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Neutron diffraction investigation of the residual stress gradient near stainless steel – zirconium alloy interface 不锈钢-锆合金界面附近残余应力梯度的中子衍射研究
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.361
A. V. Tamonov, V. Sumin, U. Stuhr
. In this paper we present the results of neutron diffraction investigations of the residual stress gradient around a stainless steel – zirconium alloy interface in a bimetallic adapter. This part is used in some structures of RBMK-type reactor channels. The stresses in this component arise due to various manufacturing processes and the thermal expansion factor mismatch between the two alloys. The residual stress distribution within stainless steel part and the residual stress gradient close to the interface were investigated. The experiments were carried out on the Pulse overlap time-of-flight diffractometer (POLDI) [1] (Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland) and the Fourier stress diffractometer (FSD) [2] at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna,
。本文介绍了双金属接头中不锈钢-锆合金界面周围残余应力梯度的中子衍射研究结果。该部件用于rbmk型电抗器通道的某些结构中。该部件中的应力是由于不同的制造工艺和两种合金之间的热膨胀系数不匹配而产生的。研究了不锈钢零件内部的残余应力分布和靠近界面处的残余应力梯度。实验采用脉冲重叠飞行时间衍射仪(POLDI) [1] (Paul Scherrer研究所,瑞士)和傅立叶应力衍射仪(FSD)[2]在IBR-2脉冲反应堆(瑞士杜布纳弗兰克中子物理实验室)上进行。
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引用次数: 1
Pressure-induced over-hydration in scolecite: A synchrotron powder diffraction study 压力诱导的头方石过度水化:同步加速器粉末衍射研究
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.405
A. Likhacheva, Y. Seryotkin, A. Manakov, S. Goryainov, A. Ancharov, M. Sheromov
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引用次数: 7
Advances in the characterisation of domain switching in ferroelectric ceramics 铁电陶瓷畴切换特性的研究进展
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.441
Jacob L. Jones, J. Daniels, E. Üstündag
In ferroelectric materials, extrinsic contributions such as domain wall vibrations, domain switching, and interphase boundary motion contribute to fatigue and aging, nonlinearity, and hysteresis in the piezoelectric response. It also affects the deformation behaviour, and influences the fracture mechanics. The most prevalent extrinsic contribution is ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching. Recent advances in diffraction techniques offer many opportunities for novel characterisation of domain switching and its influence on macroscopic properties. This paper presents the results of two such techniques which have been used to characterise extrinsic mechanisms in situ in a soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic. In the first example, stroboscopic, time-resolved neutron diffraction is used to represent the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching during a single cycle of a 1 kHz unipolar electric field with a magnitude of half of the coercive field. In the second example, highenergy X-ray microdiffraction is used to measure the spatial distribution of ferroelastic domain switching around a crack tip in transmission geometry under an applied stress intensity factor of KI=0.71 MPa•m. Introduction Ferroelectric ceramics are used in a wide variety of electromechanical devices including sonar, ultrasound, sensors and actuators, non-volatile memories, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In ferroelectric ceramics, changes in the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain structures can affect the measurable bulk properties in an advantageous or disadvantageous manner. For example, domain wall motion during dynamic actuation increases the electric-field-induced strain but also contributes to nonlinearity, hysteresis, and fatigue [1]. Domain switching also contributes to fracture toughness enhancement in ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramics, which is expressed both as an increase in the initiation toughness as well as a rising R-curve behaviour. It is therefore important to characterise such mechanisms in order to reveal their exact role in these and other cases. 442 European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 10 A schematic diagram of the process of domain switching is shown in figure 1. As shown, the application of an electric field or stress along particular directions of a bulk ceramic sample leads to a change in the volume fraction of domain types present within individual grains. Domain structures have been characterised using diffraction for decades [2]. The essence of such measurements is the relationship between the diffracted intensity of particular Bragg peaks and the volume fraction of ferroelectric/ferroelastic domains present within the sample. The simplest representation (i.e., for a sample with tetragonal symmetry) of the changes in the diffraction pattern is shown in figure 1(c).
