Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.558571
Tamás Király, Z. Karácsonyi
The purpose of this research is to test Norway spruce specimens with different growth ring orientations weakened by edge-notch until failure. In the experiments the specimens were subjected to 3-point bending, tension and compression tests. In addition, failure mode during loading is investigated using a high-resolution camera. Based on the measurement results the correlation between latewood ratio, ultimate force, ultimate elongation/deflection, calculated moduli, growth ring orientation and diameter of the growth ring at the edge-notch were obtained. Based on the population data of the three tests conducted, only one parameter pair, namely the ratio of latewood to calculated modulus, influences the measurement results to almost the same extent. The other parameter pairs show different values and correlations.
{"title":"FRACTURE TESTING OF EDGE-NOTCHED TIMBER BEAMS WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH RING ORIENTATIONS","authors":"Tamás Király, Z. Karácsonyi","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.558571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.558571","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to test Norway spruce specimens with different growth ring orientations weakened by edge-notch until failure. In the experiments the specimens were subjected to 3-point bending, tension and compression tests. In addition, failure mode during loading is investigated using a high-resolution camera. Based on the measurement results the correlation between latewood ratio, ultimate force, ultimate elongation/deflection, calculated moduli, growth ring orientation and diameter of the growth ring at the edge-notch were obtained. Based on the population data of the three tests conducted, only one parameter pair, namely the ratio of latewood to calculated modulus, influences the measurement results to almost the same extent. The other parameter pairs show different values and correlations.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.532546
Dénes Horváth, S. Fehér, M. Báder
This study is the continuation of the first part (Horváth et al. 2023), in which density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of 100 oak lamellae generated as small-sized production waste were investigated. In this part of the study series, the classification of our sample set is carried out according to the EN 338. A visual pre-grading is presented, to remove the worst specimens and achieve a better final result and a standardized visual grading is also shown. Our results are compared with literature values of clear specimens as well. Amount of 80% of the specimens were found to be suitable for further structural use. The total sample set is classified in strength class D35 (average density 712.6±72.5 kg/m3; average MoRadj 65.4±16.2 MPa; average MoEadj 13.4±3.1 GPa), while the visually pre-graded part with better average test results is classified in strength class D45. Industrial wood residues contain a sufficiently high proportion of elements for further processing, so that after sorting it can be used as raw material for glued-laminated load-bearing timber.
{"title":"THE POTENTIAL OF PRODUCING HIGH ADDED VALUE STRUCTURAL TIMBER FROM LAMELLAE WASTE. CLASSIFICATION AND VISUAL GRADING","authors":"Dénes Horváth, S. Fehér, M. Báder","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.532546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.532546","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the continuation of the first part (Horváth et al. 2023), in which density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of 100 oak lamellae generated as small-sized production waste were investigated. In this part of the study series, the classification of our sample set is carried out according to the EN 338. A visual pre-grading is presented, to remove the worst specimens and achieve a better final result and a standardized visual grading is also shown. Our results are compared with literature values of clear specimens as well. Amount of 80% of the specimens were found to be suitable for further structural use. The total sample set is classified in strength class D35 (average density 712.6±72.5 kg/m3; average MoRadj 65.4±16.2 MPa; average MoEadj 13.4±3.1 GPa), while the visually pre-graded part with better average test results is classified in strength class D45. Industrial wood residues contain a sufficiently high proportion of elements for further processing, so that after sorting it can be used as raw material for glued-laminated load-bearing timber.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49335365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.547557
P. Rantuch, J. Martinka, Tomáš Štefko, Igor Wachter, Mária Zuzana Bednáriková
Since the methods based on the interaction of a relatively low intensity flame on the lignocellulose sample surface often do not allow measuring the heat release rate (HRR), a procedure using oxygen consumption calorimetry was proposed. The method was applied to OSB samples with dimensions of 320 mm x 140 mm x 25 mm placed in a vertical position. During the measurement, in addition to the HRR, the production of smoke, which was significant after stopping the burner, was also monitored. The average net value of HRR at burner outputs of 3 kW, 4 kW and 5 kW was 2.339 kW and the smoke specific extinction area was in the range of 10.88 m2.kg-1 and 13.19 m2.kg-1.
