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Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography features and histogram analysis can differentiate ameloblastomas from central giant cell granulomas. 对比增强多检测器计算机断层扫描特征和直方图分析可以区分成釉细胞瘤和中央巨细胞肉芽肿。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i9.329
Adarsh Ghosh, Meyyappan Lakshmanan, Smita Manchanda, Ashu Seith Bhalla, Prem Kumar, Ongkila Bhutia, Asit Ranjan Mridha

Background: No qualitative or quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images has been reported for the differentiation between ameloblastomas and central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs).

Aim: To describe differentiating multidetector CT (MDCT) features in CGCGs and ameloblastomas and to compare differences in enhancement of these lesions qualitatively and using histogram analysis.

Methods: MDCT of CGCGs and ameloblastomas was retrospectively reviewed to evaluate qualitative imaging descriptors. Histogram analysis was used to compare the extent of enhancement of the soft tissue. Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

Results: Twelve CGCGs and 33 ameloblastomas were reviewed. Ameloblastomas had a predilection for the posterior mandible with none of the CGCGs involving the angle. CGCGs were multilocular (58.3%), with a mixed lytic sclerotic appearance (75%). Soft tissue component was present in 91% of CGCGs, which showed hyperenhancement (compared to surrounding muscles) in 50% of cases, while the remaining showed isoenhancement. Matrix mineralization was present in 83.3% of cases. Ameloblastomas presented as a unilocular (66.7%), lytic (60.6%) masses with solid components present in 81.8% of cases. However, the solid component showed isoenhancement in 63%. No matrix mineralization was present in 69.7% of cases. Quantitatively, the enhancement of soft tissue in CGCG was significantly higher than in ameloblastoma on histogram analysis (P < 0.05), with a minimum enhancement of > 49.05 HU in the tumour providing 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity in identifying a CGCG.

Conclusion: A multilocular, lytic sclerotic lesion with significant hyperenhancement in soft tissue, which spares the angle of the mandible and has matrix mineralization, should indicate prospective diagnosis of CGCG.

背景:对比增强计算机断层扫描(CT)图像尚未报道成釉细胞瘤和中央巨细胞肉芽肿(cgcg)鉴别的定性或定量分析。目的:描述cgcggs和成釉细胞瘤的多探头CT (MDCT)特征的鉴别,并利用直方图分析比较这两种病变在增强上的定性差异。方法:回顾性分析cgcggs和成釉细胞瘤的MDCT表现,评价其定性影像学描述。采用直方图分析比较软组织增强程度。采用Fisher精确检验和Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析(P < 0.05)。结果:回顾了12例cgcg和33例成釉细胞瘤。成釉细胞瘤倾向于后下颌,没有任何ccggs涉及角度。cgcg多房性(58.3%),混合溶性硬化(75%)。91%的cgcg中存在软组织成分,50%的cgcg表现为高增强(与周围肌肉相比),其余cgcg表现为等增强。83.3%的病例存在基质矿化。成釉细胞瘤表现为单眼(66.7%),溶解性(60.6%)肿块,81.8%的病例存在固体成分。63%的固相成分表现为等增强。69.7%的病例无基质矿化。定量地,在直方图分析中,CGCG中软组织的增强显著高于成膜细胞瘤(P < 0.05),肿瘤中最小增强> 49.05 HU,提供了100%的敏感性和85%的特异性来识别CGCG。结论:多室、溶解性硬化病变伴明显的软组织高强化,保留下颌骨的角度并有基质矿化,应提示CGCG的前瞻性诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Augmentation of literature review of COVID-19 radiology. 补充 COVID-19 放射学文献综述。
IF 1.4 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i9.342
Suleman Adam Merchant, Prakash Nadkarni, Mohd Javed Saifullah Shaikh

We suggest an augmentation of the excellent comprehensive review article titled "Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings, imaging modalities, and the role of radiology in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic" under the following categories: (1) "Inclusion of additional radiological features, related to pulmonary infarcts and to COVID-19 pneumonia"; (2) "Amplified discussion of cardiovascular COVID-19 manifestations and the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring and prognosis"; (3) "Imaging findings related to fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, optical, thermal and other imaging modalities/devices, including 'intelligent edge' and other remote monitoring devices"; (4) "Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 imaging"; (5) "Additional annotations to the radiological images in the manuscript to illustrate the additional signs discussed"; and (6) "A minor correction to a passage on pulmonary destruction".

