Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.361
A. V. Tamonov, V. Sumin, U. Stuhr
. In this paper we present the results of neutron diffraction investigations of the residual stress gradient around a stainless steel – zirconium alloy interface in a bimetallic adapter. This part is used in some structures of RBMK-type reactor channels. The stresses in this component arise due to various manufacturing processes and the thermal expansion factor mismatch between the two alloys. The residual stress distribution within stainless steel part and the residual stress gradient close to the interface were investigated. The experiments were carried out on the Pulse overlap time-of-flight diffractometer (POLDI) [1] (Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland) and the Fourier stress diffractometer (FSD) [2] at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna,
{"title":"Neutron diffraction investigation of the residual stress gradient near stainless steel – zirconium alloy interface","authors":"A. V. Tamonov, V. Sumin, U. Stuhr","doi":"10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.361","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper we present the results of neutron diffraction investigations of the residual stress gradient around a stainless steel – zirconium alloy interface in a bimetallic adapter. This part is used in some structures of RBMK-type reactor channels. The stresses in this component arise due to various manufacturing processes and the thermal expansion factor mismatch between the two alloys. The residual stress distribution within stainless steel part and the residual stress gradient close to the interface were investigated. The experiments were carried out on the Pulse overlap time-of-flight diffractometer (POLDI) [1] (Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland) and the Fourier stress diffractometer (FSD) [2] at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna,","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75646620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.405
A. Likhacheva, Y. Seryotkin, A. Manakov, S. Goryainov, A. Ancharov, M. Sheromov
{"title":"Pressure-induced over-hydration in scolecite: A synchrotron powder diffraction study","authors":"A. Likhacheva, Y. Seryotkin, A. Manakov, S. Goryainov, A. Ancharov, M. Sheromov","doi":"10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79386597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.441
Jacob L. Jones, J. Daniels, E. Üstündag
In ferroelectric materials, extrinsic contributions such as domain wall vibrations, domain switching, and interphase boundary motion contribute to fatigue and aging, nonlinearity, and hysteresis in the piezoelectric response. It also affects the deformation behaviour, and influences the fracture mechanics. The most prevalent extrinsic contribution is ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching. Recent advances in diffraction techniques offer many opportunities for novel characterisation of domain switching and its influence on macroscopic properties. This paper presents the results of two such techniques which have been used to characterise extrinsic mechanisms in situ in a soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic. In the first example, stroboscopic, time-resolved neutron diffraction is used to represent the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching during a single cycle of a 1 kHz unipolar electric field with a magnitude of half of the coercive field. In the second example, highenergy X-ray microdiffraction is used to measure the spatial distribution of ferroelastic domain switching around a crack tip in transmission geometry under an applied stress intensity factor of KI=0.71 MPa•m. Introduction Ferroelectric ceramics are used in a wide variety of electromechanical devices including sonar, ultrasound, sensors and actuators, non-volatile memories, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In ferroelectric ceramics, changes in the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain structures can affect the measurable bulk properties in an advantageous or disadvantageous manner. For example, domain wall motion during dynamic actuation increases the electric-field-induced strain but also contributes to nonlinearity, hysteresis, and fatigue [1]. Domain switching also contributes to fracture toughness enhancement in ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramics, which is expressed both as an increase in the initiation toughness as well as a rising R-curve behaviour. It is therefore important to characterise such mechanisms in order to reveal their exact role in these and other cases. 442 European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 10 A schematic diagram of the process of domain switching is shown in figure 1. As shown, the application of an electric field or stress along particular directions of a bulk ceramic sample leads to a change in the volume fraction of domain types present within individual grains. Domain structures have been characterised using diffraction for decades [2]. The essence of such measurements is the relationship between the diffracted intensity of particular Bragg peaks and the volume fraction of ferroelectric/ferroelastic domains present within the sample. The simplest representation (i.e., for a sample with tetragonal symmetry) of the changes in the diffraction pattern is shown in figure 1(c).
