Unicellular microalgal culture represents a new opportunity for producing significant biofuel quantities in the future along with other specialty products, due to several major advantages microalgae species present when compared to conventional crops, including much faster growth rates, cultivation in a variety of environments and photobioreactor systems, and almost 100% recycling of nutrients. In the current research, the scaling-up of the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae to a 4 m3 pilot-plant photobioreactor is examined, compared to the performance of a 25 L automated laboratory bioreactor. Beyond the size and configuration, the main differences of the two bioreactors are the mode of operation, the illumination nature and depth, the temperature, and pH. Specifically, temperature and illumination are naturally varying from day to day and season to season into the pilot-plant photobioreactor that is set inside a greenhouse. The specific growth factor appears to be higher for microalgal cultivation in the laboratory bioreactor. It is also found that the growth kinetics is severely slowed down during the winter months. This is primarily due to the low temperatures and the poor illumination observed during winter.
{"title":"Scaling-up sustainable Chlorella vulgaris microalgal biomass cultivation from laboratory to pilot-plant photobioreactor, towards biofuel","authors":"G. Papapolymerou, A. Riga","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002777","url":null,"abstract":"Unicellular microalgal culture represents a new opportunity for producing significant biofuel quantities in the future along with other specialty products, due to several major advantages microalgae species present when compared to conventional crops, including much faster growth rates, cultivation in a variety of environments and photobioreactor systems, and almost 100% recycling of nutrients. In the current research, the scaling-up of the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae to a 4 m3 pilot-plant photobioreactor is examined, compared to the performance of a 25 L automated laboratory bioreactor. Beyond the size and configuration, the main differences of the two bioreactors are the mode of operation, the illumination nature and depth, the temperature, and pH. Specifically, temperature and illumination are naturally varying from day to day and season to season into the pilot-plant photobioreactor that is set inside a greenhouse. The specific growth factor appears to be higher for microalgal cultivation in the laboratory bioreactor. It is also found that the growth kinetics is severely slowed down during the winter months. This is primarily due to the low temperatures and the poor illumination observed during winter. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82144409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of the anaerobic mixed bacterial culture from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor to convert blends of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) with synthetic glucose medium or molasses into ethanol simultaneously with organic acids (OAs) was studied in the present work. All fermentations were conducted by free cells under non-aerated conditions at 37 οC and the effect of OMWs concentration on ethanol and OAs production was investigated. The highest amount of bioethanol (14.7 g L-1) was produced during fermentation of 45 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium (5 % w/v) in only 28 hours. In mixtures of 30 % v/v OMWs and molasses solution (3 oBe) 13.4 g L-1 of bioethanol were produced. Also, 16.2 g L-1 of succinic acid were produced, when 65 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium. Moreover, totally 11.6 g L-1 of varied OAs (succinic, malic, butyric and acetic) observed in mixtures of 35 % OMWs with molasses. Finally, it has been shown that the 14C-labelled glucose uptake rate (GUR) by biomass was strongly correlated to fermentation rate.
研究了上流式厌氧污泥毯(UASB)生物反应器厌氧混合细菌培养将橄榄厂废水(OMWs)与合成葡萄糖培养基或糖蜜混合转化为乙醇和有机酸(OAs)的能力。所有发酵均由游离细胞在37 o o c无曝气条件下进行，并研究了OMWs浓度对乙醇和OAs产量的影响。45% v/v的OMWs与5% w/v的合成葡萄糖培养基在28小时内发酵产生最高的生物乙醇(14.7 g L-1)。在30% v/v的OMWs和糖蜜溶液(3 oBe)的混合物中，生产13.4 g L-1的生物乙醇。当65% v/v的OMWs与合成葡萄糖培养基混合时，琥珀酸的产量为16.2 g L-1。此外，在35%的OMWs与糖蜜的混合物中，共观察到11.6 g L-1的各种oa(琥珀酸、苹果酸、丁酸和乙酸)。最后，研究表明，生物质的14c标记葡萄糖摄取速率(GUR)与发酵速率密切相关。
