Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.423436
Kristýna Vopatová, K. Cábová
The paper presents an investigation on a timber joint with an inserted steel plate under fire exposure. According to standard EN 1995-1-2 (2004), the fire resistance of unprotected timber joints is limited to 30 min. However, several studies have shown that these joints can achieve higher fire resistance comparing to values given in the standard. In order to verify this, a numerical model of bolted steel-timber joint at elevated temperature was created. The presented model is focused on heat transport in the joint, which is affected by the presence of the steel plate and bolts. The model was validated on experimental results taken from literature and on measurement from a fire tests conducted in a medium-sized furnace. Considering the results of validation, the model has a good ability to predict residual cross-section, temperature of steel plate and bolts and temperature of timber elements. The results of validated numerical model are also compared to the analytical model.
{"title":"MODELLING OF STEEL TO TIMBER JOINT EXPOSED TO FIRE","authors":"Kristýna Vopatová, K. Cábová","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.423436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.423436","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an investigation on a timber joint with an inserted steel plate under fire exposure. According to standard EN 1995-1-2 (2004), the fire resistance of unprotected timber joints is limited to 30 min. However, several studies have shown that these joints can achieve higher fire resistance comparing to values given in the standard. In order to verify this, a numerical model of bolted steel-timber joint at elevated temperature was created. The presented model is focused on heat transport in the joint, which is affected by the presence of the steel plate and bolts. The model was validated on experimental results taken from literature and on measurement from a fire tests conducted in a medium-sized furnace. Considering the results of validation, the model has a good ability to predict residual cross-section, temperature of steel plate and bolts and temperature of timber elements. The results of validated numerical model are also compared to the analytical model.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49314011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pinus massoniana Lamb. wood particleboards processed by inorganic and organic fire retardants of two densities were prepared by isocyanate and MUF resin. Variations of internal bonding strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and thickness swelling rate (TS) of particleboard were observed. Results demonstrated decreasing of IB from 0.81 MPa to 0.42 MPa and 0.36 MPa, MOR from 17.3 MPa to 12.5 MPa and 12.3 MPa, MOE from 1840 MPa to 1328 MPa and 1117 MPa, and increasing of TS from 5.2% to 15.1% and 11.2%, respectively, for the treated MUF particleboards of density 0.65 g.cm-3. Similarly, decreasing of IB from 0.93 MPa to 0.66 MPa and 0.64 MPa, MOR from 16.2 MPa to 10.6 MPa and 12.1 MPa, MOE from 1246 MPa to 1573 MPa and 1466 MPa, and increasing of TS from 6.7% to 7.1% and 6.0%, respectively, when isocyanate adhesive was used. The similar changes were showed when the density of particleboard was 0.75 g.cm-3. Improving density of particleboard appropriately and decrease density difference between the surface to chip layers could make the profile density curve tend to be stable, which could get a relatively high mechanical strength and water resistance. Synergistic effects between isocyanate and fire retardants was confirmed. The particleboard prepared with isocyanate was obviously superior to that prepared with MUF resin in all performances.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WATER RESISTANCE OF PINUS MASSONIANA PARTICLEBOARD","authors":"Bengang Zhang, Liping Yu, Qiaoyan Zhang, D. Li, Yuan-Chan Tu, Jiankun Liang","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.411422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.411422","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus massoniana Lamb. wood particleboards processed by inorganic and organic fire retardants of two densities were prepared by isocyanate and MUF resin. Variations of internal bonding strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and thickness swelling rate (TS) of particleboard were observed. Results demonstrated decreasing of IB from 0.81 MPa to 0.42 MPa and 0.36 MPa, MOR from 17.3 MPa