffective in 9 patients (7%). Additionally, 83% of the patients when interviewed had a folk history of tuberculosis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Microscopy, PCR, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rifampicin.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85541021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cell technology is demonstrating promising advancements in cure of diseases due its differentiation ability. Type 1 diabetes is mainly caused by autoimmune ? cells destruction. In this review, we focus on treatment procedures of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) with numerous stem cells (SCs) i.e hPSCs, MSCs, hESCs, BMSCs, AFSCs, HSCs and islet cells (that are not stem cells but they are approved worldwide and are being successfully used to permanently reverse T1D). A brief overview of this disease along with the advancements in treatment of T1D with stem cells is discussed. Biomaterial encapsulation to avoid immune rejection and improved immunomodulation and immune tolerance via drugs /bioengineering techniques makes the outcomes of SC therapies more efficient and productive, hence, proving to be another future milestone of completely reversing type 1 diabetes especially in those patients who got clinically diagnosed at an early stage and then received prompt treatment of either restoration of already available ? cells functionality or transplantation of purified and functional SCs differentiated insulin producing cells to normalize the glycemic control and homeostasis. Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, ?-cells, Stem cells, Biomaterial
{"title":"Cell Transplantation Therapies to Reverse Type 1 Diabetes: A review","authors":"Amrah Inam, Z. Alam, O. Shah, Misbah, F. Shi","doi":"10.34091/ajls.4.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.4.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell technology is demonstrating promising advancements in cure of diseases due its differentiation ability. Type 1 diabetes is mainly caused by autoimmune ? cells destruction. In this review, we focus on treatment procedures of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) with numerous stem cells (SCs) i.e hPSCs, MSCs, hESCs, BMSCs, AFSCs, HSCs and islet cells (that are not stem cells but they are approved worldwide and are being successfully used to permanently reverse T1D). A brief overview of this disease along with the advancements in treatment of T1D with stem cells is discussed. Biomaterial encapsulation to avoid immune rejection and improved immunomodulation and immune tolerance via drugs /bioengineering techniques makes the outcomes of SC therapies more efficient and productive, hence, proving to be another future milestone of completely reversing type 1 diabetes especially in those patients who got clinically diagnosed at an early stage and then received prompt treatment of either restoration of already available ? cells functionality or transplantation of purified and functional SCs differentiated insulin producing cells to normalize the glycemic control and homeostasis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, ?-cells, Stem cells, Biomaterial","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88667037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper builds on the methodology for assessing the transformation of Roman villas in Late Antiquity. Previous studies have moved from simple identification towards a more holistic way of spatially visualizing transformation (for example, Chavarría 2007; Dodd 2019), however, none of these previous attempts have led to a spatially comparable approach to site transformation across different regions and individual settlements. This paper will lay out the problematic nature of spatially illustrating villa transformation and address the development processes of prior studies. It will lay out the conceptual framework for a new approach to addressing villa transformation based on three spatial layers and demonstrate their applicability on two important villa settlements in Northern Britain and the Saarland.
{"title":"Assessing Late Antique villa transformation at individual sites: towards a spatial approach","authors":"J.A.L.D. Dodd","doi":"10.16995/traj.4336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/traj.4336","url":null,"abstract":"This paper builds on the methodology for assessing the transformation of Roman villas in Late Antiquity. Previous studies have moved from simple identification towards a more holistic way of spatially visualizing transformation (for example, Chavarría 2007; Dodd 2019), however, none of these previous attempts have led to a spatially comparable approach to site transformation across different regions and individual settlements. This paper will lay out the problematic nature of spatially illustrating villa transformation and address the development processes of prior studies. It will lay out the conceptual framework for a new approach to addressing villa transformation based on three spatial layers and demonstrate their applicability on two important villa settlements in Northern Britain and the Saarland.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82752634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As TRAC approaches another milestone anniversary there is much to celebrate - a successful conference, a large body of publications, and a thriving community. Part of this success stems from the unusually introspective and self-critical nature of the organisation. However, despite this tradition, there has been limited data-driven analysis of TRAC's successes and failures. This paper uses bibliometric data from the corpus of TRAC publications over the last 30 years to analyse whether the organisation has achieved its aims. Alongside data from comparable journals, this research will also determine whether TRAC is ahead or behind the wider academic world. This paper provides insights into how diverse TRAC has become and how me might move forward in future.
{"title":"TRAC at 30: A Bibliometric Analysis of the TRAC Community","authors":"Nicky Garland","doi":"10.16995/TRAJ.4344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/TRAJ.4344","url":null,"abstract":"As TRAC approaches another milestone anniversary there is much to celebrate - a successful conference, a large body of publications, and a thriving community. Part of this success stems from the unusually introspective and self-critical nature of the organisation. However, despite this tradition, there has been limited data-driven analysis of TRAC's successes and failures. This paper uses bibliometric data from the corpus of TRAC publications over the last 30 years to analyse whether the organisation has achieved its aims. Alongside data from comparable journals, this research will also determine whether TRAC is ahead or behind the wider academic world. This paper provides insights into how diverse TRAC has become and how me might move forward in future.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85508145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarship generally places peasants on a spectrum of socio-economic independence and dependence. While opinions are shifting away from subsistence, self-sufficiency, and socio-political autarky as mainstays of the peasant condition, the conventional focus on hierarchical relations persists, leaving horizontal or ‘relational’ ones neglected. To address this imbalance, I first detail our need to deal with literary (self-) representations of rural non-elite life. I use Dio Chrysostom’s Euboean discourse to develop a non-exhaustive range of peer-level interactions including hospitality, reciprocity, and cooperative work. Archaeology can help unravel how these played out, but as site 9 from the Ager Lunensis shows, we need better evidence. Nevertheless, I offer tentative possibilities about veteran interactions and the dynamics between villa and small farm workers from site 154 from the Ager Capenas and Case Nuove from the Roman Peasant Project. I close by alluding to the potential of integrating horizontal social relations in broader historical narratives.
{"title":"Finding the Social Life of Rural Non-Elites in Roman Italy","authors":"Brian Theng","doi":"10.16995/TRAJ.4345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/TRAJ.4345","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship generally places peasants on a spectrum of socio-economic independence and dependence. While opinions are shifting away from subsistence, self-sufficiency, and socio-political autarky as mainstays of the peasant condition, the conventional focus on hierarchical relations persists, leaving horizontal or ‘relational’ ones neglected. To address this imbalance, I first detail our need to deal with literary (self-) representations of rural non-elite life. I use Dio Chrysostom’s Euboean discourse to develop a non-exhaustive range of peer-level interactions including hospitality, reciprocity, and cooperative work. Archaeology can help unravel how these played out, but as site 9 from the Ager Lunensis shows, we need better evidence. Nevertheless, I offer tentative possibilities about veteran interactions and the dynamics between villa and small farm workers from site 154 from the Ager Capenas and Case Nuove from the Roman Peasant Project. I close by alluding to the potential of integrating horizontal social relations in broader historical narratives.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74810976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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