{"title":"Bioconversions of olive oil mill wastewaters blends","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002738","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of the anaerobic mixed bacterial culture from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor to convert blends of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) with synthetic glucose medium or molasses into ethanol simultaneously with organic acids (OAs) was studied in the present work. All fermentations were conducted by free cells under non-aerated conditions at 37 οC and the effect of OMWs concentration on ethanol and OAs production was investigated. The highest amount of bioethanol (14.7 g L-1) was produced during fermentation of 45 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium (5 % w/v) in only 28 hours. In mixtures of 30 % v/v OMWs and molasses solution (3 oBe) 13.4 g L-1 of bioethanol were produced. Also, 16.2 g L-1 of succinic acid were produced, when 65 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium. Moreover, totally 11.6 g L-1 of varied OAs (succinic, malic, butyric and acetic) observed in mixtures of 35 % OMWs with molasses. Finally, it has been shown that the 14C-labelled glucose uptake rate (GUR) by biomass was strongly correlated to fermentation rate. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87278001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) technology offers a series of environmentally-friendly advantages, such as high quality effluent, pathogens removal capacity and avoided use of chemicals for disinfection, allowing it to be regarded as an environmentally friendly technology, when applied for wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling still remains a major drawback, preventing its widespread application for municipal or industrial wastewater treatment. The use of additives (i.e. adsorbents, bio-carriers etc.) is considered to be among the major strategies implemented for membrane fouling control over the last few years. The present work examines the influence of bio-carriers addition, as well as of zeolite powder on the reversible and irreversible membrane fouling of a lab-scale MBR. High-strength synthetic municipal wastewater (with BOD5 around 1000 mg/L) was fed as the substrate for the activated sludge process and a flat-sheet microfiltration membrane was operated for solids (biomass) - liquid separation at the flux of 17 L/m2h. The obtained results showed that the addition of zeolite contributed mainly to the alleviation of irreversible fouling, leaving the reversible fouling practically unaffected, while the addition of bio-carriers had quite the opposite effect. In addition, it was shown that the lab-scale MBR system operated successfully, treating a high-strength synthetic municipal wastewater, as high removals were observed in terms of both organics and especially of ammonium removal (over 98%).
{"title":"The use of bio-carriers and zeolite in a lab-scale MBR for membrane fouling mitigation","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002546","url":null,"abstract":"The Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) technology offers a series of environmentally-friendly advantages, such as high quality effluent, pathogens removal capacity and avoided use of chemicals for disinfection, allowing it to be regarded as an environmentally friendly technology, when applied for wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling still remains a major drawback, preventing its widespread application for municipal or industrial wastewater treatment. The use of additives (i.e. adsorbents, bio-carriers etc.) is considered to be among the major strategies implemented for membrane fouling control over the last few years. The present work examines the influence of bio-carriers addition, as well as of zeolite powder on the reversible and irreversible membrane fouling of a lab-scale MBR. High-strength synthetic municipal wastewater (with BOD5 around 1000 mg/L) was fed as the substrate for the activated sludge process and a flat-sheet microfiltration membrane was operated for solids (biomass) - liquid separation at the flux of 17 L/m2h. The obtained results showed that the addition of zeolite contributed mainly to the alleviation of irreversible fouling, leaving the reversible fouling practically unaffected, while the addition of bio-carriers had quite the opposite effect. In addition, it was shown that the lab-scale MBR system operated successfully, treating a high-strength synthetic municipal wastewater, as high removals were observed in terms of both organics and especially of ammonium removal (over 98%). \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83790195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study is to review the role of phosphorus in fertilizers, emphasizing in phosphate rock which is the primary source for phosphate fertilizer, with reference to harmful heavy metals as a consequence of their use. Simultaneously, this study examined the use of P-Adsorption agents as a potential application in agriculture, as the adsorbed phosphorus can be used as fertilizer or enriching soil conditioners. Therefore, it is generated a sustainable cycle taking into account a renewable resource-based Phosphorus Adsorption Agent (P-AA) leading to environmental protection and conservation of natural resources. Finally, this study highlighted new aspects that support P bioavailability of Humic-metal-P (HMP) in soils, correlating with novel materials in water purification.