我们建议对题为 "关于冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)大流行中的放射学发现、成像方式和放射学作用的综合文献综述 "的优秀综合综述文章进行以下类别的扩充:(1) "纳入与肺梗塞和 COVID-19 肺炎有关的其他放射学特征";(2) "增加对心血管 COVID-19 表现以及心脏磁共振成像在监测和预后中作用的讨论";(3) "与氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描、光学、热学和其他成像模式/设备(包括'智能边缘'和其他远程监测设备)有关的成像结果";(4) "COVID-19成像中的人工智能";(5) "对手稿中的放射图像进行补充注释,以说明所讨论的其他征象";(6) "对有关肺部破坏的一段文字进行了细微更正"。
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引用次数: 0
Triple rule-out computed tomography angiography: Evaluation of acute chest pain in COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. 三重排除ct血管造影:对急诊COVID-19患者急性胸痛的评价
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.311
Suzan Bahadir, Sonay Aydın, Mecit Kantarci, Edhem Unver, Erdal Karavas, Düzgün Can Şenbil

Background: The aim of this study was to define clinical evidence supporting that triple rule-out computed tomography angiography (TRO CTA) is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) for acute chest pain. Optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events, will help for rapid and noninvasive diagnoses and results will be effective for patients and healthcare systems in all aspects.

Aim: To define clinical evidence supporting that TRO CTA is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ED for acute chest pain, and to assess outcomes of optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies, particularly TRO CTA use, in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events.

Methods: TRO CTA images were evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), or acute aortic syndromes. Statistical analyses were used for evaluation of significant association between the variables. A two tailed P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Fifty-three patients were included into the study. In 31 patients (65.9%), there was not any pathology, while PTE was diagnosed in 11 patients. There was no significant relationship between the rates of pathology on CTA and history of hypertension. On the other hand, the diabetes mellitus rate was much higher in the acute coronary syndrome group, particularly in the PTE group (8/31 = 25.8% vs 6/16 = 37.5%, P = 0.001). The rate of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in the group with pathology on CTA while compared to those without pathology apart from imaging findings of the pneumonia group (62.5% vs 38.7%, P < 0.001). Smoking history rates were similar in the groups. Platelets, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were higher in COVID-19 cases with additional pathologies.

Conclusion: TRO CTA is an effective imaging method in evaluation of all thoracic vascular systems at once and gives accurate results in COVID-19 patients.

背景:本研究的目的是确定临床证据,支持三排除计算机断层扫描血管造影(TRO CTA)是一种全面可行的诊断工具,用于新型冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19)患者在急诊室(ED)的急性胸痛。优化与COVID-19相关的血栓栓塞事件的诊断成像策略,将有助于快速和无创诊断,结果将在各个方面对患者和医疗保健系统有效。目的:定义临床证据,支持TRO CTA是一种全面可行的诊断工具,用于急诊的COVID-19急性胸痛患者,并评估优化诊断成像策略,特别是TRO CTA的使用,在COVID-19相关血栓栓塞事件中的结果。方法:评估TRO CTA图像是否存在冠状动脉疾病、肺血栓栓塞(PTE)或急性主动脉综合征。采用统计学分析来评估变量之间的显著相关性。双尾p值0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:53例患者纳入研究。31例(65.9%)患者无任何病理,11例患者诊断为PTE。CTA病理检出率与高血压病史之间无明显关系。另一方面,急性冠脉综合征组糖尿病发生率明显高于PTE组(8/31 = 25.8% vs 6/16 = 37.5%, P = 0.001)。CTA病理组的血脂异常率明显高于肺炎组(除影像学检查外无病理)(62.5% vs 38.7%, P 0.001)。两组的吸烟史相似。血小板、d -二聚体、纤维蛋白原、c反应蛋白和红细胞沉降率值在伴有其他病理的COVID-19病例中较高。结论:TRO CTA是一种有效的影像学方法,可一次性评估COVID-19患者的全胸血管系统,结果准确。
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引用次数: 1
Amebic liver abscess: Clinico-radiological findings and interventional management. 阿米巴肝脓肿:临床影像学表现和介入治疗。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.272
Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi, Ramesh Kumar, Utpal Anand

