Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research最新文献

Objective: To optimize the detection conditions and evaluate of cystatin C(CysC) by liquid protein microarray.

Methods: CysC was detected by double antibody sandwich method using liquid protein microarray. On the basis of determining the optimal concentration combination of captured antibody and detected antibody, the detection conditions were optimized by determining the biological detection limit and lower detection limit, drawing the S-shaped curve and judging the linear range, and establishing the standard curve and regression equation. Methodsologically evaluate the accuracy, precision, reportable range and analytical specificity of the detection method.

Results: The optimal concentration combinations of CycC trapping-detection antibodies were 26.6 μg/mL-1∶800. The lower limits of detection and biologic limits of detection of the CysC were 0.037 and 0.237 ng/mL, respectively. Regression equation were as followes: y=-3.315x~2+283.04x+160.89, R~2=0.9921. The relative bias of CysC which was detected on the liquid protein microarry was 5.81%. The dilution recovery and recovery were 70.35%-84.91%(n=3)and 79.94%-122.41%(n=3)respectively. The correlation coefficient of method ology comparison experiment was r=0.616, P<0.05, and there was no significant difference between the two method(t=0.948, P=0.358); The within-run precision range from 3.54% to 4.03%(n=10); The between-run precision range from 12.07% to 15.05%(D=5, n=3); The reportable range was 0.26-3784.04 ng/mL. The analysis of interference test result showed that the both concentrations of hemoglobin(160.00, 71.11 g/L) had interference to the result of CysC detected on the chip.

Conclusion: This study completed the optimization of conditions and methodological evaluation of liquid protein microarray in detecting CysC.

Objective: To explore the association between egg consumption and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), which will provide epidemiological evidence for NAFLD prevention.

Methods: A total of 6734 non-NAFLD participants(5500 men and 1234 women, aged(45±14) years old)in the Kailuan cohort followed up in 2014-2015 were enrolled. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to collect the diet frequency, including the consumption of eggs, over the past years. Then the score of dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) was calculated. Abdominal ultrasound was applied for fatty liver diagnosis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidences of NAFLD for the three groups(0-4, 5-7 and >7 eggs/week). Furthermore, Cox regression models under various adjusted factors were used to compare the risks of NAFLD.

Results: During the median follow-up of 45 months, 1484 NAFLDs were identified among 6734 non-NAFLD participants. The 4-year cumulative incidence rates of NAFLD for the individuals consuming 0-4, 5-7, and >7 eggs/week were 27.1%, 19.9% and 29.6%(P<0.05). The DASH score was significantly higher in those who consumed 5-7 eggs/week than in the other two groups(P<0.001). After adjusting confounders, including DASH score and dietary cholesterol, we found that compared with those consuming 5-7 eggs/week, the individuals with 0-4 and >7 eggs/week had a higher NAFLD hazard, with hazard ratios(95% confidence interval) of 1.20(1.03, 1.41) and 1.25(1.06, 1.47), respectively. The association was more significant in the population with a higher DASH score(P_(interaction)=0.02).

Conclusion: Eating 5-7 eggs/week may have the lowest risk of NAFLD, suggesting taking a moderate amount of eggs to prevent NAFLD, even if the overall diet quality is relatively healthy.

Objective: To investigate the difference of cortical hormones in cord artery and vein blood of newborns with different delivery modes.

Methods: A total of 65 pregnant women who delivered in the People's Hospital of Danyang City, Jiangsu Province from June to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects, including 26 cases of spontaneous delivery and 39 cases of cesarean section. The basic information of 65 pregnant women and newborns was collected by questionnaire survey. According to the mode of delivery, the levels of corticosteroids in umbilical vein and umbilical artery blood were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS), including corticosterone, 11-desoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone. The data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 statistical software.

Results: The levels of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone in the umbilical vein blood of the spontaneous delivery group were(2.44±1.87), (0.64±0.29), (0.49±0.35), (54.95±40.80), (3.20±1.23) and(142.27±57.42)ng/mL, respectively. The levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone in umbilical artery blood were(4.51±4.47), (0.57±0.28), (0.42±0.29), (60.79±45.53), (2.69±1.25) and(123.10±46.32)ng/mL, respectively. The levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisone, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisone and cortisone in umbilical vein blood of cesarean section group were(0.94±1.09), (0.47±0.14), (0.26±0.14), (22.63±19.82), (2.30±0.90) and(84.51±29.49)ng/mL, respectively. The levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone in umbilical artery blood were(2.22±2.24), (0.43±0.17), (0.27±0.14), (30.09±25.93), (1.87±0.76) and(75.03±24.90)ng/mL, respectively. The levels of corticosterone, 11-desoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone in cord vein blood and cord artery blood in spontaneous labor group were significantly higher than those in cesarean section group(P<0.05). The levels of corticosterone and cortisol in cord vein blood were significantly lower in spontaneous labor group and cesarean section group than those in cord artery blood(P<0.05), the levels of 11-desoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone in cord vein blood were significantly higher in spontaneous labor group and cesarean section group than those in cord artery blood(P<0.05).