在铁电材料中,畴壁振动、畴切换和相间边界运动等外在因素会导致压电响应中的疲劳和老化、非线性和滞后。它还影响变形行为,并影响断裂力学。最普遍的外在贡献是铁电/铁弹性畴开关。衍射技术的最新进展为新的表征畴转换及其对宏观性质的影响提供了许多机会。本文介绍了两种这种技术的结果,这两种技术已用于表征软锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷的原位外在机制。在第一个例子中,频闪,时间分辨中子衍射被用来表示在1 kHz单极电场的一个周期内,铁电/铁弹性域的切换,其大小为矫顽力场的一半。在第二个例子中,在施加应力强度因子KI=0.71 MPa•m的条件下,利用高能x射线微衍射测量了传输几何中裂纹尖端周围铁弹性畴切换的空间分布。铁电陶瓷广泛用于各种机电设备,包括声纳,超声波,传感器和执行器,非易失性存储器和微机电系统(MEMS)。在铁电陶瓷中,铁电/铁弹性畴结构的变化会以有利或不利的方式影响可测量的体性能。例如,在动态驱动过程中,畴壁运动增加了电场诱发的应变,但也会导致非线性、迟滞和疲劳[1]。畴切换还有助于铁电/铁弹性陶瓷的断裂韧性增强,表现为起始韧性的增加和r曲线行为的上升。因此,重要的是描述这些机制的特征,以便揭示它们在这些和其他情况下的确切作用。域切换过程的示意图如图1所示。如图所示,沿着大块陶瓷样品的特定方向施加电场或应力会导致单个晶粒内存在的畴类型的体积分数发生变化。畴结构已经用衍射表征了几十年[2]。这种测量的本质是特定布拉格峰的衍射强度与样品中存在的铁电/铁弹性畴的体积分数之间的关系。图1(c)显示了衍射图样变化的最简单表示(即,对于具有四方对称的样品)。
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引用次数: 1
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies of solubility limits in the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8spinel solid solutions 同步加速器x射线粉末衍射研究life5o8 - lial5o8尖晶石固溶体的溶解度
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.471
J. Darul, W. Nowicki, P. Piszora, E. Wolska
The formation of substitutional solid solutions between the isostructural LiFe5O8 and LiAl5O8 was studied by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction from room temperature up to 900°C. Structural characterization and distribution of cations in the A and B spinel sublat- tices for LiFe2.5Al2.5O8 were obtained by Rietveld structure refinement. We report new re- sults on the solubility limits in the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8 system. The "iron-rich" (LiAl1.2Fe3.8O8) and "aluminum-rich" (LiFe1.2Al3.8O8) solid solutions coexisted during the thermal treatment up to 900°C, and the formation of single-phase spinel solid solution was not observed.
采用同步x射线粉末衍射技术,在室温至900℃范围内研究了同构LiFe5O8和LiAl5O8之间取代固溶体的形成。通过Rietveld结构精细化,获得了LiFe2.5Al2.5O8中A、B尖晶石亚晶格中阳离子的结构表征和分布。我们报道了LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8体系中溶解度极限的新结果。在900℃热处理过程中,“富铁”(LiAl1.2Fe3.8O8)和“富铝”(LiFe1.2Al3.8O8)固溶体共存,未形成单相尖晶石固溶体。
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引用次数: 2
HT-XRD in the study of Cu-Li-Mg 用HT-XRD研究Cu-Li-Mg
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.299
M. Braga, J. Ferreira, L. Malheiros, M. Hämäläinen
In a previous study on Cu-Li-Mg system, the authors of the present paper con- cluded that the ternary phase in that system corresponds to CuMg2-xLix (x ~ 0.11), with a hexagonal structure, space group P6222 (180), and lattice parameters a = b = 0.5260 nm, c = 1.3649 nm (1). The structure was refined by the Rietveld method (2). In order to characterize the thermal behaviour of the ternary compound and to assess the Cu-Li-Mg phase diagram (3), HT-XRD measurements were performed on samples whose compositions were close to the one corresponding to the ternary compound. SEM/EDS measurements of the phases' compositions in equilibrium, as well as DSC/DTA heating curves, contributed to the identifi- cation of the transition temperatures and the phases present in equilibrium. It was concluded that the ternary phase decomposes at ~ 702 ± 2K.