In its classic form, amebic liver abscess (ALA) is a mild disease, which responds dramatically to antibiotics and rarely requires drainage. However, the two other forms of the disease, i.e., acute aggressive and chronic indolent usually require drainage. These forms of ALA are frequently reported in endemic areas. The acute aggressive disease is particularly associated with serious complications, such as ruptures, secondary infections, and biliary communications. Laboratory parameters are deranged, with signs of organ failure often present. This form of disease is also associated with a high mortality rate, and early drainage is often required to control the disease severity. In the chronic form, the disease is characterized by low-grade symptoms, mainly pain in the right upper quadrant. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) play an important role not only in the diagnosis but also in the assessment of disease severity and identification of the associated complications. Recently, it has been shown that CT imaging morphology can be classified into three patterns, which seem to correlate with the clinical subtypes. Each pattern depicts its own set of distinctive imaging features. In this review, we briefly outline the clinical and imaging features of the three distinct forms of ALA, and discuss the role of percutaneous drainage in the management of ALA.

阿米巴肝脓肿(ALA)的典型形式是一种轻微的疾病,对抗生素反应显著,很少需要引流。然而,另外两种形式的疾病,即急性侵袭性和慢性惰性通常需要引流。这些形式的ALA在流行地区经常被报道。急性侵袭性疾病特别与严重并发症相关,如破裂、继发感染和胆道通讯。实验室参数紊乱,经常出现器官衰竭的迹象。这种形式的疾病也与高死亡率有关,通常需要早期引流以控制疾病的严重程度。在慢性形式,疾病的特点是轻度症状,主要是疼痛在右上象限。超声和计算机断层扫描(CT)不仅在诊断中发挥重要作用,而且在评估疾病严重程度和识别相关并发症方面也发挥着重要作用。最近,有研究表明,CT成像形态可分为三种模式,这似乎与临床亚型相关。每种模式都描绘了自己的一组独特的成像特征。在这篇综述中,我们简要概述了三种不同形式的ALA的临床和影像学特征,并讨论了经皮引流在ALA治疗中的作用。
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引用次数: 2
Progress in interventional radiology treatment of pulmonary embolism: A brief review. 肺栓塞介入放射学治疗进展综述。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.286
Alessandro Posa, Pierluigi Barbieri, Giulia Mazza, Alessandro Tanzilli, Roberto Iezzi, Riccardo Manfredi, Cesare Colosimo

Pulmonary embolism represents a common life-threatening condition. Prompt identification and treatment of this pathological condition are mandatory. In cases of massive pulmonary embolism and hemodynamic instability or right heart failure, interventional radiology treatment for pulmonary embolism is emerging as an alternative to medical treatment (systemic thrombolysis) and surgical treatment. Interventional radiology techniques include percutaneous endovascular catheter directed therapies as selective thrombolysis and thrombus aspiration, which can prove useful in cases of failure or infeasibility of medical and surgical approaches.

肺栓塞是一种常见的危及生命的疾病。及时识别和治疗这种病理状况是必须的。在大量肺栓塞和血流动力学不稳定或右心衰的病例中,介入放射治疗肺栓塞正在成为药物治疗(全身溶栓)和手术治疗的替代方法。介入放射学技术包括经皮血管内导管定向治疗,如选择性溶栓和血栓抽吸,这在医疗和手术方法失败或不可行的情况下是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging findings in salivary gland tumors. 唾液腺肿瘤的核磁共振成像研究进展。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.256
Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) make up a small portion (approximately 5%) of all head and neck tumors. Most of them are located in the parotid glands, while they are less frequently located in the submandibular glands, minor salivary glands or sublingual gland. The incidence of malignant or benign tumors (BTs) in the salivary glands varies according to the salivary gland from which they originate. While most of those detected in the parotid gland tend to be benign, the incidence of malignancy increases in other glands. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of SGTs is increasing every day. While conventional sequences provide sufficient data on the presence, localization, extent and number of the tumor, they are insufficient for tumor specification. With the widespread use of advanced techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging, semi-quantitative and quantitative perfusion MRI, studies and data have been published on the differentiation of malignant or BTs and the specificity of their subtypes. With diffusion MRI, differentiation can be made by utilizing the cellularity and microstructural properties of tumors. For example, SGTs such as high cellular Warthin's tumor (WT) or lymphoma on diffusion MRI have been reported to have significantly lower apparent diffusion values than other tumors. Contrast agent uptake and wash-out levels of tumors can be detected with semi-quantitative perfusion MRI. For example, it is reported that almost all of the pleomorphic adenomas show an increasing enhancement time intensity curve and do not wash-out. On quantitative perfusion MRI studies using perfusion parameters such as Ktrans, Kep, and Ve, it is reported that WTs can show higher Kep and lower Ve values than other tumors. In this study, the contribution of advanced MRI to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SGTs will be reviewed.