Conclusion: There are differences in the level of cortical hormones in cord artery and vein blood in different delivery modes.

Objective: To understand the addition of microbial food cultures in infant and follow-up formula milk powder in China.

Methods: The product information of infant and follow-up formula milk powder approved in China from 2017 to 2022 was investigated, including the query platform and packaging label information, and the strains, addition rates and addition amount of microbial food cultures were statistically analyzed.

Results: From 2017 to 2022, a total of 1438 infant and follow-up formula milk powder products were approved in China, of which 434 products were added with microbial food cultures, 6 types of strains were used, namely Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, the top three addition rates were Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, the addition rate were 79.72%, 18.43% and 12.67%, respectively. The addition amount of the strains ranged from 1×10~6 to 6×10~7 CFU/g, the median value was 1×10~6 CFU/g.

Conclusion: There is insufficient scientific evidence on the feeding effect, types and amounts of microbial food cultures added to infant and follow-up formula in China.

Objective: In order to understand the distribution of the essential nutrients content in commercial infant formula in China, and to compare its conformity with the new national standard(GB 10765-2021).

Methods: A total of 477 infant fomulas with production data from January 2017 to June 2022 were collected in China. Information in the product labels was recorded and the distribution of nutrient contents was analyzed, compare with the national food safety standard.

Results: Compared with GB 10765-2010, the new standard had 12 essential nutrients content revised, and 10 of which had lower limit values adjusted and 5 of which had upper limit values adjusted. Both the lower and upper limits were increased for three items, including vitamin D, choline and selenium. Compared with the newly revised 12 essential nutrients in the national food safety standard, the coincidence rate of 3 items was 100%, and the coincidence rate of 3 items was more than 80%. The coincidence rate of the actual content of essential nutrients in some products was low, the reason was that they did not meet the lower limit requirements of the new national standard, for example, the non-coincidence rate of vitamin D was as high as 99.79%. In addition, the national food safety standard adjusts choline from an selectable nutrient to an essential one, and the proportion of choline added to commercial products was 84.7%.

Conclusion: The change of the content of essential nutrients in the new standard has little influence on the products sold in our country. There are a few essential nutrient in the products on the market that need to be adjusted to raise the nutrient level.

Objective: To establish a set of visualization systems suitable for displaying the transition of malnutrition status in different population across time and space in China.

Methods: Based on the data characteristics of the four monitoring systems, including the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, and the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, to be merged and the requirements of this project, the client/server architecture(C/S architecture) application mode was adopted, the Visual Studio 2019 development tool set, Python 3.7-10 and C # 8.0 language programming were used for data integration, and a complete set of data preprocessing, data conversion and data integration calculation processes were established.

Results: The malnutrition visualization system provided a visualization display system for the nutritional status of different populations under the multi database fusion index system based on the integrated malnutrition database. The system was able to not only modify, delete and update data, but query, display and analyze malnutrition conditions including growth retardation, low weight, emaciation, micronutrient deficiency, overweight, and obesity.

Conclusion: Malnutrition visualization system dynamically presented the time series and spatial distribution of malnutrition among Chinese residents, and explored the regional characteristics and major challenges of nutrition problems in different periods.

Objective: To understand the distribution of the essential composition content of commercial follow-up formula for young children in China, to analyze the differences with the new requirements of national food safety standard, and to promote the implementation of the new national standard(GB 10767-2021).

Methods: The label information on the total of 483 follow-up formula for young children permitted from January 2017 to June 2022 were collected and recorded, the distribution of essential compositions were analyzed and compared with the new national food safety standard.

Results: Compared with GB 10767-2010, 23 essential compositions were revised in the new national standard, 2 new essential compositions, α-linolenic acid and carbohydrates, were required, and 8 minimum requirements and 4 maximum requirements were revised, 16 new maximum requirements were developed. The whole change of the new standard was major. Comparing with GB 10767-2021, there were 8 essential compositions in commercial products with 100% compliance rate and 9 with more than 95% compliance rate, the discordance rate of pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin C and Vitamin D was more than 20%, Vitamin D has the highest discordance rate 97.10%.

Conclusion: Although the revision of the essential composition requirements in the new national standard is major, the compliance rate of almost essential compositions is high. A few of individual essential compositions in some commercial products cannot meet the new standards requirements, the main reason is those can not reach the increased new minimum requirements, especially on vitamin D.

Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of flavonoids(epicatechin, isoorientin, eriocitrin, hyperoside, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, quercetin, didymin, naringenin and hesperetin), phenolic acids(gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid), terpenoids(limonin), stilbenes(piceatannol and resveratrol) in fruits.

