Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research最新文献

Objective: To study the relationship between fasting plasma amino acids and obesity in the physical examination population.

Methods: A total of 1859 persons who underwent physical examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January to December 2020 were enrolled. Fasting plasma amino acids concentrations and body fat ratio(BFR) were respectively determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) and Inbody instrument. According to body mass index and gender grouping, Python language was used for data analysis and graphic visualization to explore the relationship between body mass index, gender and plasma amino acids levels.

Results: The plasma levels of glycine, serine and asparagine in the overweight and obesity groups were significantly lower than those in the normal group, especially the levels in the obesity group were lower than those in the overweight group in males(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of lysine, tryptophan, arginine and hydroxyproline among normal, overweight and obesity groups(P>0.05). The plasma levels of leucine, valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine(in males), isoleucine(in females) and alanine in the overweight and obesity groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the levels in the obesity group were higher than those in the overweight group except alanine(P<0.05). BFR was positively correlated with body mass index. BFR in females increased significantly with age after 50 years old(P<0.05).

Conclution: The rate of overweight and obesity among the health screening population is high.

Objective: To analyze the access channels on nutritional health knowledge of Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021.

Methods: A multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 302 survey sites across the country, there were 102 398 people surveyed, with 98 424 valid questionnaires, 49.4% male and 42.0% urban, with an average age of(38.5±12.2) years old. A standardized questionnaire certified by experts and evaluated for reliability and validity was used to conduct the face-to-face survey. Descriptive statistics were used to report the access channels on nutrition and health knowledge of respondents, and the proportion of access channels of respondents with different characteristics was compared by chi-square test.

Results: The access channels on nutrition and health knowledge of Chinese residents aged 18-64 in 2021 were, in descending order, WeChat/Microblog/Tik Tok/Kuaishou and other software(77.0%), TV/radio(55.7%), family/relatives/friends(41.8%), books/newspapers/journals/magazines(32.5%), website search(30.7%), promotional lectures(29.3%) and other(1.9%). A high proportion of people who access nutrition and health knowledge through software, website searches and books/newspapers were mostly from the lower age groups, higher education groups, urban and eastern regions. People with a high proportion of access through TV/radio, family/relatives/friends and promotional lectures were mostly from the higher age groups, lower education groups, rural and western areas(P<0.001). Women are more likely than men to obtain nutrition and health information from all channels except website search. The higher the level of education, the higher the level of concern for nutrition and health knowledge(P<0.001).

Conclusion: In 2021, the top access channel for Chinese residents aged 18-64 to obtain nutrition and health knowledge is WeChat/Microblog/Tik Tok/Kuaishou and other software. There are differences in access channels for different groups of people.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of active vitamin D(VD) on liver fibrosis injury induced by sodium arsenite(NaAsO_2) in SD rats.

Methods: Eighteen healthy newly weaned SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into Control group(gavaged with 10 mL/kg normal saline), NaAsO_2-treated group(gavaged with 10 mg/kg NaAsO_2), Active VD(calcitriol) intervention group(gavaged with 10 mg/kg NaAsO_2 and 1.0 μg/kg calcitriol was given by gavage along with NaAsO_2 administration after 12 weeks), all rats were administered 6 days a week for 36 weeks and weighed every week. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA) was used to detect the secretion levels of 25(OH)D_3 and hyaluronic acid(HA), laminin(LN), type Ⅲ pre-collagen amino-terminal peptide(PⅢNP), type Ⅳ collagen(COL-Ⅳ) in the serum of rats in each group; HE staining was used to observe the basic pathological changes of liver tissues in each group, Masson and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the fibrosis and collagen deposition of liver tissues in each group; Western Blot was used to detected the protein levels of fibrosis-related markers α-smooth actin(α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and Vimentin in each group.

Results: After 36 weeks of NaAsO_2 exposure, the weight of rats was significantly decreased compared with the control group, and the weight of female rats after calcitriol intervention was significantly increased compared with NaAsO_2-treated group(P<0.05). The result of liver coefficient showed increasing in NaAsO_2-treated group compared with the control group, while decreasing in calcitriol intervention group compared with NaAsO_2-treated group, and the difference was statistically significant in female rats. ELISA assay showed that compared with the control group((550.21±29.16) ng/L), the serum level of 25(OH)D_3 in NaAsO_2-treated group((436.82±74.37) ng/L) was significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the serum level of 25(OH)D_3 was significantly higher in calcitriol intervention group than that of NaAsO_2-treated group(P<0.05). HE staining found that, compared with the control group, the liver tissue of rats in NaAsO_2-treated group showed abnormal morphology, the liver tissue was structurally disordered, false lobules and fat vacuoles were also increased. Masson and Sirius Red staining also revealed abnormal hepatic lobule structure, enlarged and deformed portal area and abundant collagen fiber deposition in NaAsO_2-treated group. Further analysis showed that the positive staining area of collagen deposition in liver tissue of rats exposed to NaAsO_2 increased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05). Those above changes in calcitriol intervention group were significantly alleviated compared with NaAsO_2-treated group(P<0.05). Western Blot analysis showed that the protein levels of α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Vimentin were obviously higher in NaAsO_2-treated group(1.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lipid level and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2017 to explore the correlation between lipid level and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. A random sample of 1526 middle-aged and elderly people were recruited from 2 communities in Beijing. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood lipid level detection, and the cognitive function of the subjects was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA). Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between serum lipid levels and mild cognitive impairment(MCI) in elderly and T2 DM patients and control group.