{"title":"Novel composite materials as P-adsorption agents and their potential application as fertilizers","authors":"M. Zamparas","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002752","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to review the role of phosphorus in fertilizers, emphasizing in phosphate rock which is the primary source for phosphate fertilizer, with reference to harmful heavy metals as a consequence of their use. Simultaneously, this study examined the use of P-Adsorption agents as a potential application in agriculture, as the adsorbed phosphorus can be used as fertilizer or enriching soil conditioners. Therefore, it is generated a sustainable cycle taking into account a renewable resource-based Phosphorus Adsorption Agent (P-AA) leading to environmental protection and conservation of natural resources. Finally, this study highlighted new aspects that support P bioavailability of Humic-metal-P (HMP) in soils, correlating with novel materials in water purification. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75959735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green Chemistry is a philosophy of chemical research and application that encourages the design of appropriate products/ processes in order to minimize the use and production of hazardous chemicals. Green Chemistry involves the application of new, milder synthetic pathways, the avoidance of toxic solvents’ use, the use of alternative sources of raw materials, the prevention of pollution, the design of environmental friendly products, the protection of workers’ health and the reduction of energy consumption. Wastewater treatment plants consume significant amounts of energy for collection, transport, processing and final disposal of water and by-products. Attempting to reduce the respective energy costs, energy recovery is an attractive alternative, as liquid wastes considered to contain significant amounts of energy. In addition, many technologies have been developed recently to recover useful materials from liquid wastes (phosphorus is a typical example). In 2012, the EU-28 Member States discarded 2.5 billion ton of wastes, of which 4% was classified as hazardous, hence immediate and environmental friendly solutions are requested. The need to record and report the Environmental Footprint of an enterprise/industry becomes imperative. The adoption of green practices can act as catalyst to improve the processes of an enterprise, to reduce the cost of products and to maintain an environmental responsible attitude.
{"title":"“Cycle closure” in waste management: tools, procedures and examples","authors":"Anastasios Zoumpoulis, E. Peleka","doi":"10.30955/GNJ.002679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/GNJ.002679","url":null,"abstract":"Green Chemistry is a philosophy of chemical research and application that encourages the design of appropriate products/ processes in order to minimize the use and production of hazardous chemicals. Green Chemistry involves the application of new, milder synthetic pathways, the avoidance of toxic solvents’ use, the use of alternative sources of raw materials, the prevention of pollution, the design of environmental friendly products, the protection of workers’ health and the reduction of energy consumption. Wastewater treatment plants consume significant amounts of energy for collection, transport, processing and final disposal of water and by-products. Attempting to reduce the respective energy costs, energy recovery is an attractive alternative, as liquid wastes considered to contain significant amounts of energy. In addition, many technologies have been developed recently to recover useful materials from liquid wastes (phosphorus is a typical example). In 2012, the EU-28 Member States discarded 2.5 billion ton of wastes, of which 4% was classified as hazardous, hence immediate and environmental friendly solutions are requested. The need to record and report the Environmental Footprint of an enterprise/industry becomes imperative. The adoption of green practices can act as catalyst to improve the processes of an enterprise, to reduce the cost of products and to maintain an environmental responsible attitude. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82447840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Amvrakikos Bay is one of the most important ecosystems in the Mediterranean with great environmental, ecological and biological value. However, over the years, water quality has suffered severe degradation and is now one of the most polluted environmental areas in Greece. In the present study, using the analytical data of concentrations of precipitated metal deposits at the bottom of Amvrakikos Gulf, at its three largest lagoons: Logaros, Tsoukalio and Rodia, and by applying the indicators PLI, Igeo and EF, an assessment of the level of pollution of the area was made. The use of these indicators may show the degree of pollution of the area with heavy metals, and reveal the source of pollution i,e. whether the heavy metals are of anthropogenic or of natural processes, assessing simultaneously the degree of anthropogenic effect. Based on the PLI indicator, the marine zone in Menidi and Paliovarka as well as the Rodia and Tsoukalio lagoons are considered to be polluted. According to the Igeo Index, the sampling areas are unchanged to slightly burden by heavy metals. The largest charge is caused by Ni, followed by Mn and Pb. Based on EF, the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, Pb and Ni are significantly influenced by the various anthropogenic activities.
