Monoterpene derivatives with spasmolytic activity inhibited acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, EC 3.1.1.7) in a dose dependent manner in vitro. The median inhibitory concentrations ranges between 10(-4) M and 10(-2) M. A significance of our finding may be the possible explanation of effects of monoterpene derivatives seen in distony of digestive tract.
{"title":"[Molecular pharmacological investigation of medicinal plant substances. II. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by monoterpene derivatives in vitro].","authors":"L Gracza","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-3-401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-3-401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoterpene derivatives with spasmolytic activity inhibited acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, EC 3.1.1.7) in a dose dependent manner in vitro. The median inhibitory concentrations ranges between 10(-4) M and 10(-2) M. A significance of our finding may be the possible explanation of effects of monoterpene derivatives seen in distony of digestive tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 3-4","pages":"151-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-3-401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15114434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Ribitsch, R De Clercq, W Folkhard, P Zipper, J Schurz, J Clauwaert
The influence of Mg2+ ions on the secondary and tertiary structure of the RNA from bacteriophage MS2 was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering and light scattering and by sedimentation experiments. The analysis of the outer part of the X-ray scattering curve obtained at low temperature in the absence of Mg2+ yielded a cross-section radius of gyration of 0.88 nm and a mass per unit length of 1720 g mol-1 nm-1. Very similar values for these parameters, which refer to the secondary structure of the RNA molecule, were also derived from the X-ray scattering curves obtained in the presence of different amounts of Mg2+ (0.07 to 1 ions per nucleotide). On the contrary, the inner part of the X-ray scattering curves turned out to be highly dependent on the Mg2+ concentration: the cross-section radius of gyration and the mass per unit length, which were determined from the scattering curves at small angles as parameters related to the tertiary structure of the RNA, amounted to 3.11 nm and 4000 g mol-1 nm-1, respectively, in the absence of Mg2+ and increased significantly upon raising the concentration of Mg2+. The increase of these structural parameters was found to be accompanied by a decrease of the overall radius of gyration (as revealed indirectly by X-ray scattering and directly by light scattering measurements) and by an increase of the sedimentation coefficient. The results from the investigations of the RNA at low temperature clearly establish the existence of double-stranded structures down to very low Mg2+ concentrations as well as the occurrence of Mg2+ induced changes of the tertiary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
采用小角x射线散射、光散射和沉降实验研究了Mg2+离子对噬菌体MS2中RNA二级和三级结构的影响。在没有Mg2+的情况下,对低温下获得的x射线散射曲线的外部进行分析,得到的截面旋转半径为0.88 nm,单位长度的质量为1720 g mol-1 nm-1。这些参数(指RNA分子的二级结构)的非常相似的值也可以从不同量的Mg2+(每核苷酸0.07到1个离子)存在下获得的x射线散射曲线中得到。相反,x射线散射曲线的内部部分高度依赖于Mg2+的浓度:在没有Mg2+的情况下,由小角度散射曲线确定的与RNA的第三级结构有关的截面旋转半径和单位长度质量分别为3.11 nm和4000 g mol-1 nm-1,随着Mg2+浓度的增加,它们显著增加。发现这些结构参数的增加伴随着总旋转半径的减小(由x射线散射间接和光散射测量直接揭示)和沉降系数的增加。低温下对RNA的研究结果清楚地证实了低Mg2+浓度下双链结构的存在以及Mg2+诱导的三级结构变化的发生。(摘要删节250字)
{"title":"Small-angle X-ray and light scattering studies on the influence of Mg2+ ions on the structure of the RNA from bacteriophage MS2.","authors":"G Ribitsch, R De Clercq, W Folkhard, P Zipper, J Schurz, J Clauwaert","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-3-417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-3-417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of Mg2+ ions on the secondary and tertiary structure of the RNA from bacteriophage MS2 was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering and light scattering and by sedimentation experiments. The analysis of the outer part of the X-ray scattering curve obtained at low temperature in the absence of Mg2+ yielded a cross-section radius of gyration of 0.88 nm and a mass per unit length of 1720 g mol-1 nm-1. Very similar values for these parameters, which refer to the secondary structure of the RNA molecule, were also derived from the X-ray scattering curves obtained in the presence of different amounts of Mg2+ (0.07 to 1 ions per nucleotide). On the contrary, the inner part of the X-ray scattering curves turned out to be highly dependent on the Mg2+ concentration: the cross-section radius of gyration and the mass per unit length, which were determined from the scattering curves at small angles as parameters related to the tertiary structure of the RNA, amounted to 3.11 nm and 4000 g mol-1 nm-1, respectively, in the absence of Mg2+ and increased significantly upon raising the concentration of Mg2+. The