唾液腺肿瘤(sgt)占所有头颈部肿瘤的一小部分(约5%)。它们大多位于腮腺,而很少位于下颌腺、小唾液腺或舌下腺。恶性或良性肿瘤(BTs)在唾液腺中的发病率根据其起源的唾液腺而变化。虽然在腮腺中发现的大多数是良性的,但在其他腺体中恶性肿瘤的发生率增加。磁共振成像(MRI)在sgt诊断中的应用日益增加。虽然常规序列提供了关于肿瘤存在、定位、范围和数量的足够数据,但它们不足以用于肿瘤的描述。随着弥散加权成像、半定量和定量灌注MRI等先进技术的广泛应用,关于恶性或bt的鉴别及其亚型特异性的研究和数据已经发表。通过弥散MRI,可以利用肿瘤的细胞结构和显微结构特性进行鉴别。例如,据报道,在弥散MRI上,sgt如高细胞沃辛肿瘤(WT)或淋巴瘤的表观弥散值明显低于其他肿瘤。半定量灌注MRI可以检测肿瘤的造影剂摄取和冲洗水平。例如,据报道,几乎所有的多形性腺瘤表现为增强时间-强度曲线的增加,而不出现冲洗。在使用Ktrans、Kep、Ve等灌注参数的定量灌注MRI研究中,有报道称WTs比其他肿瘤表现出更高的Kep值和更低的Ve值。本文将对先进MRI在sgt诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用进行综述。
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引用次数: 4
Augmenting prostate magnetic resonance imaging reporting to incorporate diagnostic recommendations based upon clinical risk calculators. 增强前列腺磁共振成像报告,纳入基于临床风险计算器的诊断建议。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.249
Karisma Gupta, Jordan D Perchik, Andrew M Fang, Kristin K Porter, Soroush Rais-Bahrami

Risk calculators have offered a viable tool for clinicians to stratify patients at risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and to mitigate the low sensitivity and specificity of screening prostate specific antigen (PSA). While initially based on clinical and demographic data, incorporation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the validated prostate imaging reporting and data system suspicion scoring system has standardized and improved risk stratification beyond the use of PSA and patient parameters alone. Biopsy-naïve patients with lower risk profiles for harboring clinically significant PCa are often subjected to uncomfortable, invasive, and potentially unnecessary prostate biopsy procedures. Incorporating risk calculator data into prostate MRI reports can broaden the role of radiologists, improve communication with clinicians primarily managing these patients, and help guide clinical care in directing the screening, detection, and risk stratification of PCa.

风险计算器为临床医生提供了一种可行的工具,用于对前列腺癌(PCa)风险患者进行分层,并减轻了筛查前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的低敏感性和特异性。虽然最初是基于临床和人口统计数据,但多参数磁共振成像(MRI)和经过验证的前列腺成像报告和数据系统怀疑评分系统的结合已经标准化并改进了风险分层,而不仅仅是使用PSA和患者参数。Biopsy-naïve具有临床意义的前列腺癌风险较低的患者往往要接受不舒服、侵入性和可能不必要的前列腺活检手术。将风险计算器数据纳入前列腺MRI报告可以扩大放射科医生的作用,改善与主要管理这些患者的临床医生的沟通,并有助于指导临床护理,指导前列腺癌的筛查、检测和风险分层。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging volumes during COVID-19: A Victorian health service experience. COVID-19期间的成像卷:维多利亚时代的卫生服务体验。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i8.293
Jo-Anne Pinson, My Linh Diep, Vinay Krishnan, Caroline Aird, Cassie Cooper, Christopher Leong, Jeff Chen, Nicholas Ardley, Eldho Paul, Mohamed Khaldoun Badawy

Background: The World Health Organisation declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. While globally, the relative caseload has been high, Australia's has been relatively low. During the pandemic, radiology services have seen significant changes in workflow across modalities and a reduction in imaging volumes.

Aim: To investigate differences in modality imaging volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic across a large Victorian public health network.