{"title":"Geochemical investigations regarding the variability of metal pollution in the Amvrakikos Bay, Greece.","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002733","url":null,"abstract":"The Amvrakikos Bay is one of the most important ecosystems in the Mediterranean with great environmental, ecological and biological value. However, over the years, water quality has suffered severe degradation and is now one of the most polluted environmental areas in Greece. In the present study, using the analytical data of concentrations of precipitated metal deposits at the bottom of Amvrakikos Gulf, at its three largest lagoons: Logaros, Tsoukalio and Rodia, and by applying the indicators PLI, Igeo and EF, an assessment of the level of pollution of the area was made. The use of these indicators may show the degree of pollution of the area with heavy metals, and reveal the source of pollution i,e. whether the heavy metals are of anthropogenic or of natural processes, assessing simultaneously the degree of anthropogenic effect. Based on the PLI indicator, the marine zone in Menidi and Paliovarka as well as the Rodia and Tsoukalio lagoons are considered to be polluted. According to the Igeo Index, the sampling areas are unchanged to slightly burden by heavy metals. The largest charge is caused by Ni, followed by Mn and Pb. Based on EF, the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, Pb and Ni are significantly influenced by the various anthropogenic activities. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84712136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil pollution was simulated by means of artificial heavy metal enrichment, in the presence of treated wastewater, and its effect on the growth characteristics of Beta vulgaris L. (red beets) i.e. on the dry matter yield, and on beet quality expressed in terms of dry matter heavy metal, nitrogen and crude protein content, was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment. Twelve treatment combinations of heavy metals mixtures composed of Zn, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb, with each one metal participating in the mixture at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 mg.kg-1 were applied, respectively. It was found that the increase of soil DTPA extractable heavy metal concentrations reflecting high soil pollution, decreased statistically significantly the beet dry matter (dm) yield, but increased the metal and the , the nitrogen concentrations, and consequently, contributed statistisically significantly to the increase of beet crude protein yield.
{"title":"Simulation of soil heavy metal pollution environmental stress on plant growth characteristics in the presence of wastewater","authors":"D. Papaioannou","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002758","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pollution was simulated by means of artificial heavy metal enrichment, in the presence of treated wastewater, and its effect on the growth characteristics of Beta vulgaris L. (red beets) i.e. on the dry matter yield, and on beet quality expressed in terms of dry matter heavy metal, nitrogen and crude protein content, was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment. Twelve treatment combinations of heavy metals mixtures composed of Zn, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb, with each one metal participating in the mixture at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 mg.kg-1 were applied, respectively. It was found that the increase of soil DTPA extractable heavy metal concentrations reflecting high soil pollution, decreased statistically significantly the beet dry matter (dm) yield, but increased the metal and the , the nitrogen concentrations, and consequently, contributed statistisically significantly to the increase of beet crude protein yield. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"31 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83716133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.31920/2516-2713/2018/v1n1a2
Babatunde Onikoyi
The new wave of Nollywood is largely defined by the operations and vibrant undertakings of young and serious minded filmmakers in Nigeria. This crop of filmmakers are determined to take over the industry by producing film and movies that possess the much desired lasting substance. These filmmakers are those who Jonathan Haynes has referred to as the “New Nollywood” filmmakers (Haynes, 2014) that gradually emerged with the coming of age of Kunle Afolayan’s The Figurine (2010). Niyi Akinmolayan, a film director and producer is a typical example of this group of filmmakers, whose filmic oeuvre is beginning to attract global attention and significance. In this interview, I engage the cineaste in a discussion that centres on him and permeate the universe of his works. I concentrate on his background and steady rise and development, his philosophy about film in general, and then Nollywood. I tackle him on the development of the various film technologies that have defined the Nigerian cinema. The conversation takes us through particular areas of film apparatuses such as storytelling, film narratives, directors, cinemas films, home videos, audience matter and pioneers of the industries, with reference to those who are unknown and that have influenced this visual creator at Anthills Studio.
{"title":"The developing new wave of Nollywood : a conversation with Niyi Akinmolayan","authors":"Babatunde Onikoyi","doi":"10.31920/2516-2713/2018/v1n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-2713/2018/v1n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"The new wave of Nollywood is largely defined by the operations and vibrant undertakings of young and serious minded filmmakers in Nigeria. This crop of filmmakers are determined to take over the industry by producing film and movies that possess the much desired lasting substance. These filmmakers are those who Jonathan Haynes has referred to as the “New Nollywood” filmmakers (Haynes, 2014) that gradually emerged with the coming of age of Kunle Afolayan’s The Figurine (2010). Niyi Akinmolayan, a film director and producer is a typical example of this group of filmmakers, whose filmic oeuvre is beginning to attract global attention and significance. In this interview, I engage the cineaste in a discussion that centres on him and permeate the universe of his works. I concentrate on his background and steady rise and development, his philosophy about film in general, and then Nollywood. I tackle him on the development of the various film technologies that have defined the Nigerian cinema. The conversation takes us through particular areas of film apparatuses such as storytelling, film narratives, directors, cinemas films, home videos, audience matter and pioneers of the industries, with reference to those who are unknown and that have influenced this visual creator at Anthills Studio.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79589669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.31920/2516-2713/2018/V1N1A4
Lekan Balogun
This essay utilises two different but related concepts: “poetics and politics of literary memory” by Lars Eckstein and “adaptation” by Linda Hutcheon, to examine Yoruba narrative convention, characterisation and the “spirituality of Being and object(s)” in two films, Saworoide (1999) and The Narrow Path (2006), by the Nigerian filmmaker, Tunde Kelani, who has distinguished himself as one of the leading contemporary Nigerian and African cinema icons and storytellers. The essay argues that as one of the most significant voices in Nollywood, the history of film and cinema in Nigeria and beyond, Kelani has not only turned the adaptation of materials from page to screen into an art and a veritable source of history, he has also shown ways in which the process functions as the recollection of the fading glorious past of his race. In order to achieve its aim, the essay is divided into two parts: the first part examines the cultural and political considerations of memory and the aesthetics of adaptation in relation to Kelani’s body of works, and the second part discusses the two films by drawing from arguments that are developed in the first part.