to 12.5 MPa and 12.3 MPa, MOE from 1840 MPa to 1328 MPa and 1117 MPa, and increasing of TS from 5.2% to 15.1% and 11.2%, respectively, for the treated MUF particleboards of density 0.65 g.cm-3. Similarly, decreasing of IB from 0.93 MPa to 0.66 MPa and 0.64 MPa, MOR from 16.2 MPa to 10.6 MPa and 12.1 MPa, MOE from 1246 MPa to 1573 MPa and 1466 MPa, and increasing of TS from 6.7% to 7.1% and 6.0%, respectively, when isocyanate adhesive was used. The similar changes were showed when the density of particleboard was 0.75 g.cm-3. Improving density of particleboard appropriately and decrease density difference between the surface to chip layers could make the profile density curve tend to be stable, which could get a relatively high mechanical strength and water resistance. Synergistic effects between isocyanate and fire retardants was confirmed. The particleboard prepared with isocyanate was obviously superior to that prepared with MUF resin in all performances.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41594814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.472487
B. Vimpolšek, Andrej Androjna, A. Lisec
Latest scientific findings and policy guidelines emphasize the importance of returning bio-based waste raw materials through cascading use, also including post-consumer wood (PCW). To accomplish the concept of cascading use it is crucial to properly sort PCW given by the quality of raw materials which is resource consuming process. For this purpose, we have (1) selected appropriate activities, (2) constructed a model with different sub models in time, fuel and energy consumption, and (3) defined the inputs, performed calculations and presented (mid) outputs. In the case study all sub models have been compared with each other, demonstrated on the example of Slovenia. The results show that the reuse of wood is justified and should be implemented to a greater extent. Sensitivity analysis has exposed that modifying the values of the input parameters or (mid) outputs may change the final results in time and fuel consumption among selected sub models.
{"title":"MODELLING OF POST–CONSUMER WOOD SORTING AND MANIPULATION: COMPUTATIONAL CONCEPTION AND CASE STUDY","authors":"B. Vimpolšek, Andrej Androjna, A. Lisec","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.472487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.472487","url":null,"abstract":"Latest scientific findings and policy guidelines emphasize the importance of returning bio-based waste raw materials through cascading use, also including post-consumer wood (PCW). To accomplish the concept of cascading use it is crucial to properly sort PCW given by the quality of raw materials which is resource consuming process. For this purpose, we have (1) selected appropriate activities, (2) constructed a model with different sub models in time, fuel and energy consumption, and (3) defined the inputs, performed calculations and presented (mid) outputs. In the case study all sub models have been compared with each other, demonstrated on the example of Slovenia. The results show that the reuse of wood is justified and should be implemented to a greater extent. Sensitivity analysis has exposed that modifying the values of the input parameters or (mid) outputs may change the final results in time and fuel consumption among selected sub models.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.437446
Chengshuo Sun, KANG ZHOU, Zirui Ren, Yutang Chen, B. Na
In this paper, wood-wool panel was prepared by steam pressing as opposed to the traditional cold-pressing and hot-pressing methods in order to eliminate the shortcomings of both methods. Cold pressed wood panels have low strength. The overall performance of heat pressed wood panel was poor. The water absorption of these two panels was too large. The steam pressing mechanism was studied by the means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The surface structure, moisture absorption and mechanical properties of wood-wool panel were investigated by experimental testing and numerical analysis. The surface structure of the wood-wool panel became stable, the moisture absorption was reduced, and the mechanical properties of the wood-wool panel were enhanced. The static bending strength of autoclaved wood-wool panel was 4% higher than that of cold-pressed wood-wool panel, and 7.4% higher than that of hot-pressed wood-wool panel. And the sound absorption coefficient increased by 6.3% and 5% respectively. The thermal conductivity was 2.4% lower than that of cold-pressed wood-wool panel.
