Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.213220
Thiti Wanishdilokratn, Siriluk Sukjareon, Itsaree Howpinjai, L. Asanok
This study compared steeping Leucaena leucocephala woodwith boron compounds andacetic acidto protect it from termites(Coptotermes gestroi).The experiment had acompletely randomized designwith 10 treatments involving three wood preservatives (acetic acid, boron compounds, and mixtures of both),three treatment lengths (1, 12, and 24 h),and untreated wood, with five replicates of each for a total of 50 conditions. The moisture content of thewood and the wood destroyed by termites were assessed. The L.leucocephalawood treated with boron compounds for 1 h resulted increase in moisture contentand no termite damage.
{"title":"ENHANCING LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA WOOD PRESERVATION BY STEEPING IT IN BORON COMPOUNDS AND ACETIC ACID TO PROTECT AGAINST TERMITES","authors":"Thiti Wanishdilokratn, Siriluk Sukjareon, Itsaree Howpinjai, L. Asanok","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.213220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.213220","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared steeping Leucaena leucocephala woodwith boron compounds andacetic acidto protect it from termites(Coptotermes gestroi).The experiment had acompletely randomized designwith 10 treatments involving three wood preservatives (acetic acid, boron compounds, and mixtures of both),three treatment lengths (1, 12, and 24 h),and untreated wood, with five replicates of each for a total of 50 conditions. The moisture content of thewood and the wood destroyed by termites were assessed. The L.leucocephalawood treated with boron compounds for 1 h resulted increase in moisture contentand no termite damage.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48850491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.302310
Sefa Durmaz
This study focused on the effect of wood flour content on some mechanical and physical properties of flat pressed wood plastic composites (WPC). The results revealed changes in thewood flour content affected the density of flat pressed WPC. Moreover, as exposure time increased, water absorption values were increased. The changes in the wood flour content considerably affected the mechanical properties of WPC. The decrease in the flexural strength reached up to 58%, while it was 61% for tensile strength. However, modulus of elasticity increased with increasing wood flour content. Meanwhile, the decrease was inevitable for screw withdrawal strength, where the increase in wood flour content resulted in a reduction of up to 50%. It was clearly determined that wood flour content above 60% evidently affects thephysical and mechanical properties of flat pressed WPC, which should be considered in theutilization areas where high mechanical properties are critical.
{"title":"EFFECT OF WOOD FLOUR CONTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF FLAT PRESSED WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES","authors":"Sefa Durmaz","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.302310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.302310","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the effect of wood flour content on some mechanical and physical properties of flat pressed wood plastic composites (WPC). The results revealed changes in thewood flour content affected the density of flat pressed WPC. Moreover, as exposure time increased, water absorption values were increased. The changes in the wood flour content considerably affected the mechanical properties of WPC. The decrease in the flexural strength reached up to 58%, while it was 61% for tensile strength. However, modulus of elasticity increased with increasing wood flour content. Meanwhile, the decrease was inevitable for screw withdrawal strength, where the increase in wood flour content resulted in a reduction of up to 50%. It was clearly determined that wood flour content above 60% evidently affects thephysical and mechanical properties of flat pressed WPC, which should be considered in theutilization areas where high mechanical properties are critical.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.198212
Wanwan Zhao, Liang Wen, Zhu Liu, Rui Liang, Yao-Li Zhang, Zhenhua Huang, L. Cai
This study initiallyinvestigated decay resistance of preservative injected poplar and its infection mechanismof preventing white rot fungi. The living poplar was injected with different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ). Using thescanning electron microscopy, the process of preservative injected poplar wood preventing white rot fungi infection at different tree heights were examined. The decay resistance test results showed that the decay resistance of preservative injected poplar at different tree heights was significantly different. With the increase in tree height, the decay resistance decreased, and the higher the ACQ concentration, the better the decay resistance. The white rot fungi infested the poplar wood with the vessels as the breakthrough point, being spread to other cells through pits. The white rot fungi degraded wood cell walls by secreting enzymes and preferentially degraded the parenchyma cells.
{"title":"DECAY RESISTANCE OF PRESERVATIVE INJECTED POPLAR AND ITS PROCESS OF PREVENTING WHITE ROT FUNGI INFECTION","authors":"Wanwan Zhao, Liang Wen, Zhu Liu, Rui Liang, Yao-Li Zhang, Zhenhua Huang, L. Cai","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.198212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.198212","url":null,"abstract":"This study initiallyinvestigated decay resistance of preservative injected poplar and its infection mechanismof preventing white rot fungi. The living poplar was injected with different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ). Using thescanning electron microscopy, the process of preservative injected poplar wood preventing white rot fungi infection at different tree heights were examined. The decay resistance test results showed that the decay resistance of preservative injected poplar at different tree heights was significantly different. With the increase in tree height, the decay resistance decreased, and the higher the ACQ concentration, the better the decay resistance. The white rot fungi infested the poplar wood with the vessels as the breakthrough point, being spread to other cells through pits. The white rot fungi degraded wood cell walls by secreting enzymes and preferentially degraded the parenchyma cells.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46469495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.326339
Bai Jue, Guan Huiyuan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact temperature and thermal comfort when the upper extremity touches a wooden table top, and to seek an efficient accurate simulation device instead of human testing. Therefore, three parts of this paper were conducted. First, 20 subjects were selected for the temperature test experiment. Secondly, theperceptual thermal comfort evaluation was quantified by recording the thermal comfort evaluation at aspecific moment. Finally, a device was developed to replace the human forearm for upper limb thermal comfort study. The results show that the ambient temperature, type and thickness of material all have significant effects on the local contact temperature. Interms of thermal comfort evaluation, the correlation between temperature and thermal comfort was significant. The simulation device in the study is not only simple to operate, but also can continuously and stably replace the heat transfer process of the upper limb.