Results: Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in blood lipid levels in T2 DM group. The levels of total cholesterol(TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in T2 DM group were lower than those in the control group, while triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were higher than those in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of TC was a risk factor for MCI in patients with T2 DM, while high level of LDL-C was a protective factor, but no association was observed in the control population.

Conclusion: Phenotype of T2 DM may affect the relationship between lipid level and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people.

Objective: To explore the occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises.

Methods: Using typical sampling method, 44 non-ferrous metal mining enterprises were selected in seven provinces.37 non-ferrous metal mining enterprises were included, and most of them were underground enterprises(97.30%). Enterprises basic information and silica dust exposure data of key positions were collected by using on-site hygiene investigation and detecting method. Finally, the International Council on Mining and Metals'(ICMM) risk rating table method and occupational hazard risk index method(INDEX) were used to analyze the occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mines from total and respirable dust views, respectively. Meanwhile, the square weighted Kappa test was performed to analyze the consistency between two risk assessment method.

Results: Medium enterprises(64.69%(40.38%, 73.41%)), silver mining enterprises(84.69%(63.38%, 86.06%)) and antimony mining enterprises(72.22%) had relatively higher silica dust exposure rates. On-site hygiene detecting result showed that:(1) M(P25, P75) of free silica content was 21.18%(17.03%, 30.47%). (2) 1.60(0.86, 2.46)mg/m~3 for total dust concentration, 64.47% total dust concentration samples exceeding Chinese permissible concentration-time weighted average(PC-TWA), 0.68(0.30, 1.18) mg/m~3 for respiratory dust concentration, 50.00% respirable dust concentration samples exceeding Chinese PC-TWA. (3) Medium-sized enterprises, as well as rock drillers and crushers, had higher levels of silica dust exposure. Occupational health risk assessment result showed that:(1) The overall occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises was medium:(1) In term of total dust, ICMM risk rating table method and INDEX method indicated high and medium risks, respectively(S_(weighted) were 3.52 and 2.79). (2) In term of respirable dust, both ICMM risk rating table and INDEX method indicated medium risks(S_(weighted) were 2.78 and 2.35). (2) Medium-sized enterprises risk level was higher than other two production scales enterprises. ICMM risk rating table method and the INDEX method consistency analyses showed that these two risk assessment method had strong consistencies in terms of total dust or respirable dust(both Kappa values ≥ 0.600).

Conclusion: The overall occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises was medium, and the risk levels of medium production-scale mining enterprises, rock driller and crusher were higher.

Objective: To establish nutrition knowledge questionnaire items for Chinese adults by Delphi consensus study.

Methods: The framework system and preliminary items of nutrition knowledge questionnaire were established through literature review and experts consultation, considering the nutrition status and problems of Chinese people. Delphi method was used to conduct consensus analysis with 11 experts in related field involved to determine the nutrition knowledge questionnaire items.

Results: The active coefficients of consultation in two rounds were both 100%(11/11), and the authority coefficients of experts were 0.900. The average scores of all items were(4.67±0.28) and(4.80±0.21), the variation coefficients were 0.06 and 0.04, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.261(χ~2=39.645, P=0.004) and 0.324(χ~2=43.122, P=0.001), respectively. After the second round of consultation, all selected items met the inclusion criteria. Finally, 20-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire were determined, including five dimensions of dietary recommendations, food characteristics, nutrition and health, food choices and food safety.

Conclusion: The Delphi consensus of nutrition knowledge questionnaire items for Chinese adults were basically achieved.

Objective: To analyze the age distribution of nutrition and health knowledge level of Chinese residents aged 18-64.

Methods: A total of 102 398 residents aged 18-64 were selected from 302 survey sites in China by multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 98 567 respondents were included in the study. Both mean and rate were calculated by complex sampling weighting.

Results: The nutrition and health knowledge score of residents aged 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years old in China were(65.1±11.4) points, (64.6±11.7) points, (64.7±12.0) points, (62.2±12.8) points and(59.5±13.3) points. The nutrition and health knowledge awareness rates were 20.3%, 19.1%, 20.3%, 16.9% and 12.1%, respectively(P<0.001). A decreasing trend in all dimensions and overall nutrition and health knowledge with increasing age was found(β<0, P_(trend)<0.001). This trend was also reflected across gender or regions. While the trend of nutrition and health knowledge level with age varies with different literacy levels. Differences in knowledge points with positive response rates <30% by age groups.