{"title":"STEAM-PRESSING MECHANISM OF LOW DENSITY MAGNESIA-BONDED WOOD-WOOL PANEL","authors":"Chengshuo Sun, KANG ZHOU, Zirui Ren, Yutang Chen, B. Na","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.437446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.437446","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, wood-wool panel was prepared by steam pressing as opposed to the traditional cold-pressing and hot-pressing methods in order to eliminate the shortcomings of both methods. Cold pressed wood panels have low strength. The overall performance of heat pressed wood panel was poor. The water absorption of these two panels was too large. The steam pressing mechanism was studied by the means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The surface structure, moisture absorption and mechanical properties of wood-wool panel were investigated by experimental testing and numerical analysis. The surface structure of the wood-wool panel became stable, the moisture absorption was reduced, and the mechanical properties of the wood-wool panel were enhanced. The static bending strength of autoclaved wood-wool panel was 4% higher than that of cold-pressed wood-wool panel, and 7.4% higher than that of hot-pressed wood-wool panel. And the sound absorption coefficient increased by 6.3% and 5% respectively. The thermal conductivity was 2.4% lower than that of cold-pressed wood-wool panel.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.402410
K. Olaoye, E. Adelusi, O. Ajala
One of the limited information about the acoustic characteristics of wood is the timbre harmony. We measure the sound harmony of selected hardwood species using a timbre harmonic model. 324 wood samples of 20 x 20 x 300 mm (R x T x L) were collected axially from 12 trees of Albizia adianthifolia, Gmelina arborea, Delonix regia and Boscia anguistifolia for the experiment. Results were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The timbre harmonic model prescribed a scale of 0-1, 0 being the perfect harmonic while 1 represents imperfect harmonic. G. arborea wood had the significantly lowest mean timbre harmonic of 0.078 ± 0.006, thus it had the best sound harmony. Meanwhile, A. adianthifolia wood had the highest timbre harmonic value (0.120 ± 0.008). Conclusively, this study successfully measured the timbre harmonic of sound from selected hardwood species and information provided revealed the species all performed fairly, owing to their values closer to 0.00.
{"title":"TIMBRE HARMONIC OF SELECTED HARDWOOD SPECIES","authors":"K. Olaoye, E. Adelusi, O. Ajala","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.402410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.402410","url":null,"abstract":"One of the limited information about the acoustic characteristics of wood is the timbre harmony. We measure the sound harmony of selected hardwood species using a timbre harmonic model. 324 wood samples of 20 x 20 x 300 mm (R x T x L) were collected axially from 12 trees of Albizia adianthifolia, Gmelina arborea, Delonix regia and Boscia anguistifolia for the experiment. Results were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The timbre harmonic model prescribed a scale of 0-1, 0 being the perfect harmonic while 1 represents imperfect harmonic. G. arborea wood had the significantly lowest mean timbre harmonic of 0.078 ± 0.006, thus it had the best sound harmony. Meanwhile, A. adianthifolia wood had the highest timbre harmonic value (0.120 ± 0.008). Conclusively, this study successfully measured the timbre harmonic of sound from selected hardwood species and information provided revealed the species all performed fairly, owing to their values closer to 0.00.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.460471
Bo Li, Y. An
A roll tensioning process for circular saw blades with four typical body structures was built with the finite element method. After roll tensioning, the elastoplastic deformation behaviors of the four blades were simulated and tested and the effects of roll reduction displacement on flatness were analyzed. The abilities of the blades to withstand cutting temperature load after the roll tensioning process were compared. The theoretical results showed that each of the four circular saw blades with unique body structures had different process parameters in an appropriate tensioning state. Circular saw blades with different body structures showed variation in improvements of their ability to withstand cutting temperature load after an appropriate tensioning process.
