World journal of radiology最新文献

Background: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a critical condition arising from prolonged physical exertion in high temperatures that typically presents with normal hemoglobin levels. However, atypical presentations can also occur, leading to significant complications such as hemolytic anemia and organ dysfunction.

Case summary: This case report describes a male patient who experienced moderate-to-severe anemia that was difficult to correct, with a confirmed diagnosis of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia accompanying multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, indicative of critical EHS. Despite intensive resuscitation efforts, the patient's condition deteriorated, necessitating admission to the intensive care unit for advanced management.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of EHS, particularly that with significant hemolytic anemia and concurrent organ failure. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for these complications in patients displaying symptoms of heat-related illness, especially when caused by strenuous activity, as early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improve patient outcomes.

Background: Portal vein gas (PVG) is an abnormal accumulation of gas within the portal and intrahepatic portal veins. It is associated with various abdominal diseases, ranging from benign conditions to life-threatening ones that require immediate surgical intervention. Coronary angiography is the standard diagnostic procedure for coronary artery disease. There were no prior reports are available of PVG as a complication of coronary angiography.

Case summary: In the specific case described here, the patient did not show signs of peritoneal irritation; however, computed tomography scans findings revealed pneumatosis in the wall of the small intestine, hepatic portal vein, and mesenteric vein, along with acute enteritis (etiology pending classification). A cesarean section was not performed, and the patient received treatment with fasting, rehydration, and anti-infection therapy. Subsequently, the patient's symptoms of abdominal distension and pain improved, and follow-up computed tomography scans indicated resolution of the portal system pneumatosis and intestinal wall edema, resulting in a favorable clinical outcome.

Conclusion: Portal venous gas complication following coronary angiography was a complication of coronary angiography.

Background: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the gold standard for the diagnosis of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), can show clean nidus resection, leading to a perceived cure. Most cases of intracranial AVM recurrence have been reported in pediatric patients. The conventional understanding indicates that AVMs arise when abnormal blood vessels develop between the fourth and eighth weeks of embryonic development, which coincides with the typical period of blood vessel formation in the brain. As such, recurrent ectopic AVM are rare in adults.

Case summary: Herein, we present the case of a 31-year-old adult with a history of an intracranial AVM originally diagnosed with a symptomatic de novo cerebellar AVM formation. Recurrence was observed five years following angiographically-confirmed excision of the initial AVM. DSA performed prior to initial AVM resection indicated no cerebellar abnormalities. Moreover, the recurrent arteries exhibited differences in arteries and draining veins. In addition to reporting this case, we analyzed six previously-reported adult patients with similar ectopic recurrent AVMs. These cases are summarized to review and explore the potential causes of ectopic AVM recurrence in adults, which increase the likelihood of acquired AVM.

Conclusion: The clinical course of the reported patients demonstrated the possibility of ectopic AVM recurrence in adults. The median time between the diagnosis of the initial AVM and the occurrence of ectopic recurrent AVM in adults was 11 years (range: 5-20 years). Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up for more than 10 years may be required in adult AVM-treated patients.

Background: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but highly fatal complication occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). Unlike SOT, PTLD after allo-HCT usually originates from the donor and is rarely accompanied by a loss of donor chimerism.

Case summary: We report a case of Epstein-Barr virus positive PTLD manifesting as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with significantly decreased T-cell chimerism early after allo-HCT. A 30-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia underwent unrelated allo-HCT after first complete remission. Nearly 3 mo after transplantation, the patient developed cervical lymph node enlargement and gastric lesions, both of which were pathologically suggestive of DLBCL. Meanwhile, the patient experienced a significant and persistent decrease in T-cell chimerism. A partial remission was achieved after chemotherapy with single agent rituximab and subsequent R-CHOP combined chemotherapy.

Conclusion: The loss of T-cell chimerism and the concomitant T-cell insufficiency may be the cause of PTLD in this patient.

Prostate cancer (PCa) imaging forms an important part of PCa clinical management. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for prostate imaging. Most of the current imaging assessment is qualitative i.e., based on visual inspection and thus subjected to inter-observer disagreement. Quantitative imaging is better than qualitative assessment as it is more objective, and standardized, thus improving interobserver agreement. Apart from detecting PCa, few quantitative parameters may have potential to predict disease aggressiveness, and thus can be used for prognosis and deciding the course of management. There are various magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative parameters and few of them are already part of PIRADS v.2.1. However, there are many other parameters that are under study and need further validation by rigorous multicenter studies before recommending them for routine clinical practice. This review intends to discuss the existing quantitative methods, recent developments, and novel techniques in detail.

Background: Behcet's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disorder known for various symptoms, including oral and genital ulcers and ocular inflammation. Panuveitis, a severe eye condition, is rare as the first sign of BD.

Case summary: We present an unusual case of a 30-year-old man who developed panuveitis after receiving the mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Moderna). Laboratory tests ruled out infections, but he had a positive HLA-B51 result and a history of genital ulcer and oral ulcers, leading to a BD diagnosis. Treatment with corticosteroids improved his condition. Interestingly, he had another episode of panuveitis after the second mRNA vaccine dose, which also responded to corticosteroids.