在前人对Cu-Li-Mg体系的研究中,作者得出该体系中的三元相对应于CuMg2-xLix (x ~ 0.11),具有六边形结构,空间群P6222(180),晶格参数a = b = 0.5260 nm, c = 1.3649 nm(1)。通过Rietveld方法对结构进行了细化(2)。为了表征三元化合物的热行为并评估Cu-Li-Mg相图(3),对样品的组成与三元化合物的组成接近的样品进行了HT-XRD测量。平衡相组成的SEM/EDS测量以及DSC/DTA加热曲线有助于确定过渡温度和平衡相。结果表明,三元相在~ 702±2K时发生分解。
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引用次数: 1
Synchrotron radiation XRPD study on the early hydration of cements 水泥早期水化的同步辐射XRPD研究
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.411
M. Merlini, C. Meneghini, G. Artioli, T. Cerulli
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引用次数: 7
Powder pattern indexing and the dichotomy algorithm 粉末图案索引与二分算法
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKRI.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.191
D. Louër, A. Boultif
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引用次数: 42
Powder diffraction characterization of stacking disorder 堆积无序的粉末衍射表征
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.99
E. Estevez-Rams, A. Madrigal, P. Scardi, M. Leoni
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引用次数: 15
Neutron powder diffraction study on the magnetic ordering and structure of LixMn3-x-yFeyO4spinels lixmn3 -x- yfeyo4尖晶石磁性有序结构的中子粉末衍射研究
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.517
E. Wolska, W. Nowicki, J. Darul, M. Tovar, O. Prokhnenko, P. Piszora
Crystal and magnetic structures of a LixMn3-x-yFeyO4 single phase solid solutions series, formed between the normal spinel LiMn2O4 and the inverse spinel Li0.5Fe2.5O4, have been studied using neutron powder diffraction. We present new results on the changes in cation distribution over the tetrahedral and octahedral spinel sublattices, and the crystal structure refinements resulting from Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data. Single phase spinel solid solutions, with the molar fraction nFe=Fe:(Fe+Mn) = 0.1-0.5, have been investigated. The samples reveal different magnetic properties, from antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature for nFe=0.1, to the distinct ferrimagnetic (uncompensated antiferromagnetic) exchange occurring between A and B sites in AB2O4 for nFe=0.472.
用中子粉末衍射法研究了正尖晶石LiMn2O4和反尖晶石Li0.5Fe2.5O4之间形成的LixMn3-x-yFeyO4单相固溶体的晶体结构和磁性结构。我们提出了四面体和八面体尖晶石亚晶格上阳离子分布变化的新结果,以及中子粉末衍射数据的Rietveld分析导致的晶体结构改进。研究了摩尔分数为nFe=Fe:(Fe+Mn) = 0.1 ~ 0.5的单相尖晶石固溶体。样品表现出不同的磁性,从nFe=0.1时的低温反铁磁有序,到nFe=0.472时AB2O4中A位和B位之间发生明显的铁磁(未补偿的反铁磁)交换。
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引用次数: 1
Vacancies ordering in La3+1-xBa2+xFeO3-δperovskites
Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1524/ZKSU.2007.2007.SUPPL_26.381
A. Nadeev, S. Tsybulya, G. Kryukova, I. S. Yakovleva, L. Isupova
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引用次数: 3
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Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie
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