increase of these structural parameters was found to be accompanied by a decrease of the overall radius of gyration (as revealed indirectly by X-ray scattering and directly by light scattering measurements) and by an increase of the sedimentation coefficient. The results from the investigations of the RNA at low temperature clearly establish the existence of double-stranded structures down to very low Mg2+ concentrations as well as the occurrence of Mg2+ induced changes of the tertiary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 3-4","pages":"234-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-3-417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15114437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incubation of synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) with liposomes of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PIN) or phosphatidylglycerol (PGL), led to an increase of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity at concentrations of 0.1-1 mumol phospholipids per mg SPM protein. The use of higher concentrations (1-7 mumol/mg protein), however, led to a progressive inhibition of the activity with respect to the maximal percentage of enzyme stimulation. To explain the enzyme stimulation by the acidic phospholipids, AchE was solubilized with the detergent Lubrol-PX and showed no change in the enzyme activity at any PS, PIN or PGL concentration used, indicating that these compounds do not act on the protein molecule directly. Arrhenius plots of AchE activities in untreated SPM (control), exhibited a break point at 23 degrees C, which was decreased to 16-17 degrees C in PS-treated SPM. Moreover, the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) value in PS-treated SPM was increased related to the Ea below the break point in the control. These results indicate that acidic phospholipids do not act on AchE directly, but indirectly, affecting the membrane fluidity probably. Such modifications of interactions between lipid and AchE may control physiological processes in the central nervous system.
{"title":"Control of the activity of brain synaptosome-associated acetylcholinesterase by acidic phospholipids.","authors":"S Tsakiris","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incubation of synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) with liposomes of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PIN) or phosphatidylglycerol (PGL), led to an increase of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity at concentrations of 0.1-1 mumol phospholipids per mg SPM protein. The use of higher concentrations (1-7 mumol/mg protein), however, led to a progressive inhibition of the activity with respect to the maximal percentage of enzyme stimulation. To explain the enzyme stimulation by the acidic phospholipids, AchE was solubilized with the detergent Lubrol-PX and showed no change in the enzyme activity at any PS, PIN or PGL concentration used, indicating that these compounds do not act on the protein molecule directly. Arrhenius plots of AchE activities in untreated SPM (control), exhibited a break point at 23 degrees C, which was decreased to 16-17 degrees C in PS-treated SPM. Moreover, the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) value in PS-treated SPM was increased related to the Ea below the break point in the control. These results indicate that acidic phospholipids do not act on AchE directly, but indirectly, affecting the membrane fluidity probably. Such modifications of interactions between lipid and AchE may control physiological processes in the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15105520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ion exchange and affinity chromatography techniques, similar to those previously reported for purification of adenosine kinase from human placenta, were applied to purification of rat liver adenosine kinase. The enzyme, purified 400-fold in 41% yield, was homogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a molecular weight of 52000. It specific activity, 18 mumol/min/mg protein, is the highest hitherto reported for this enzyme from mammalian sources. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose removed about 98% of the phosphorylating activity towards 2'-deoxyadenosine present in the initial pH-treated liver extract. The final preparation exhibited only minimal activity (approximately 1.5%) under optimal conditions (pH 7.5) vs 2'-deoxy-adenosine, the lowest yet reported for such a preparation, with a Km of 670 microM, as compared to 0.3 microM for adenosine. The residual activity towards deoxyadenosine is considered an intrinsic property of the purified adenosine kinase and, in fact, phosphorylation of adenosine was inhibited competitively by deoxyadenosine, with a Ki of 70 microM. Competitive inhibition was also exhibited by cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) with a Ki of 150 microM. A more potent competitive inhibitor was tubercidin, the Ki for which was 1.9 microM.