由于基于木质纤维素样品表面上相对低强度火焰相互作用的方法通常不允许测量热释放率（HRR），因此提出了使用耗氧量热法的程序。该方法应用于放置在垂直位置的尺寸为320 mm x 140 mm x 25 mm的OSB样品。在测量过程中，除了HRR之外，还监测了燃烧器停止后显著的烟雾产生。在3 kW、4 kW和5 kW的燃烧器输出下，HRR的平均净值为2.339 kW，烟比消光面积在10.88 m2.kg-1和13.19 m2.kg--1范围内。
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BURNING OF ORIENTED STRAND BOARDS EXPOSED TO FLAME","authors":"P. Rantuch, J. Martinka, Tomáš Štefko, Igor Wachter, Mária Zuzana Bednáriková","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.547557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.547557","url":null,"abstract":"Since the methods based on the interaction of a relatively low intensity flame on the lignocellulose sample surface often do not allow measuring the heat release rate (HRR), a procedure using oxygen consumption calorimetry was proposed. The method was applied to OSB samples with dimensions of 320 mm x 140 mm x 25 mm placed in a vertical position. During the measurement, in addition to the HRR, the production of smoke, which was significant after stopping the burner, was also monitored. The average net value of HRR at burner outputs of 3 kW, 4 kW and 5 kW was 2.339 kW and the smoke specific extinction area was in the range of 10.88 m2.kg-1 and 13.19 m2.kg-1.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49585855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.582591
Marcelo Moreira da Costa, Rodrigo Fraga DE ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza ANGELETTI NUNES, Ricardo DE CARVALHO BITTENCOURT, Larissa SOARES SILVA, Cassiano Rodrigues de Oliveira, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, S. R. Valverde
In this study, pulps of the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper were produced through the chemi-thermo mechanical pulping process, which had their morphological and mechanical properties compared with industrially produced Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The total yields of the pulping processes were 71.3 and 77.0% for the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper, respectively. The higher basic density presented by the biomass of the Dendrocalamus asper species can lead to a high productivity. Both bamboo species led to pulps with higher mechanical properties compared to industrial Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The pulp of Bambusa vulgaris stood out in terms of mechanical properties, reaching a higher level of mechanical properties with less energy spent on refining, being indicated for the production of papers for applications where high tensile index is required. Dendrocalamus asper pulp proved to be more suitable for applications, in which high liquid absorption capacity is required due to its high bulk.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE CHEMI-THERMO MECHANICAL PULPING FROM EUCALYPTUS SPP., BAMBUSA VULGARIS AND DENDROCALAMUS ASPER","authors":"Marcelo Moreira da Costa, Rodrigo Fraga DE ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza ANGELETTI NUNES, Ricardo DE CARVALHO BITTENCOURT, Larissa SOARES SILVA, Cassiano Rodrigues de Oliveira, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, S. R. Valverde","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.582591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.582591","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, pulps of the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper were produced through the chemi-thermo mechanical pulping process, which had their morphological and mechanical properties compared with industrially produced Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The total yields of the pulping processes were 71.3 and 77.0% for the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper, respectively. The higher basic density presented by the biomass of the Dendrocalamus asper species can lead to a high productivity. Both bamboo species led to pulps with higher mechanical properties compared to industrial Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The pulp of Bambusa vulgaris stood out in terms of mechanical properties, reaching a higher level of mechanical properties with less energy spent on refining, being indicated for the production of papers for applications where high tensile index is required. Dendrocalamus asper pulp proved to be more suitable for applications, in which high liquid absorption capacity is required due to its high bulk.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.444454
M. Gunes, M. Altunok
In this study, the changes in bending strength were investigated by applying heat-treatment to laminated beams modified with acorn tannin to improve the mechanical properties of wooden load-bearing structural members. For this purpose, acorn tannin was impregnated on samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods. Heat treatment was applied to the samples impregnated with acorn tannin at 150ºC for 3 hours. Untreated, heat-treated, and tannin-modified samples were conditioned until they reached constant weight at 20ºC at 65% relative humidity (RH), 40ºC at 35% RH, and 10ºC at 50% RH. Bending resistance tests were applied to the elements that are conditioned in outdoor conditions according to ISO 13061-3. The results of bilateral interaction between tree species and treatment type were compared, the highest bending strength increase was found in Scotch pine samples by 5% compared to control samples.