Methods: A retrospective analysis from January 2019 to December 2020 compared imaging volumes across two periods corresponding to the pandemic's first and second waves. Weekly volumes across patient class, modality and mobile imaging were summed for periods: wave 1 (weeks 11 to 16 for 2019; weeks 63 to 68 for 2020) and wave 2 (weeks 28 to 43 for 2019; weeks 80 to 95 for 2020). Microsoft Power Business Intelligence linked to the radiology information system was used to mine all completed examinations.

Results: Summed weekly data during the pandemic's first wave showed the greatest decrease of 29.8% in adult outpatient imaging volumes and 46.3% in paediatric emergency department imaging volumes. Adult nuclear medicine demonstrated the greatest decrease of 37.1% for the same period. Paediatric nuclear medicine showed the greatest decrease of 47.8%, with angiography increasing by 50%. The pandemic's second wave demonstrated the greatest decrease of 23.5% in adult outpatient imaging volumes, with an increase of 18.2% in inpatient imaging volumes. The greatest decrease was 28.5% in paediatric emergency department imaging volumes. Nuclear medicine showed the greatest decrease of 37.1% for the same period. Paediatric nuclear medicine showed the greatest decrease of 36.7%. Mobile imaging utilisation increased between 57.8% and 135.1% during the first and second waves. A strong correlation was observed between mobile and non-mobile imaging in the emergency setting (Spearman's correlation coefficient = -0.743, P = 0.000). No correlation was observed in the inpatient setting (Spearman's correlation coefficient = -0.059, P = 0.554).

Conclusion: Nuclear medicine was most impacted, while computed tomography and angiography were the least affected by the pandemic. The impact was less during the pandemic's second wave. Mobile imaging shows continuous growth during both waves.

背景:世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日宣布2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)为大流行。虽然全球范围内的病例量相对较高,但澳大利亚的病例量相对较低。在大流行期间,放射学服务在各种模式的工作流程中发生了重大变化,成像量也有所减少。目的:研究维多利亚州大型公共卫生网络中COVID-19大流行期间模态成像量的差异。方法:对2019年1月至2020年12月的回顾性分析,比较了与大流行第一波和第二波相对应的两个时期的成像量。对不同患者类别、模式和移动成像的每周量进行汇总:第一波(2019年第11至16周;2020年第63至68周)和第二波(2019年第28至43周;2020年第80至95周)。与放射学信息系统相连接的Microsoft Power Business Intelligence用于挖掘所有已完成的检查。结果:大流行第一波期间每周汇总数据显示,成人门诊成像量下降29.8%,儿科急诊科成像量下降46.3%。同期成人核医学降幅最大,为37.1%。小儿核医学降幅最大,为47.8%,血管造影增幅为50%。大流行的第二波显示,成人门诊成像量减少了23.5%,住院成像量增加了18.2%。儿科急诊科影像量降幅最大,为28.5%。核医学降幅最大,为37.1%。儿童核医学降幅最大,为36.7%。在第一次和第二次浪潮中,移动成像利用率增加了57.8%到135.1%。在紧急情况下,移动和非移动成像之间存在很强的相关性(Spearman相关系数= -0.743,P = 0.000)。住院组无相关性(Spearman相关系数= -0.059,P = 0.554)。结论:核医学受疫情影响最大,计算机断层扫描和血管造影受疫情影响最小。在大流行的第二波期间,影响较小。移动成像显示两波持续增长。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of X-radiation in the management of COVID-19 disease. x射线对COVID-19疾病管理的影响。
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.219
Divya K Mohan, K Nandhini, Venkateswarlu Raavi, Venkatachalam Perumal

Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect both animals and humans. Even though the existence of coronavirus and its infection to humans is not new, the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) caused a major burden to individuals and society i.e., anxiety, fear of infection, extreme competition for hospitalization, and more importantly financial liability. The nCoV infection/disease diagnosis was based on non-specific signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, detection of the virus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and X-ray-based imaging. This review focuses on the consolidation of potentials of X-ray-based imaging modality [chest-X radiography (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT)] and low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for screening, severity, and management of COVID-19 disease. Reported studies suggest that CXR contributed significantly toward initial rapid screening/diagnosis and CT- imaging to monitor the disease severity. The chest CT has high sensitivity up to 98% and low specificity for diagnosis and severity of COVID-19 disease compared to RT-PCR. Similarly, LDRT compliments drug therapy in the early recovery/Less hospital stays by maintaining the physiological parameters better than the drug therapy alone. All the results undoubtedly demonstrated the evidence that X-ray-based technology continues to evolve and play a significant role in human health care even during the pandemic.