{"title":"Poetics of mnemonic strategy : the art of adaptation and the spirituality of being & things in Tunde Kelani’s Saworoide and The Narrow Path","authors":"Lekan Balogun","doi":"10.31920/2516-2713/2018/V1N1A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-2713/2018/V1N1A4","url":null,"abstract":"This essay utilises two different but related concepts: “poetics and politics of literary memory” by Lars Eckstein and “adaptation” by Linda Hutcheon, to examine Yoruba narrative convention, characterisation and the “spirituality of Being and object(s)” in two films, Saworoide (1999) and The Narrow Path (2006), by the Nigerian filmmaker, Tunde Kelani, who has distinguished himself as one of the leading contemporary Nigerian and African cinema icons and storytellers. The essay argues that as one of the most significant voices in Nollywood, the history of film and cinema in Nigeria and beyond, Kelani has not only turned the adaptation of materials from page to screen into an art and a veritable source of history, he has also shown ways in which the process functions as the recollection of the fading glorious past of his race. In order to achieve its aim, the essay is divided into two parts: the first part examines the cultural and political considerations of memory and the aesthetics of adaptation in relation to Kelani’s body of works, and the second part discusses the two films by drawing from arguments that are developed in the first part.","PeriodicalId":23712,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4 Issue 1","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79162712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.31920/2516-2713/2018/V1N1A5
Limakatso Pepenene, Ntsele Radebe
Kalosi Ramakhula is the producer of Moshoeshoe: The Mountain King Volumes 1, 2 and 3, a series of videofilms which narrate the history of Lesotho in the 19th century. His production emerges as a rewriting of history in a context where historical documentation is predominantly authored by historians and ethnographers who complement their research through oral resources. Ramakhula uses a unique approach which incorporates visual art by way of historical paintings created to accomplish a coherent mixture with the established print, sound and vision media of documentary cinema. He collaborates with contemporary Basotho artists commissioned to produce elaborate naturalistic paintings of historical significant characters, sites, events and social practices of the period being depicted. Through an exploration of the concepts of multimodality and intermediality, the article uses a semiotic analysis of selected paintings to examine the multiple layers of potential meanings communicated by the film-maker. We argue that Ramakhula’s retelling strategy explicitly creates a link with the experience of nation building in the past and the present. The paintings are a significantly expressive form of media in this regard, creating a consciousness of Bosotho-ness as the one concept that in principle remains constant despite transformation over the centuries. Ramakhula’s work is seen therefore, as having the potential to create space for negotiations around contemporary debates on nation building in Lesotho.
Kalosi Ramakhula是Moshoeshoe: the Mountain King卷1、2和3的制片人，这是一系列讲述19世纪莱索托历史的视频电影。他的作品是在历史文献主要由历史学家和民族学家撰写的背景下对历史的重写，他们通过口头资源补充他们的研究。Ramakhula采用了一种独特的方法，通过创造历史绘画来融合视觉艺术，以实现与纪录片电影的既定印刷，声音和视觉媒体的连贯混合。他与当代巴索托艺术家合作，制作精致的自然主义绘画，描绘历史上重要的人物、地点、事件和社会实践。通过对多模态和中间性概念的探索，本文对选定的画作进行符号学分析，以考察电影制作人传达的多层潜在意义。我们认为，罗摩修拉的复述策略明确地与过去和现在的国家建设经验建立了联系。在这方面，绘画是一种极具表现力的媒体形式，创造了一种bosothoness的意识，作为一个概念，尽管经历了几个世纪的变革，原则上仍然保持不变。因此，拉马库拉的作品被视为有可能为围绕莱索托国家建设的当代辩论创造谈判空间。
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