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF BENDING STRENGTH OF TANNIN IMPREGNATED WOODEN BEAMS AFTER HEAT TREATMENT","authors":"M. Gunes, M. Altunok","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.444454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.444454","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the changes in bending strength were investigated by applying heat-treatment to laminated beams modified with acorn tannin to improve the mechanical properties of wooden load-bearing structural members. For this purpose, acorn tannin was impregnated on samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods. Heat treatment was applied to the samples impregnated with acorn tannin at 150ºC for 3 hours. Untreated, heat-treated, and tannin-modified samples were conditioned until they reached constant weight at 20ºC at 65% relative humidity (RH), 40ºC at 35% RH, and 10ºC at 50% RH. Bending resistance tests were applied to the elements that are conditioned in outdoor conditions according to ISO 13061-3. The results of bilateral interaction between tree species and treatment type were compared, the highest bending strength increase was found in Scotch pine samples by 5% compared to control samples.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47688481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.502520
Sumanta Das, Miroslav Gašparík, A. Sethy, P. Niemz, R. Lagaňa, Tomáš Kytka, M. Sviták, Gourav Kamboj
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) CLT is an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications, but its fabrication and use are limited to softwood only. The suitability of aspen (Populus tremula L) wood for manufacturing CLT was assessed by using two adhesives, one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) and melamine adhesive (ME). Physical properties like water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), delamination, and mechanical properties like bond shear strength, bending modulus of elasticity, bending strength, and rolling shear strength were evaluated to examine its suitability. Compared to ME-bonded CLT, 1C-PUR bonded CLT panels displayed superior physical characteristics, with 70% passing the delamination test. CLT panels bonded with 1C-PUR adhesive also have better mechanical properties than ME-bonded CLT. CLT panels experienced three types of bending failure: rolling shear, delamination, and tension. Aspen CLT has similar or higher mechanical properties than traditional softwoods, making it suitable for CLT manufacturing.
{"title":"SUITABILITY OF ASPEN (POPULUS TREMULA L.) FOR CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)","authors":"Sumanta Das, Miroslav Gašparík, A. Sethy, P. Niemz, R. Lagaňa, Tomáš Kytka, M. Sviták, Gourav Kamboj","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.502520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.502520","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-laminated timber (CLT) CLT is an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications, but its fabrication and use are limited to softwood only. The suitability of aspen (Populus tremula L) wood for manufacturing CLT was assessed by using two adhesives, one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) and melamine adhesive (ME). Physical properties like water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), delamination, and mechanical properties like bond shear strength, bending modulus of elasticity, bending strength, and rolling shear strength were evaluated to examine its suitability. Compared to ME-bonded CLT, 1C-PUR bonded CLT panels displayed superior physical characteristics, with 70% passing the delamination test. CLT panels bonded with 1C-PUR adhesive also have better mechanical properties than ME-bonded CLT. CLT panels experienced three types of bending failure: rolling shear, delamination, and tension. Aspen CLT has similar or higher mechanical properties than traditional softwoods, making it suitable for CLT manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46172749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.413424
Y. Mori, Mio Nakajima, Akihiro Ishida, Noboru Ito, Y. Kurata, K. Shimizu, Y. Katayama, M. Kiguchi, K. Yamashita, Takeshi Fujiwara, M. Tonosaki
The chemical composition and variations in chemical structure of hemicellulose in earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of two individual Japanese cedar trees (C-Boka and T-Boka) were investigated. The trees were cultivated under different growth conditions: C-Boka grew slowly in a forest, while T-Boka grew rapidly in a location rich in nutrients and sunshine. For the chemical structure of hemicellulose, arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) showed varied side-chain substitution rates with glucuronic acid and different molecular weights in the transition between EW and LW. In contrast, the fundamental composition of glucomannan/galactoglucomannan (GM/GGM) was relatively unchanged between EW and LW. The modification of AGX and GM/GGM from EW to LW differed between C-Boka and T-Boka and might be influenced by the growth rate of the trees.