{"title":"STUDY ON THERMAL COMFORT OF WOOD TABLETOP MATERIALS","authors":"Bai Jue, Guan Huiyuan","doi":"10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.326339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.326339","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact temperature and thermal comfort when the upper extremity touches a wooden table top, and to seek an efficient accurate simulation device instead of human testing. Therefore, three parts of this paper were conducted. First, 20 subjects were selected for the temperature test experiment. Secondly, theperceptual thermal comfort evaluation was quantified by recording the thermal comfort evaluation at aspecific moment. Finally, a device was developed to replace the human forearm for upper limb thermal comfort study. The results show that the ambient temperature, type and thickness of material all have significant effects on the local contact temperature. Interms of thermal comfort evaluation, the correlation between temperature and thermal comfort was significant. The simulation device in the study is not only simple to operate, but also can continuously and stably replace the heat transfer process of the upper limb.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43859717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bamboo filaments were treated with boric acid and borax (the mass ratio of 1:1, the concentration of 20%) with four different treatment methods including atmospheric immersion, cold and hot bath immersion, vacuum impregnation and vacuum-pressure impregnation. The different treatment methods on the boron loading were analyzed and the corresponding flame resistance of bamboo filaments were evaluated by the cone analysis. The results showed that suitable treatment method with optimized processing indexes, such as hot and cold bath immersion in the condition of 100°C/2 h and 20°C/2 h with 3 cycles, was more credible to accelerate the percentages of boron loading in the bamboo filaments, and the lowest result was found in the samples with vacuum impregnation. Compared to the untreated samples, the heat and smoke release would be decreased significantly, especially for the samples with the promising hot and cold treatment, and promising pressure treatment, attributed to the more stable boron fixed in the bamboo filaments.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FLAME RETARDANT TREATMENTS ON THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF BAMBOO FILAMENT","authors":"Chun-Yu Li, Xinjie Zhou, Chang-jiang Yang, Hui Li, Lili Yu, B. Fei","doi":"10.37763/WR.1336-4561/66.2.255266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/WR.1336-4561/66.2.255266","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo filaments were treated with boric acid and borax (the mass ratio of 1:1,\u0000the concentration of 20%) with four different treatment methods including atmospheric immersion, cold and hot bath immersion, vacuum impregnation and vacuum-pressure impregnation. The different treatment methods on the boron loading were analyzed and\u0000the corresponding flame resistance of bamboo filaments were evaluated by the cone analysis. The results showed that suitable treatment method with optimized processing indexes, such as hot and cold bath immersion in the condition of 100°C/2 h and 20°C/2 h with 3 cycles, was more credible to accelerate the percentages of boron loading in the bamboo filaments, and the lowest result was found in the samples with vacuum impregnation. Compared to the untreated samples, the heat and smoke release would be decreased significantly, especially for the samples with the promising hot and cold treatment, and promising pressure treatment, attributed to the more stable boron fixed in the bamboo filaments.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.37763/WR.1336-4561/66.1.4956
Dongna Li, Jianing Li, Xiaojun Ma
In this study, the biodegradable composites were prepared from rubber wood fibers (Hevea brasiliensis) and biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) via hot pressing process, using the titanate as the coupling agent. The morphological, chemical structure, mechanical properties and water absorption (WA) of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and WA analysis. Results showed that a new absorption peak of Ti-O-C was formed due to the addition of titanate, indicating that it was successfully grafted on the surface of wood fibers. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the titanate content. The obvious improvement of WA of composites was attributed to the inclusion of P34HB by titanate modified wood fiber. Moreover, it was also found that the optimal condition of the titanate coupling agent content was 1 wt%.
{"title":"Study on the structure and properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/ rubber wood fiber composites modified with titanate coupling agent","authors":"Dongna Li, Jianing Li, Xiaojun Ma","doi":"10.37763/WR.1336-4561/66.1.4956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37763/WR.1336-4561/66.1.4956","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the biodegradable composites were prepared from rubber wood fibers (Hevea brasiliensis) and biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) via hot pressing process, using the titanate as the coupling agent. The morphological, chemical structure, mechanical properties and water absorption (WA) of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and WA analysis. Results showed that a new absorption peak of Ti-O-C was formed due to the addition of titanate, indicating that it was successfully grafted on the surface of wood fibers. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the titanate content. The obvious improvement of WA of composites was attributed to the inclusion of P34HB by titanate modified wood fiber. Moreover, it was also found that the optimal condition of the titanate coupling agent content was 1 wt%.","PeriodicalId":23786,"journal":{"name":"Wood Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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