冠状病毒是一组可以感染动物和人类的多种病毒。尽管冠状病毒的存在及其对人类的感染并不新鲜,但2019年新型冠状病毒(nCoV)给个人和社会造成了重大负担,即焦虑、对感染的恐惧、对住院的极度竞争,更重要的是经济负担。新型冠状病毒感染/疾病诊断基于非特异性体征和症状、生化参数、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测病毒以及基于x射线的成像。本文综述了基于x线成像方式[胸部x线摄影(CXR)和胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)]和低剂量放射治疗(LDRT)在COVID-19疾病筛查、严重程度和管理中的潜力。报道的研究表明,CXR对早期快速筛查/诊断和CT成像监测疾病严重程度有重要贡献。与RT-PCR相比,胸部CT对COVID-19疾病的诊断和严重程度的敏感性高达98%,特异性较低。同样,LDRT通过比单独药物治疗更好地维持生理参数来补充药物治疗在早期恢复/更短的住院时间。所有结果无疑都证明了基于x射线的技术继续发展并在人类卫生保健中发挥重要作用,即使在大流行期间也是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular imaging as a tool for evaluation of COVID-19 sequelae - A review of literature. 分子影像学作为评估COVID-19后遗症的工具-文献综述
IF 2.5 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.194
Kunal R Chandekar, Swayamjeet Satapathy, Harmandeep Singh, Anish Bhattacharya

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel viral pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 primarily involves the lungs. Nucleic acid testing based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of respiratory samples is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Imaging modalities have an established role in triaging, diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity, monitoring disease progression, extra-pulmonary involvement, and complications. As our understanding of the disease improves, there has been substantial evidence to highlight its potential for multi-systemic involvement and development of long-term sequelae. Molecular imaging techniques are highly sensitive, allowing non-invasive visualization of physiological or pathological processes at a cellular or molecular level with potential for detection of functional changes earlier than conventional radiological imaging. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the evolving role of molecular imaging in evaluation of COVID-19 sequelae. Though not ideal for diagnosis, the various modalities of molecular imaging play an important role in assessing pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19. Perfusion imaging using single photon emission computed tomography fused with computed tomography (CT) can be utilized as a first-line imaging modality for COVID-19 related pulmonary embolism. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is a sensitive tool to detect multi-systemic inflammation, including myocardial and vascular inflammation. PET in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging helps in better characterization of neurological sequelae of COVID-19. Despite the fact that the majority of published literature is retrospective in nature with limited sample sizes, it is clear that molecular imaging provides additional valuable information (complimentary to anatomical imaging) with semi-quantitative or quantitative parameters to define inflammatory burden and can be used to guide therapeutic strategies and assess response. However, widespread clinical applicability remains a challenge owing to longer image acquisition times and the need for adoption of infection control protocols.

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由新型病毒性病原体-严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)引起的。COVID-19主要涉及肺部。基于呼吸样本逆转录聚合酶链反应的核酸检测是目前诊断SARS-CoV-2感染的金标准。成像模式在分诊、诊断、疾病严重程度评估、监测疾病进展、肺外受累和并发症方面具有既定的作用。随着我们对该病认识的提高,有大量证据表明其可能累及多系统并发展长期后遗症。分子成像技术高度敏感,允许在细胞或分子水平上无创地可视化生理或病理过程,具有比传统放射成像更早检测功能变化的潜力。这篇综述文章的目的是强调分子成像在评估COVID-19后遗症中的作用。尽管在诊断上并不理想,但各种形式的分子成像在评估COVID-19的肺部和肺外后遗症方面发挥着重要作用。单光子发射计算机断层扫描与计算机断层扫描(CT)融合的灌注成像可作为COVID-19相关肺栓塞的一线成像方式。18f -氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描(PET)/CT是检测多系统炎症的灵敏工具,包括心肌和血管炎症。PET结合磁共振成像有助于更好地表征COVID-19的神经系统后遗症。尽管大多数已发表的文献是回顾性的,样本量有限,但很明显,分子成像提供了额外的有价值的信息(与解剖成像互补),以半定量或定量参数来定义炎症负担,并可用于指导治疗策略和评估反应。然而,由于较长的图像采集时间和采用感染控制方案的需要,广泛的临床适用性仍然是一个挑战。
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World journal of radiology
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