{"title":"Purification and properties of adenosine kinase from rat liver: separation from deoxyadenosine kinase activity.","authors":"A K Drabikowska, L Halec, D Shugar","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ion exchange and affinity chromatography techniques, similar to those previously reported for purification of adenosine kinase from human placenta, were applied to purification of rat liver adenosine kinase. The enzyme, purified 400-fold in 41% yield, was homogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a molecular weight of 52000. It specific activity, 18 mumol/min/mg protein, is the highest hitherto reported for this enzyme from mammalian sources. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose removed about 98% of the phosphorylating activity towards 2'-deoxyadenosine present in the initial pH-treated liver extract. The final preparation exhibited only minimal activity (approximately 1.5%) under optimal conditions (pH 7.5) vs 2'-deoxy-adenosine, the lowest yet reported for such a preparation, with a Km of 670 microM, as compared to 0.3 microM for adenosine. The residual activity towards deoxyadenosine is considered an intrinsic property of the purified adenosine kinase and, in fact, phosphorylation of adenosine was inhibited competitively by deoxyadenosine, with a Ki of 70 microM. Competitive inhibition was also exhibited by cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) with a Ki of 150 microM. A more potent competitive inhibitor was tubercidin, the Ki for which was 1.9 microM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14121117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phospholipase C-activity in crude extracts of bovine blood platelets is strongly inhibited by the calmodulin-inhibitors fluphenazine and calmidazolium in the mM range, and activated by ATP and ADP, but not by AMP. The activating effect is also shown by the nonhydrolysable ATP- and ADP-analogs alpha,beta- and beta,gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate and alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate, thus indicating that it is an allosteric effect. The stimulation of the phospholipase C-activity by ATP is also detectable in some partially purified fractions of the crude platelet extract, but it is abolished on further purification of the enzyme.
{"title":"Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from bovine blood platelets. Inhibition by calmodulin-inhibitors--activation by ATP and ADP.","authors":"H Benedikter, G Knopki, P Renz","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phospholipase C-activity in crude extracts of bovine blood platelets is strongly inhibited by the calmodulin-inhibitors fluphenazine and calmidazolium in the mM range, and activated by ATP and ADP, but not by AMP. The activating effect is also shown by the nonhydrolysable ATP- and ADP-analogs alpha,beta- and beta,gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate and alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate, thus indicating that it is an allosteric effect. The stimulation of the phospholipase C-activity by ATP is also detectable in some partially purified fractions of the crude platelet extract, but it is abolished on further purification of the enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15105515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of 5-heptadecenylresorcinol and total rye 5-alkenylresorcinols isolated from rye grains on the red blood cell water permeability was studied using osmotic shrinkage experiments performed in 300 mM sucrose. The studied compounds induced significant increase of erythrocyte water permeability. The threshold concentration needed for the increase of water permeability was in an order of 10(-6) mol/l. The temperature dependence of the observed process showed the discontinuity which was related to the 5-alkenylresorcinol transition temperatures. It was shown also that alkenylresorcinols did not exert the biphasic action on hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes usually observed for water soluble surfactants. The specific lysine activity is postulated for the studied compounds.