{"title":"DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF CIRCULAR SAW BLADES WITH DIFFERENT BODY STRUCTURES AFTER ROLL TENSIONING","authors":"Bo Li, Y. An","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.460471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.460471","url":null,"abstract":"A roll tensioning process for circular saw blades with four typical body structures was built with the finite element method. After roll tensioning, the elastoplastic deformation behaviors of the four blades were simulated and tested and the effects of roll reduction displacement on flatness were analyzed. The abilities of the blades to withstand cutting temperature load after the roll tensioning process were compared. The theoretical results showed that each of the four circular saw blades with unique body structures had different process parameters in an appropriate tensioning state. Circular saw blades with different body structures showed variation in improvements of their ability to withstand cutting temperature load after an appropriate tensioning process.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.501510
Junfeng Hu, Xi Yu, Yafeng Zhao
Deep learning-based methods, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown their effectiveness for image classification. In this paper, vision transformer technology is used to classify the surface defects of processed bamboo, which can be more quick and accurate compared with the low efficiency of manual identification. In the first step, we replace the activation function from Gelu to Mish in the encoder part, but the classification performance is not satisfied. Then, to get a better classification results, we keep the original activation function and introduce the DropBlock. Compared with dropout, DropBlock can obtain better classification accuracy. Finally, compared with the results after transfer learning, it is proved that replacing dropout with DropBlock can improve the classification accuracy. The results on the bamboo chip datasets show that the accuracy of this method is 2% higher than the original transformer network whether using transfer learning.
{"title":"BAMBOO DEFECT CLASSIFICATION BASED ON IMPROVED TRANSFORMER NETWORK","authors":"Junfeng Hu, Xi Yu, Yafeng Zhao","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.501510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.3.501510","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning-based methods, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown their effectiveness for image classification. In this paper, vision transformer technology is used to classify the surface defects of processed bamboo, which can be more quick and accurate compared with the low efficiency of manual identification. In the first step, we replace the activation function from Gelu to Mish in the encoder part, but the classification performance is not satisfied. Then, to get a better classification results, we keep the original activation function and introduce the DropBlock. Compared with dropout, DropBlock can obtain better classification accuracy. Finally, compared with the results after transfer learning, it is proved that replacing dropout with DropBlock can improve the classification accuracy. The results on the bamboo chip datasets show that the accuracy of this method is 2% higher than the original transformer network whether using transfer learning.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, eight types of boron-based flame retardants were performed to evaluate theeffects of different boron components on the combustibility of the bamboo filaments. Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, boric acid/borax, and nano-ZnBO4were used as the active flame retardant components. Besides, other inorganic flame retardants including nano-SiO2and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were also introduced in order to increase the flame retardant of these boron-based components. The combustibility of the bamboo filaments treated with different flame retardants were evaluated by cone calorimeter analysis. Theresults showed that the flame retardants including the heat release and smoke release resistance of the bamboo filaments with different boron-based components and nano-SiO2or APP, could be significantly improved, especially, in the samples treated with the compound flame retardant composed of boric acid, borax and nano-SiO2, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of these flame retardant components.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERRENT BORON-BASED FLAME RETARDANTS ON THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF BAMBOO FILAMENTS","authors":"Caijuan Zhang, Hui-Ping Guo, Xinjie Zhou, Lili Yu, Hui Li, Zhibing Yang","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.221230.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.221230.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, eight types of boron-based flame retardants were performed to evaluate theeffects of different boron components on the combustibility of the bamboo filaments. Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, boric acid/borax, and nano-ZnBO4were used as the active flame retardant components. Besides, other inorganic flame retardants including nano-SiO2and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were also introduced in order to increase the flame retardant of these boron-based components. The combustibility of the bamboo filaments treated with different flame retardants were evaluated by cone calorimeter analysis. Theresults showed that the flame retardants including the heat release and smoke release resistance of the bamboo filaments with different boron-based components and nano-SiO2or APP, could be significantly improved, especially, in the samples treated with the compound flame retardant composed of boric acid, borax and nano-SiO2, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of these flame retardant components.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.280290
Arif Caglar Konukcu