{"title":"CHANGES IN HEMICELLULOSE STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSITION FROM EARLYWOOD TO LATEWOOD AT JUVENILE WOOD IN CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA","authors":"Y. Mori, Mio Nakajima, Akihiro Ishida, Noboru Ito, Y. Kurata, K. Shimizu, Y. Katayama, M. Kiguchi, K. Yamashita, Takeshi Fujiwara, M. Tonosaki","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.413424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.413424","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical composition and variations in chemical structure of hemicellulose in earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of two individual Japanese cedar trees (C-Boka and T-Boka) were investigated. The trees were cultivated under different growth conditions: C-Boka grew slowly in a forest, while T-Boka grew rapidly in a location rich in nutrients and sunshine. For the chemical structure of hemicellulose, arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) showed varied side-chain substitution rates with glucuronic acid and different molecular weights in the transition between EW and LW. In contrast, the fundamental composition of glucomannan/galactoglucomannan (GM/GGM) was relatively unchanged between EW and LW. The modification of AGX and GM/GGM from EW to LW differed between C-Boka and T-Boka and might be influenced by the growth rate of the trees.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.592599
Fatimah Ayu Warahapsari, G. Lukmandaru, Masendra, A. Fernandes
A chemotaxonomic study on the resins of Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga, and Shorea hopeifolia was conducted. The dichloromethane extracts were separated into neutral and acidic fractions and then analyzed using GC-MS. The neutral fraction analysis revealed that spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, aromadendrene oxide, and isoaromadendrene epoxide were the major constituents in all three species. Furthermore, the main compound in the neutral fraction of Shorea hopeifolia was isocaryophyllene which was undetected in the other two species. The major constituent of the acidic fraction of the three species was hexadecanoic acid, while pentadecanoic acid was the major constituent in the acidic fraction of Shorea pinanga and Shorea hopeifolia. Therefore, the presence of sesquiterpenes as well as fatty acids in S. macrophylla, S. pinanga, and S. hopeifolia was discovered to be a marker for identifying the genus Shorea.
{"title":"SHORT NOTES: A CHEMOTAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE RESINS FROM THREE DIPTEROCARP SPECIES (Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga, and Shorea hopeifolia)","authors":"Fatimah Ayu Warahapsari, G. Lukmandaru, Masendra, A. Fernandes","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.592599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.592599","url":null,"abstract":"A chemotaxonomic study on the resins of Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga, and Shorea hopeifolia was conducted. The dichloromethane extracts were separated into neutral and acidic fractions and then analyzed using GC-MS. The neutral fraction analysis revealed that spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, aromadendrene oxide, and isoaromadendrene epoxide were the major constituents in all three species. Furthermore, the main compound in the neutral fraction of Shorea hopeifolia was isocaryophyllene which was undetected in the other two species. The major constituent of the acidic fraction of the three species was hexadecanoic acid, while pentadecanoic acid was the major constituent in the acidic fraction of Shorea pinanga and Shorea hopeifolia. Therefore, the presence of sesquiterpenes as well as fatty acids in S. macrophylla, S. pinanga, and S. hopeifolia was discovered to be a marker for identifying the genus Shorea.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.521531
H. Seidu, R. Németh, F. Owusu, J. Korang, APPIAH-KUBI Emmanuel, J. Govina, Fath Alrhman A.A YOUNIS, Safia Ibrahim
To obtain the mechanical properties of plywood produced from six yearold hybrid Eucalyptus in Ghana was the objective of this research. The samples for the experiment were prepared and tested according to GS EN 326-1, GS EN 310, GS EN 314-1, and GS EN 314 -2. The data obtained were analysed using the factorial ANOVA analysis. The mean results obtained for the various treatments were MOE (6520 – 7638 N/mm2), MOR (53.29 – 60.56 N/mm2, shear strength (2.47 – 5.51 N/mm2), failure (72 -90%) and density (725 – 748 kg/m3). The orientation of the surface veneer caused variations among treatments whiles the adhesives PF and MUF largely did not cause any variations among treatments. This study has proven that it is possible to produce sufficiently strong and resistant plywood from the juvenile wood of eucalyptus.