{"title":"Higher cardol homologues (5-alkenylresorcinols) from rye affect the red cell membrane-water transport.","authors":"A Kozubek","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of 5-heptadecenylresorcinol and total rye 5-alkenylresorcinols isolated from rye grains on the red blood cell water permeability was studied using osmotic shrinkage experiments performed in 300 mM sucrose. The studied compounds induced significant increase of erythrocyte water permeability. The threshold concentration needed for the increase of water permeability was in an order of 10(-6) mol/l. The temperature dependence of the observed process showed the discontinuity which was related to the 5-alkenylresorcinol transition temperatures. It was shown also that alkenylresorcinols did not exert the biphasic action on hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes usually observed for water soluble surfactants. The specific lysine activity is postulated for the studied compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"80-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15105517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fluorescence spectra of colonies of Propionibacterium acnes were studied under various experimental conditions. The spectra contained peaks at 580 nm and 620 nm. These bands were due to two different components; the 580 nm component was likely to be a metalloporphyrin, and there are indications that the 620 nm component could be a coproporphyrin. The 580 nm fluorescence was destroyed by the combined action of light and oxygen (no destruction under strict anaerobic conditions). A dark period interrupting the bleaching light stopped the destruction of this component for the time of the dark period. The initial production of the 620 nm component was due to the oxygen exposure. Upon light irradiation this component was later destroyed by the combined action of oxygen and light.
{"title":"Photodestruction of Propionibacterium acnes porphyrins.","authors":"T B Melø, G Reisaeter, A Johnsson, M Johnsson","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fluorescence spectra of colonies of Propionibacterium acnes were studied under various experimental conditions. The spectra contained peaks at 580 nm and 620 nm. These bands were due to two different components; the 580 nm component was likely to be a metalloporphyrin, and there are indications that the 620 nm component could be a coproporphyrin. The 580 nm fluorescence was destroyed by the combined action of light and oxygen (no destruction under strict anaerobic conditions). A dark period interrupting the bleaching light stopped the destruction of this component for the time of the dark period. The initial production of the 620 nm component was due to the oxygen exposure. Upon light irradiation this component was later destroyed by the combined action of oxygen and light.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"125-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15105514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The response of yeast cells to different kinds of "stress" is not identical. Cells of the stationary growth phase synthesize three new proteins of molecular weights 68, 27 and 24 kD, compared with cells of the exponential growth phase, while heat-shocked cells exhibit new proteins of 100, 90, 84, 70 and 24 kD. After treatment with acrylonitrile two new proteins with molecular weights of 70 and 46 kD appear. However, all three kinds of "stress" lead to the induction of a ribonuclease.
{"title":"Occurrence of \"stress\"-proteins in yeast after heat-shock, acrylonitrile treatment and during the stationary growth phase.","authors":"U Pfeffer, B Schulz-Harder","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The response of yeast cells to different kinds of \"stress\" is not identical. Cells of the stationary growth phase synthesize three new proteins of molecular weights 68, 27 and 24 kD, compared with cells of the exponential growth phase, while heat-shocked cells exhibit new proteins of 100, 90, 84, 70 and 24 kD. After treatment with acrylonitrile two new proteins with molecular weights of 70 and 46 kD appear. However, all three kinds of \"stress\" lead to the induction of a ribonuclease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"26-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15004888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mM/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mM/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0-7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27 degrees up to 37 degrees C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 degrees C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C-sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n-alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1-bioreactor with an intensor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source.
{"title":"Production of four interfacial active rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol by resting cells of Pseudomonas species DSM 2874.","authors":"C Syldatk, S Lang, U Matulovic, F Wagner","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mM/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mM/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0-7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27 degrees up to 37 degrees C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 degrees C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C-sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n-alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1-bioreactor with an intensor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"61-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15037800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of osmolarity, calcium concentration and cell-size liposomes in the subphase on the surface tension of phospholipid monolayers were investigated. The monolayers were spread from chloroform solutions of phosphatidic acid at air/water solution interface. The liposomes (of average diameter 3 micron) were formed from phosphatidic acid/egg lecithin (1:2) mixtures in water or 0.1 M water solutions of sucrose. For this system there were critical concentrations of calcium ions to produce a large reduction of the monolayer surface tension. The threshold calcium concentrations depended upon the sucrose concentration in the subphase. Without sucrose the threshold calcium concentration was 8 mM, while for isoosmotic sucrose solutions (0.1/0.1 M in/out of liposome) it was 14 mM. It sharply increased to 28 mM CaCl2 at sucrose concentration difference across the liposome membrane 0.02 M and decreased to 26 mM, 19 mM, and 18 mM with further increase of that difference to 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, respectively. The rate of monolayer surface tension decrease was measured as a function of time at 30 mM CaCl2 and different sucrose concentrations in the subphase solution. The initial rates at first decreased with increasing the osmotic pressure and after that they increased. The minimum occurred at sucrose concentration gradient across the liposome membrane 0.02 M, i.e., at the point of maximum threshold calcium concentration required for large decrease of the monolayer surface tension. These facts may be explained by recent theories of dynamics of adhesion, instability and fusion of membranes modeled as thin films.