{"title":"Advances in the characterisation of domain switching in ferroelectric ceramics","authors":"Jacob L. Jones, J. Daniels, E. Üstündag","doi":"10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.441","url":null,"abstract":"In ferroelectric materials, extrinsic contributions such as domain wall vibrations, domain switching, and interphase boundary motion contribute to fatigue and aging, nonlinearity, and hysteresis in the piezoelectric response. It also affects the deformation behaviour, and influences the fracture mechanics. The most prevalent extrinsic contribution is ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching. Recent advances in diffraction techniques offer many opportunities for novel characterisation of domain switching and its influence on macroscopic properties. This paper presents the results of two such techniques which have been used to characterise extrinsic mechanisms in situ in a soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic. In the first example, stroboscopic, time-resolved neutron diffraction is used to represent the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching during a single cycle of a 1 kHz unipolar electric field with a magnitude of half of the coercive field. In the second example, highenergy X-ray microdiffraction is used to measure the spatial distribution of ferroelastic domain switching around a crack tip in transmission geometry under an applied stress intensity factor of KI=0.71 MPa•m. Introduction Ferroelectric ceramics are used in a wide variety of electromechanical devices including sonar, ultrasound, sensors and actuators, non-volatile memories, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In ferroelectric ceramics, changes in the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain structures can affect the measurable bulk properties in an advantageous or disadvantageous manner. For example, domain wall motion during dynamic actuation increases the electric-field-induced strain but also contributes to nonlinearity, hysteresis, and fatigue [1]. Domain switching also contributes to fracture toughness enhancement in ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramics, which is expressed both as an increase in the initiation toughness as well as a rising R-curve behaviour. It is therefore important to characterise such mechanisms in order to reveal their exact role in these and other cases. 442 European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 10 A schematic diagram of the process of domain switching is shown in figure 1. As shown, the application of an electric field or stress along particular directions of a bulk ceramic sample leads to a change in the volume fraction of domain types present within individual grains. Domain structures have been characterised using diffraction for decades [2]. The essence of such measurements is the relationship between the diffracted intensity of particular Bragg peaks and the volume fraction of ferroelectric/ferroelastic domains present within the sample. The simplest representation (i.e., for a sample with tetragonal symmetry) of the changes in the diffraction pattern is shown in figure 1(c).","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85449514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.471
J. Darul, W. Nowicki, P. Piszora, E. Wolska
The formation of substitutional solid solutions between the isostructural LiFe5O8 and LiAl5O8 was studied by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction from room temperature up to 900°C. Structural characterization and distribution of cations in the A and B spinel sublat- tices for LiFe2.5Al2.5O8 were obtained by Rietveld structure refinement. We report new re- sults on the solubility limits in the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8 system. The "iron-rich" (LiAl1.2Fe3.8O8) and "aluminum-rich" (LiFe1.2Al3.8O8) solid solutions coexisted during the thermal treatment up to 900°C, and the formation of single-phase spinel solid solution was not observed.
{"title":"Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies of solubility limits in the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8spinel solid solutions","authors":"J. Darul, W. Nowicki, P. Piszora, E. Wolska","doi":"10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.471","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of substitutional solid solutions between the isostructural LiFe5O8 and LiAl5O8 was studied by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction from room temperature up to 900°C. Structural characterization and distribution of cations in the A and B spinel sublat- tices for LiFe2.5Al2.5O8 were obtained by Rietveld structure refinement. We report new re- sults on the solubility limits in the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8 system. The \"iron-rich\" (LiAl1.2Fe3.8O8) and \"aluminum-rich\" (LiFe1.2Al3.8O8) solid solutions coexisted during the thermal treatment up to 900°C, and the formation of single-phase spinel solid solution was not observed.","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83738445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.299
M. Braga, J. Ferreira, L. Malheiros, M. Hämäläinen
In a previous study on Cu-Li-Mg system, the authors of the present paper con- cluded that the ternary phase in that system corresponds to CuMg2-xLix (x ~ 0.11), with a hexagonal structure, space group P6222 (180), and lattice parameters a = b = 0.5260 nm, c = 1.3649 nm (1). The structure was refined by the Rietveld method (2). In order to characterize the thermal behaviour of the ternary compound and to assess the Cu-Li-Mg phase diagram (3), HT-XRD measurements were performed on samples whose compositions were close to the one corresponding to the ternary compound. SEM/EDS measurements of the phases' compositions in equilibrium, as well as DSC/DTA heating curves, contributed to the identifi- cation of the transition temperatures and the phases present in equilibrium. It was concluded that the ternary phase decomposes at ~ 702 ± 2K.