The fracture behavior of southern yellow pine (Pinus taeda L.) was experimentally analyzed in the radial-longitudinal and the radial-tangential crack propagation systems using asingle-edge-notched bending test method in mode I loading condition. Three fracture parameters, the initial slope, the fracture toughness, and the specific fracture energy, were determined from the obtained load-deformation curves of each test sample. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with each other using the independent samples t-test. Theradial-longitudinal crack propagation system had a significantly greater fracture toughness than in the radial-tangential crack propagation system. The stiffness in the radial-longitudinal system was also significantly higher than in the radial-tangential system. It was observed that the crack growing in the tangential direction needed more energy per unit area to separate awood sample into two halves. However, there was no significant difference between thespecific fracture energy values of crack propagationsystems.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF MODE I FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) WOOD USING SINGLE-EDGE-NOTCHED BENDING TEST","authors":"Arif Caglar Konukcu","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.280290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.280290","url":null,"abstract":"The fracture behavior of southern yellow pine (Pinus taeda L.) was experimentally analyzed in the radial-longitudinal and the radial-tangential crack propagation systems using asingle-edge-notched bending test method in mode I loading condition. Three fracture parameters, the initial slope, the fracture toughness, and the specific fracture energy, were determined from the obtained load-deformation curves of each test sample. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with each other using the independent samples t-test. Theradial-longitudinal crack propagation system had a significantly greater fracture toughness than in the radial-tangential crack propagation system. The stiffness in the radial-longitudinal system was also significantly higher than in the radial-tangential system. It was observed that the crack growing in the tangential direction needed more energy per unit area to separate awood sample into two halves. However, there was no significant difference between thespecific fracture energy values of crack propagationsystems.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47137910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.241253
D. Dukarska, Jakub Kawalerczyk, Justyna Włodarczyk
The conducted study was aimed at finding the phenol-formaldehyde adhesive formulation containing both the nanoclay and the tannin filler which allows to manufacture water-resistant plywood characterized by the improved properties. The research assumed the application of six experimental variants having a different proportions of the mentioned components which were compared with the mixture prepared according to the industrial recipe. Properties of liquid mixtures such as their gelation time and viscosity were investigated. Moreover, thedifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed. The manufactured plywood panels were tested in terms of bonding quality, bending strength and modulus of elasticity. Studies have shown that after the adjustment in components proportions it is possible to achieve the proper viscosity level of adhesive mixtures. The results also indicated that thesuitable amount of nanoclay can contribute to the acceleration of resin gel time, however, the DSC analysis showed no effect on its reactivity. The nanoclay concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 pbw (parts by weight) per 100 g of adhesive positively influenced the bonding quality of plywood. Furthermore, there was no clear tendency in case of the effect of applied formulation on the modulus of elasticity and bending strength of plywood. The mixture containing 3 pbw of nanoclay and 5.3 pbw of tannin filler was distinguished as the most beneficial taking intoaccount the improvement in theproperties of manufactured plywood.
{"title":"PROPERTIES OF THE WATER-RESISTANT PLYWOOD GLUED WITH PF RESIN WITH THE ADDITION OF TANNIN FILLER AND NANOCLAY","authors":"D. Dukarska, Jakub Kawalerczyk, Justyna Włodarczyk","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.241253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.241253","url":null,"abstract":"The conducted study was aimed at finding the phenol-formaldehyde adhesive formulation containing both the nanoclay and the tannin filler which allows to manufacture water-resistant plywood characterized by the improved properties. The research assumed the application of six experimental variants having a different proportions of the mentioned components which were compared with the mixture prepared according to the industrial recipe. Properties of liquid mixtures such as their gelation time and viscosity were investigated. Moreover, thedifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed. The manufactured plywood panels were tested in terms of bonding quality, bending strength and modulus of elasticity. Studies have shown that after the adjustment in components proportions it is possible to achieve the proper viscosity level of adhesive mixtures. The results also indicated that thesuitable amount of nanoclay can contribute to the acceleration of resin gel time, however, the DSC analysis showed no effect on its reactivity. The nanoclay concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 pbw (parts by weight) per 100 g of adhesive positively influenced the bonding quality of plywood. Furthermore, there was no clear tendency in case of the effect of applied formulation on the modulus of elasticity and bending strength of plywood. The mixture containing 3 pbw of nanoclay and 5.3 pbw of tannin filler was distinguished as the most beneficial taking intoaccount the improvement in theproperties of manufactured plywood.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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