研究了亚相中渗透压、钙浓度和细胞大小对磷脂单分子膜表面张力的影响。磷脂酸氯仿溶液在空气/水溶液界面上扩散单层膜。磷脂酸/卵磷脂(1:2)的混合物在水中或0.1 M蔗糖水溶液中形成平均直径为3微米的脂质体。对于该系统,钙离子的临界浓度可以使单层表面张力大幅降低。阈值钙浓度取决于亚期蔗糖浓度。无蔗糖时,阈值钙浓度为8 mM,而等渗蔗糖溶液(0.1/0.1 M in/out of lipo质体)的阈值钙浓度为14 mM。当脂质体膜上蔗糖浓度差0.02 M时,阈值钙浓度急剧上升至28 mM CaCl2,当阈值钙浓度差进一步增加至0.04 M、0.06 M和0.08 M时,阈值钙浓度分别下降至26 mM、19 mM和18 mM。在30 mM CaCl2和不同蔗糖浓度的亚相溶液中,测量了单层表面张力下降的速率作为时间的函数。初始速率起初随渗透压的增加而降低,之后又增加。最小值出现在脂质体膜上的蔗糖浓度梯度为0.02 M时,即在单分子膜表面张力大幅降低所需的最大阈值钙浓度点。这些事实可以用最近的薄膜黏附、不稳定和融合动力学理论来解释。
{"title":"Kinetics of calcium-induced fusion of cell-size liposomes with monolayers in solutions of different osmolarity.","authors":"N Stoicheva, I Tsoneva, D S Dimitrov, I Panaiotov","doi":"10.1515/znc-1985-1-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-1-218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of osmolarity, calcium concentration and cell-size liposomes in the subphase on the surface tension of phospholipid monolayers were investigated. The monolayers were spread from chloroform solutions of phosphatidic acid at air/water solution interface. The liposomes (of average diameter 3 micron) were formed from phosphatidic acid/egg lecithin (1:2) mixtures in water or 0.1 M water solutions of sucrose. For this system there were critical concentrations of calcium ions to produce a large reduction of the monolayer surface tension. The threshold calcium concentrations depended upon the sucrose concentration in the subphase. Without sucrose the threshold calcium concentration was 8 mM, while for isoosmotic sucrose solutions (0.1/0.1 M in/out of liposome) it was 14 mM. It sharply increased to 28 mM CaCl2 at sucrose concentration difference across the liposome membrane 0.02 M and decreased to 26 mM, 19 mM, and 18 mM with further increase of that difference to 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, respectively. The rate of monolayer surface tension decrease was measured as a function of time at 30 mM CaCl2 and different sucrose concentrations in the subphase solution. The initial rates at first decreased with increasing the osmotic pressure and after that they increased. The minimum occurred at sucrose concentration gradient across the liposome membrane 0.02 M, i.e., at the point of maximum threshold calcium concentration required for large decrease of the monolayer surface tension. These facts may be explained by recent theories of dynamics of adhesion, instability and fusion of membranes modeled as thin films.</p>","PeriodicalId":23914,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences","volume":"40 1-2","pages":"92-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/znc-1985-1-218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15037803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}