Methods: Add ethanol-water(4∶1, V/V) solution to the fruit pulp sample, ultrasonic extraction at 55 ℃ for 10 min, after centrifugation, the supernatant was dried and re-dissolved, and then eluted with ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) as chromatographic column, polyphenols are determined by HPLC under switching wavelength, and quantified by external standard method.

Results: The 21 polyphenols can be detected within 45 min and well separated from baseline, with linear correlation coefficients greater than 0.999, the detection limit of the method was 0.03-0.31 μg/g, and the limit of quantitation of the method was 0.09-1.03 μg/g. The intra-day precision was 0.5%-9.3%, the inter-day precision was 2.0%-9.6%. The recoveries of more than 90% polyphenols in the three fruits at three levels were between 80.0% and 119.8%. The relative standard deviation of spiked recoveries of three samples was less than 10.8%. The detection result of citrus, mango, blueberry, persimmon and other samples proved that the composition of polyphenols in different fruits was different.

Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of polyphenols in fruits.

Objective: To investigate the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and alteration of relative mitochondrial DNA copy number of blood with female lung cancer risk among never smokers.

Methods: From August 2017 to August 2021, we enrolled all physician diagnosed new cases(n=465) of non-smoking female lung cancer from 12 tertiary and above hospitals in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui and Qinghai provinces. And we selected matched non-smoking controls(n=463) by age and sex who were non-cancer and noncommunicable disease patients from the same hospital visited by the cases. Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and estimated by relative quantification. We performed random forest and logistic regression to analyze the association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number with the risk of female lung cancer among never smokers. We further analyzed the mediating effect and interaction models of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and mitochondrial DNA copy number levels on lung cancer in non-smoking women.

Results: The M(P25, P75) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores for cases and controls were 0.05(0.13, 0.16) and 0.08(0.24, 0.13), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores of the cases was significantly higher than the controls(U=92130, P<0.05). The M(P25, P75) of mitochondrial DNA copy number for cases and controls were 0.90(0.71, 1.14) and 1.00(0.79, 1.21), mitochondrial DNA copy number of the cases was significantly lower than the controls(U=122559, P<0.05). Random forest and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women increased with the increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores(P_(trend)<0.05) and the decrease of relative mitochondrial DNA copy number(P_(trend)<0.05). The additive interaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and mitochondrial DNA copy number in non-smoking female lung cancer was statistically significant [API = 0.43(95%CI 0.19-0.67), SI = 2.84(95%CI 1.25-6.48). Mediation analysis showed mitochondrial DNA copy number had no significant mediating effect on the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and lung cancer in non-smoking women(Za×Zb: 95%CI-0.044-0.055).

Conclusion: Minimize unnecessary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposures might significantly reduce the lung cancer risk among non-smoking women. Alteration of mitochondrial DNA copy number might become a potential biomarker in risk prediction of lung cancer of non-smoking women.

Objective: To explore the relationship between trajectories of body mass index(BMI) and the risk of hypertension and blood pressure among Chinese adults.

Methods: The current study was based on data from 10 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2018. A multistage stratified random sample was used in this study.11885 adults whose BMI had been measured at least three times were included in the study. Group-based trajectory modeling(GBTM) was used to identify the BMI trajectories in different genders, Cox regression model was used to analyze the association between BMI trajectories and the risk of incident hypertension. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between BMI trajectories and the blood pressure level.

Results: Three distinct BMI trajectories were determined for both genders: normal-stable group, normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group. The numbers of each group among males were 3595(63.23%), 1412(24.83%) and 679(11.94%), and the numbers of each group among females were 4566(73.66%), 1214(19.58%) and 419(6.76%). Taking the normal-stable group as a reference, after adjusting for confounding factors, the normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group had 1.14(1.03-1.25), P=0.01 and 1.42(1.24-1.63), P<0.01 increased risk(HR(95% CI)) of developing hypertension in male. The normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group had 1.29(1.13-1.46), P<0.01 and 1.58(1.23-2.03), P<0.01 increased risk of developing hypertension in female. Taking the normal-stable group as a reference, after adjusting for confounding factors, the systolic blood pressure[β(95% CI)] in the male normal-overweight group and obesity-stable group increased by 3.01(1.88-4.14)mmHg, P<0.01 and 5.44(3.85-7.03)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The diastolic blood-pressure level was increased by 2.20(1.48-2.91)mmHg, P<0.01 and 4.04(3.04-5.04)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The systolic blood pressure in the female normal-overweight group and obesity-stable group were increased by 3.65(2.44-4.85)mmHg, P<0.01 and 2.96(0.97-4.94)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The diastolic blood pressure level was increased by 3.11(2.38-3.86)mmHg, P<0.01 and 1.25(0.03-2.47)mmHg, P=0.05 respectively.

Conclusion: Both the trajectory of BMI increasing with age and the trajectory of maintaining a high BMI level increased the risk of hypertension, and blood pressure also increased significantly compared with those who maintained normal BMI.