本研究的目的是获得由加纳6年树龄杂交桉树生产的胶合板的力学性能。实验样品按照GS EN 326-1、GS EN 310、GS EN 314-1和GS EN 314 -2进行制备和测试。所得资料采用因子方差分析进行分析。不同处理的平均结果为MOE (6520 ~ 7638 N/mm2)、MOR (53.29 ~ 60.56 N/mm2)、抗剪强度(2.47 ~ 5.51 N/mm2)、破坏率(72 ~ 90%)和密度(725 ~ 748 kg/m3)。胶粘剂PF和MUF在处理间基本无差异，而表面贴面的取向会引起不同处理间的差异。这项研究已经证明，用桉树幼木生产足够坚固和耐药的胶合板是可能的。
{"title":"MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PF AND MUF BONDED JUVENILE HYBRID EUCALYPTUS PLYWOODS PRODUCED IN GHANA","authors":"H. Seidu, R. Németh, F. Owusu, J. Korang, APPIAH-KUBI Emmanuel, J. Govina, Fath Alrhman A.A YOUNIS, Safia Ibrahim","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.521531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.521531","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain the mechanical properties of plywood produced from six yearold hybrid Eucalyptus in Ghana was the objective of this research. The samples for the experiment were prepared and tested according to GS EN 326-1, GS EN 310, GS EN 314-1, and GS EN 314 -2. The data obtained were analysed using the factorial ANOVA analysis. The mean results obtained for the various treatments were MOE (6520 – 7638 N/mm2), MOR (53.29 – 60.56 N/mm2, shear strength (2.47 – 5.51 N/mm2), failure (72 -90%) and density (725 – 748 kg/m3). The orientation of the surface veneer caused variations among treatments whiles the adhesives PF and MUF largely did not cause any variations among treatments. This study has proven that it is possible to produce sufficiently strong and resistant plywood from the juvenile wood of eucalyptus.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.2.279292
Karol Tomczak, P. Mania, Akradiusz Tomczak
This study assessed the quality of birch, beech, and oak for timber production on former agricultural land. All sample plots for the selected species had the same forest habitat type. All measured trees had already reached the age of felling. Thus, beech was over 120 years old, birch was over 70 years old, and oak was over 140 years old. On each plot, the same morphological features were measured for all trees: diameter at breast height, tree height, height of the first dead branch, height of the first live branch, and crown base. Based on collected data the length and percentage of the trunk suitable for industrial purposes were calculated. In general birch and beech trees from former agricultural land were higher, but had thinner trunks, when in oak reverse observation were noticed. Tree trunks from former agricultural lands have app. 7% shorter knots-free trunk section. The bigger different between forest and former agricultural land was noticed in case of the oak – 14%, then beech – 5% and birch – 1%. Considering the morphological characteristics of the trees and quality indicators, we showed that all species could be used for the afforestation of former agricultural lands to produce high-quality wood for future industrial purposes. However, it should be noticed, that in general calculated standing volume was lower on former agricultural land.
{"title":"QUALITY OF BEECH, BIRCH AND OAK WOOD FROM STANDS GROWING ON POST-AGRICULTURAL LANDS","authors":"Karol Tomczak, P. Mania, Akradiusz Tomczak","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.2.279292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.2.279292","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the quality of birch, beech, and oak for timber production on former agricultural land. All sample plots for the selected species had the same forest habitat type. All measured trees had already reached the age of felling. Thus, beech was over 120 years old, birch was over 70 years old, and oak was over 140 years old. On each plot, the same morphological features were measured for all trees: diameter at breast height, tree height, height of the first dead branch, height of the first live branch, and crown base. Based on collected data the length and percentage of the trunk suitable for industrial purposes were calculated. In general birch and beech trees from former agricultural land were higher, but had thinner trunks, when in oak reverse observation were noticed. Tree trunks from former agricultural lands have app. 7% shorter knots-free trunk section. The bigger different between forest and former agricultural land was noticed in case of the oak – 14%, then beech – 5% and birch – 1%. Considering the morphological characteristics of the trees and quality indicators, we showed that all species could be used for the afforestation of former agricultural lands to produce high-quality wood for future industrial purposes. However, it should be noticed, that in general calculated standing volume was lower on former agricultural land.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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