Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie. 1. Abt. Originale. A: Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionskrankheiten und Parasitologie最新文献

From 1200 feces-samples streaks of carnivorous domestic animals (1027 from dogs, 173 from cats) 744 streptococci-strains were isolated and differentiated. 87% proved their, self to be streptococcus group D/enterococcus, 13% falled to 11 others species, much-numerous represented streptococci of Viridans-group (Sc. MG, Sc. milleri, Sc. salivarius, Sc. viridans), Sc. group G (beta-hemolytic biotypes) and Sc. lactis (group N). Among the group D-spezies the most showed species at dogs was Sc. bovis (35%), retinued by Sc. faecium and Sc. durans (ever about 18%) and the both Sc.-faecalis-sub-spezies var. liquefaciens and var. faecalis (ever about 8%). At cats, the relation respecting to group D-shares, especially of Sc. bovis, were strong varying. All together an interesting survey on the qualitative composition of the streptococcal flora in dog- and cat-intestine was obtained.

A large proportion of human and animals' (buffaloes, sheep and mares) serum samples contained haemagglutinins against a polyvalent preparation of commonly occurring Salmonella somatic groups (4, 12; 4, 5, 12; 6, 7; 9, 12; 3, 10; 11 and 16) by indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The inhibition of Salmonella haemagglutinins in serum samples of man and animals by 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that IgM moiety of immunoglobulins mainly participated in haemagglutination. The detection of haemagglutinins in large numbers of serum samples of animals and human at a titre of 1/80 or more by IHA may be considered important from Salmonella surveillance point of view.

Agglutinin-absorption and precipitin-absorption studies demonstrated that three strains of weak beta-hemolytic treponeme isolated from cases of diarrhea of swine and from a clinically normal dog were antigenically different from each other.

A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen. Using polystyrene as the solid phase and peroxidase-labelled rabbit antibody the assay detected the antigen in concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml. Linearity was achieved within the range of 1ng to 10 microgram/ml. Subtle measurements of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen in body fluids are possible through ELISA which is superior to counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex-particle agglutination in this respect. ELISA should facilitate investigations concerning PRP pathogenic effects in experimental Hib infection as well as in human Hib disease.

An enzyme-immuno-assay (EIA) was developed for the determination of antibodies to Listeria monocytogenes O- and H-antigens of serotypes 1 and 4b, which are predominant in the Federal Republic of Germany. The results correlated well with the tube agglutination but the titers in EIA were considerably higher. Thus one advantage of EIA was its sensitivity. In addition, the EIA offers the possibility to detect antibodies belonging to different immunoglobulin classes. The EIA is easy to perform and required smaller amounts of reagents than the tube agglutination. Since optical densitys is determined in the EIA, the data obtained in this system are less variable than the tube agglutination which is read by eye. The method proved also to be useful for the detection of Listeria-Antigen. Approximately 0.3 microgram/ml of H-antigen could still be detected in the EIA. Since the serological diagnosis of Listeria-infections is hampered by the cross-reactions to various other bacterial antigens the detection of Listeria-antigen by a sensitive immunological procedure could be of considerable value. This is especially the case when culture procedures are not promising, e.g. during or after antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Two kinds of spirochetes were observed by dark-field microscopy in the urine of a leptospirosis patient on day 26 after the onset of the disease. The spirochetes were identified as treponemes and leptospires. A classification of the treponemes on basis of their morphology was attempted by means of electron microscopy with no conclusive result. Cultivation of the spirochetes was unsuccessful. Sera obtained prior to, during and after the excretion of spirochetes were tested for antibodies in routine serology tests for leptospirosis and syphilis. The diagnosis leptospirosis was confirmed by a rise and subsequent fall in antibody titres. The sera were nonreactive in syphilis serology tests, but showed a weak fluorescence in a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test when Treponema calligyrum was used as antigen. It could not be determined whether this reaction was due to antibodies raised in response to antigens of the excreted treponemes.

The presence of antigenic variants of leptospiras was confirmed by the leptospiricidal reaction mediated by the antiserum plus complement. More than 99% of the organisms of virulent L. copenhageni Shibaura were destroyed microscopically after treatment with the anti-L. copenhageni Shibaura antiserum (1: 2000) plus guinea pig complement (1: 20). The leptospiras which survived treatment with the antiserum plus complement produced colonies on the solid serum medium at a rate of 0.09%. Eighty-seven percent of the survivors were found to be antigenic variants. The antigenicity of these variants reversed to that of the parent after 3--5 passages in the liquid normal serum medium.

Neuraminidases can be detected in members of the anaerobic gram-negative non-sporing rods (Bacteroidaceae), especially in the genus Bacteroides. B. fragilis, the most virulent species, has the highest neuraminidase activity, while the other intestinal species exhibit markedly lower activities or the enzyme is completely absent. Members of the Bacteroides oralis group, so far investigated, degrade only substrates of lower molecular weight.

161 strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci, that had been isolated from patients' material, and 7 reference strains were group]ed with the techniques of precipitation, direct immunofluorescence, co-agglutination (Phadebact Streptococcus Test), latex agglutination (Streptex), and biochemical tests (Api-Strep). From the reference strains one group G strain was incorrectly identified with the Api-Strep. The direct immunofluorescence test yielded a result in agreement with the precipitation method in 94% of the freshly isolated strains. Co-agglutination and latex agglutination gave corresponding results with the precipitation method in 99%, taking into consideration that the first method doesn't apply to groups D and F. The biochemical determination with Api-Strep gave correct results with all strains of groups A and B, but did not do so with some group G and most of the group C streptococcal strains. Therefore especially co-agglutination and latex agglutination can be recommended for routine diagnostic purposes as reliable, rapid, and simple methods.