在前人对Cu-Li-Mg体系的研究中，作者得出该体系中的三元相对应于CuMg2-xLix (x ~ 0.11)，具有六边形结构，空间群P6222(180)，晶格参数a = b = 0.5260 nm, c = 1.3649 nm(1)。通过Rietveld方法对结构进行了细化(2)。为了表征三元化合物的热行为并评估Cu-Li-Mg相图(3)，对样品的组成与三元化合物的组成接近的样品进行了HT-XRD测量。平衡相组成的SEM/EDS测量以及DSC/DTA加热曲线有助于确定过渡温度和平衡相。结果表明，三元相在~ 702±2K时发生分解。
{"title":"HT-XRD in the study of Cu-Li-Mg","authors":"M. Braga, J. Ferreira, L. Malheiros, M. Hämäläinen","doi":"10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.299","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous study on Cu-Li-Mg system, the authors of the present paper con- cluded that the ternary phase in that system corresponds to CuMg2-xLix (x ~ 0.11), with a hexagonal structure, space group P6222 (180), and lattice parameters a = b = 0.5260 nm, c = 1.3649 nm (1). The structure was refined by the Rietveld method (2). In order to characterize the thermal behaviour of the ternary compound and to assess the Cu-Li-Mg phase diagram (3), HT-XRD measurements were performed on samples whose compositions were close to the one corresponding to the ternary compound. SEM/EDS measurements of the phases' compositions in equilibrium, as well as DSC/DTA heating curves, contributed to the identifi- cation of the transition temperatures and the phases present in equilibrium. It was concluded that the ternary phase decomposes at ~ 702 ± 2K.","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80532386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.411
M. Merlini, C. Meneghini, G. Artioli, T. Cerulli
{"title":"Synchrotron radiation XRPD study on the early hydration of cements","authors":"M. Merlini, C. Meneghini, G. Artioli, T. Cerulli","doi":"10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83239791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.191
D. Louër, A. Boultif
{"title":"Powder pattern indexing and the dichotomy algorithm","authors":"D. Louër, A. Boultif","doi":"10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80913835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.99
E. Estevez-Rams, A. Madrigal, P. Scardi, M. Leoni
{"title":"Powder diffraction characterization of stacking disorder","authors":"E. Estevez-Rams, A. Madrigal, P. Scardi, M. Leoni","doi":"10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80951743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.517
E. Wolska, W. Nowicki, J. Darul, M. Tovar, O. Prokhnenko, P. Piszora
Crystal and magnetic structures of a LixMn3-x-yFeyO4 single phase solid solutions series, formed between the normal spinel LiMn2O4 and the inverse spinel Li0.5Fe2.5O4, have been studied using neutron powder diffraction. We present new results on the changes in cation distribution over the tetrahedral and octahedral spinel sublattices, and the crystal structure refinements resulting from Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data. Single phase spinel solid solutions, with the molar fraction nFe=Fe:(Fe+Mn) = 0.1-0.5, have been investigated. The samples reveal different magnetic properties, from antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature for nFe=0.1, to the distinct ferrimagnetic (uncompensated antiferromagnetic) exchange occurring between A and B sites in AB2O4 for nFe=0.472.
{"title":"Neutron powder diffraction study on the magnetic ordering and structure of LixMn3-x-yFeyO4spinels","authors":"E. Wolska, W. Nowicki, J. Darul, M. Tovar, O. Prokhnenko, P. Piszora","doi":"10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.517","url":null,"abstract":"Crystal and magnetic structures of a LixMn3-x-yFeyO4 single phase solid solutions series, formed between the normal spinel LiMn2O4 and the inverse spinel Li0.5Fe2.5O4, have been studied using neutron powder diffraction. We present new results on the changes in cation distribution over the tetrahedral and octahedral spinel sublattices, and the crystal structure refinements resulting from Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data. Single phase spinel solid solutions, with the molar fraction nFe=Fe:(Fe+Mn) = 0.1-0.5, have been investigated. The samples reveal different magnetic properties, from antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature for nFe=0.1, to the distinct ferrimagnetic (uncompensated antiferromagnetic) exchange occurring between A and B sites in AB2O4 for nFe=0.472.","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78768097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.381
A. Nadeev, S. Tsybulya, G. Kryukova, I. S. Yakovleva, L. Isupova
{"title":"Vacancies ordering in La3+1-xBa2+xFeO3-δperovskites","authors":"A. Nadeev, S. Tsybulya, G. Kryukova, I. S. Yakovleva, L. Isupova","doi":"10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23897,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89577469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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