Conclusion: The level of nutrition and health knowledge among Chinese adult residents of all ages is relatively low in 2021, but the knowledge shortcomings are different.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the duration of sleep and hypertension among residents aged 60 and above in 15 provinces of China.

Methods: Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015, 4078 residents aged 60 and above who provided complete diagnostic information on sleep duration and blood pressure were selected as subjects by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling.

Results: The average age of participants aged 60 and above in 15 provinces was 68.41 years old, with 1915 were male, 2163 were female, 1683 urban participants and 2464 rural participants. After adjusting for gender, age, education, and economic confounding factors, Model 2 found that subjects who slept less than 7 h/d and those who slept more than 8 h/d had an increased risk of developing hypertension compared with the recommended sleep duration, the ORs were 1.24(95%CI 1.03-1.51) and 1.38(95%CI 1.15-1.65). Adding the sitting time, smoking, drinking and obesity to the Model 2, compared with the recommended sleep duration, subjects who slept less than 7 h/d and those who slept more than 9 h/d had an increased risk of hypertension. The ORs values were 1.27(95%CI 1.04-1.56) and 1.40(95%CI 1.16-1.70).

Conclusion: The proportion of the elder aged 60 and older who sleep less than 7 h/d or more than 9 h/d has increased hypertension.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between vitamin D(VitD)-related single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH) D) levels and VitD nutritional status.

Methods: A total of 1507 women of childbearing age aged 18-45 were selected from the sample bank of "2015 Chinese adult chronic disease and nutrition monitoring". Basic information(including region, season, age, height, weight, etc. ) of the subjects was collected. The SNPs related to VitD metabolism were screened, and the improved multiple ligase detection reaction was used for SNP testing. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the serum 25(OH)D concentration. The effects of genotypes on 25(OH)D level and VitD deficiency were analyzed by generalized linear model and binary logistic regression model, respectively.

Results: After adjusting for latitude, region, region type, season and age, CYP2R1 rs12794714, GC rs2282679, GC rs7041 and VDR rs2228570 were associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in women of childbearing age. The risk of VitD deficiency in individuals carrying GG genotype at rs2282679 was significantly higher than that in individuals carrying TT genotype(OR=2.466, 95%CI 1.690-3.598, P<0.001), and the risk of VitD deficiency in individuals carrying A allele at rs2228570 was lower than that in individuals carrying G allele(OR_(AA)=0.625, 95%CI 0.446-0.876, P_(AA)=0.006;OR_(GA)=0.661, 95%CI 0.502-0.869, P_(GA)=0.003).

Conclusion: The genotype distribution of CYP2R1 rs12794714, GC rs2282679, GC rs7041 and VDR rs2228570 may be related to serum 25(OH)D level or VitD nutritional status of Chinese women of childbearing age.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D in school-age children in Beijing.

Methods: The data was part of the monitoring data of Beijing in "Chinese Nutrition and Health Monitoring of Children and Nursing Mothers 2016-2017". A total of 1385 students were recruited from 10 primary schools, 10 junior middle schools and 5 senior high schools. The concentrations of serum vitamin D were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The distribution of serum vitamin D in school-age children was further described for different regions, age, body mass index(BMI), waistline, outdoor activity time and myopia. The prevalence of the insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D was compared in different subgroups.

Results: The median concentration of serum 25(OH)D_3 [M(P25, P75)] of students aged 6-11 and 12-17 were 20.86(16.48, 25.31) ng/mL and 14.12(11.04, 19.17) ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of male school-age children was higher than that of female. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of students aged 12-17 was lower than that of students aged 6-11. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of urban students was lower than that of rural students, and the serum 25(OH)D_3 of myopia students was lower than that of non-myopia students(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D_3 between students with outdoor activity time greater than or equal to 2 hours and students with less than 2 hours, normal weight and overweight and obese students, normal waist and abdominal obesity students. The vitamin D deficiency rate, insufficiency rate, insufficiency and deficiency rate of school-age children were 18.8%(261), 40.1%(556) and 59.0%(817). The vitamin D deficiency in girls was more serious than that in boys, and the vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency of students aged 12-17 were more serious than that of students aged 6-11. The vitamin D deficiency of students in urban areas was more serious than that in rural areas, and the vitamin D deficiency of myopia students was more serious than that of non-myopia(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in vitamin D deficiency between students with outdoor activity time greater than or equal to 2 hours and students with less than 2 hours, normal weight and overweight and obese students, normal waist and abdominal obesity students. The statistically significant variables(gender, age, region, outdoor activity time, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and myopia) were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model for analysis. The result showed that girls(OR = 2.005, P<0.001), 12-17 years old(OR=4.310, P<0.001), rural(OR=0.586, P<0.001) with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely.

Conclusion: The vitamin D status of students in Beijing is not ideal, and the deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in girls is more serious than that in boys; The deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in