Conclusion: This case highlights the rare onset of BD following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, suggesting a potential link between these vaccines and BD's eye symptoms, emphasizing the importance of quick treatment in similar cases.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a major concern in clinical practice, particularly among high-risk patients with preexisting renal and cardiovascular conditions. Although periprocedural hydration has long been the primary approach for CI-AKI prevention, recent advancements have led to the development of novel approaches such as RenalGuard and contrast removal systems. This editorial explores these emerging approaches and highlights their potential for enhancing CI-AKI prevention. By incorporating the latest evidence into clinical practice, health-care professionals can more effectively maintain renal function and improve outcomes for patients undergoing contrast-enhanced procedures.

Background: Global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) are unclear when the dual post-labeling delays (PLD) arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is used. Manual delineation of regions of interest for CBF measurement is time-consuming and laborious.

Aim: To assess global and regional CBF changes in patients with unilateral ICAO with the ASL-MRI perfusion technique.

Methods: Twenty hospitalized patients with ICAO and sex- and age-matched controls were included in the study. Regional CBF was measured by Dr. Brain's ASL software. The present study evaluated differences in global, middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, anterior cerebral artery territory, and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) regions (including the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, insula ribbon, internal capsule, and M1-M6) and brain lobes (including frontal, parietal, temporal, and insular lobes) between ICAO patients and controls at PLD 1.5 s and PLD 2.5 s.

Results: When comparing CBF between ICAO patients and controls, the global CBF in ICAO patients was lower at both PLD 1.5 s and PLD 2.5 s; the CBF on the occluded side was lower in 15 brain regions at PLD 1.5 s, and it was lower in 9 brain regions at PLD 2.5 s; the CBF in the contralateral hemisphere was lower in the caudate nucleus and internal capsule at PLD 1.5 s and in M6 at PLD 2.5 s. The global CBF in ICAO patients was lower at PLD 1.5 s than at PLD 2.5 s. The ipsilateral CBF at PLD 1.5 s was lower than that at PLD 2.5 s in 15 regions, whereas the contralateral CBF was lower at PLD 1.5 s than at PLD 2.5 s in 12 regions. The ipsilateral CBF was lower than the contralateral CBF in 15 regions at PLD 1.5 s, and in M6 at PLD 2.5 s.

Conclusion: Unilateral ICAO results in hypoperfusion in the global and MCA territories, especially in the ASPECTS area. Dual PLD settings prove more suitable for accurate CBF quantification in ICAO.

Background: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS) with torsion is extremely rare, consequently, the diagnosis of ELS with torsion in children presents a challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report four cases of ELS with torsion that presented with abdominal pain, and further review the relevant literature to summarize the clinical features.

Case summary: Four children presented to our department with abdominal pain. All underwent chest computed tomography, which revealed an intrathoracic soft tissue mass with pleural effusion. All four children underwent thoracoscopic resection of the identified pulmonary sequestration, and the vascular pedicle was clipped and excised. None of the patients experienced any postoperative complications.

Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the possibility of ELS with torsion in children presenting with abdominal pain as the chief complaint.

Background: Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a promising but also technically demanding interventional radiologic treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Many technical challenges in PAE are associated with the complex anatomy of prostatic arteries (PAs) and with the systematic attempts to catheterize the PAs of both pelvic sides. Long procedure times and high radiation doses are often the result of these attempts and are considered significant disadvantages of PAE. The authors hypothesized that, in selected patients, these disadvantages could be mitigated by intentionally embolizing PAs of only one pelvic side.

Aim: To describe the authors' approach for intentionally unilateral PAE (IU-PAE) and its potential benefits.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study of patients treated with IU-PAE during a period of 2 years. IU-PAE was applied in patients with opacification of more than half of the contralateral prostatic lobe after angiography of the ipsilateral PA (subgroup A), or with markedly asymmetric prostatic enlargement, with the dominant prostatic lobe occupying at least two thirds of the entire gland (subgroup B). All patients treated with IU-PAE also fulfilled at least one of the following criteria: Severe tortuosity or severe atheromatosis of the pelvic arteries, non-visualization, or visualization of a tiny (< 1 mm) contralateral PA on preprocedural computed tomographic angiography. Intraprocedural contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (iCEUS) was applied to monitor prostatic infarction. IU-PAE patients were compared to a control group treated with bilateral PAE.

Results: IU-PAE was performed in a total 13 patients (subgroup A, n = 7; subgroup B, n = 6). Dose-area product, fluoroscopy time and operation time in the IU-PAE group (9767.8 μGy∙m², 30.3 minutes, 64.0 minutes, respectively) were significantly shorter (45.4%, 35.9%, 45.8% respectively, P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Clinical and imaging outcomes did not differ significantly between the IU-PAE group and the control group. In the 2 clinical failures of IU-PAE (both in subgroup A), the extent of prostatic infarction (demonstrated by iCEUS) was significantly smaller compared to the rest of the IU-PAE group.

Conclusion: In selected patients, IU-PAE is associated with comparable outcomes, but with lower radiation exposure and a shorter procedure compared to bilateral PAE. iCEUS could facilitate patient selection for IU-PAE.