Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBC), a synthetic tissue adhesive and graft material, on the healing of experimentally induced joint defects in rats. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats with an average body weight of 250 - 300g were used in this experiment. In the experimental group, NBC was given into the induced defects (2.00 mm) and then, they were closed routinely. In the control group, no intervention was made on the defects and they were closed routinely. All animals were observed during 30 days. In the radiological evaluation, the significant differences were recorded from days 15 to 30 between groups. In the histopathological evaluation, the distributions of collagen II and transforming growth factor-beta immuno-positive cells were more intense in experimental group than control group. As a result, the radiological and histopathological evaluations indicated that using NBC in joint defect increased tissue compatibility of newly formed cartilage cells and collagen fibers. However, how NBC provides chondrocyte production and harmony between the damaged and surrounding tissues remains a subject that must be studied.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Dermacentor marginatus isolated from Hainan Island, a tropical island in China, has recently been elucidated. This ornate sheep tick is a three-host species, meaning it requires feeding on different hosts throughout its larval, nymph, and adult stages. This broad host range contributes significantly to its role in the transmission of various pathogens including spotted fever group rickettsia. The mitochondrial genome of D. marginatus was sequenced and found to be a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule with a total length of 15,005 bp. The genome exhibited a guanine and cytosine (GC) content of 21.23%, reflecting its unique genetic composition. Annotation of the genome revealed the presence of 37 genes, comprising 22 tRNA genes, 13 mRNA genes as protein-coding genes, (PCGs) and two rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis placed D. marginatus closest to D. silvarum from Heilongjiang province in China, clustering with D. sinicus from Hubei province in China. D. marginatus also exhibited proximity to D. species from China and other countries forming a distinct cluster. The availability of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of D. marginatus marked a notable advancement in deciphering the genetic diversity and evolutionary path of this tick species. The study concentrated on the mitochondrial genome of D. marginatus from Hainan Island, examining its genetic and phylogenetic features, and assessing genomic variations that may influence mitochondrial function and tropical adaptation. The investigation into the genetic adaptations of D. marginatus to its tropical niche yielded vital information for forecasting how tick populations may react to changes in climate and diverse environmental conditions.

American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB) diseases caused by Paenibacillus larvae and Meliscococcus plutonius are prevalent honeybee brood diseases that pose significant economic challenges to the apiculture industry globally. Antibiotic treatment has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, encouraging the search for alternative and safe measures to effectively control these diseases. Honeybee gut microbiomes have proven effects on all spectra of honeybee health by enhancing resistance to several diseases via immune modulation and the production of different antimicrobial metabolites. The major part of the gut microbiota is identified as probiotic bacteria, which are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Probiotics have shown promising health benefits for honeybees. Honeybee gut probiotics provide protection via the production of different metabolites (postbiotics), such as hydrogen peroxide, vitamins, organic acids, free fatty acids, bacteriocins, neurotransmitters, secreted bio-surfactants, and reactive oxygen species. Vast numbers of these gut bacteria and their postbiotics have wide-spectrum antibacterial effects on AFB and EFB. This review highlights the significance of the honeybee gut microbial community, its probiotic potency, and the role of postbiotic metabolites as safe prophylactic measures for preventing AFB and EFB diseases in honeybees.

The administration of dispersed allogeneic biomaterial (AB) into the para-articular region and joint cavity allows slowing down the processes of tissue destruction in arthritis. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of AB on the course of experimental adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. For modeling of AA, complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the plantar surface of the hind paw of 60 white outbred female rats. The study included intact group, control group, and experimental group. After 37 days of the experiment, blood was collected for hematological analysis and the knee joint with surrounding tissues was harvested for standard histological examination. Intra-articular administration of AB to experimental rats while using complete Freund's adjuvant neutralized the manifestation of signs of a generalized inflammatory process in the joints and reduced the degree of destructive changes in the articular apparatus, preserving the structure of the cartilaginous layer. The use of AB made it possible to stabilize the red and white blood cells levels in the experimental group, as well as significantly increase the reduced level of monocytes. Intra-articular administration of AB during AA modeling exhibits an osteo- and chondro-protective effect, providing positive anti-inflammatory and symptom-modifying effects and weakening the manifestation of pathomorphological changes in the joints of experimental rats.

Sterilization in animals serves multiple purposes, such as behavior control, performance improvement, and population management. Chemical sterilization has emerged as a promising non-surgical alternative to traditional methods. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intra-testicular injection of zinc-doped carbon dots (Zn-CDs) nanoparticles as a chemical sterilant in mature rats. Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups, including a control group without injection, a sham group receiving 0.50 mL distilled water, and three treatment groups administered respectively 0.50, 2.00, and 8.00 mg kg^-1 of Zn-CDs synthesized through a hydrothermal process. Following anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, and aseptic preparation, intra-testicular injections were administered bilaterally. At 60^th day post-injections, blood samples were collected to measure serum testosterone levels using chemiluminescence immunoassay. The rats were then surgically castrated to assess sperm parameters and testicular histopathology. Testicular oxidant/anti-oxidant status was also evaluated. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in sperm viability, membrane integrity, and motility, accompanied by increased sperm DNA damage. The highest Zn-CDs dose caused the most significant decrease in sperm concentration, as well as severe testicular tissue damage. In addition, anti-oxidant capacity, seminiferous tubules maturation, testosterone production, and spermatogenesis declined with increasing Zn-CDs concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that intra-testicular injection of Zn-CDs effectively induces infertility in mature rats and holds potential as a chemical sterilization method. With further studies to evaluate safety and efficacy, this approach could be developed as a practical solution for large-scale in situ castration, offering a non-surgical alternative for over-population control programs.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different cage densities and meat storage periods on some meat quality parameters in drumstick and breast meat of brown and white spent hens. The study used three different cage densities as low (5 hens per cage), normal (seven hens per cage) and high (10 hens per cage) including 396 hens as 198 Hy-Line Brown (HB) and 198 Isa Tinted (IT). The feeding of chickens was ad libitum (20 - 60 weeks). At the end of the study, a total number of 54 chickens (27 HB and 27 IT) were slaughtered. Some chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out by separating the drumstick and breast area of the slaughtered chickens. According to the results of the research, the redness and yellowness values of the breast area were higher in the ITs. The effect of cage density was significant only for yellowness in the drumstick area. The effects of storage time, lightness and yellowness in the drumstick area and lightness value in the breast area were found to be significant. Bacterial density and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of both breast and drumstick regions of spent hens were higher in HBs, while pH values were higher in ITs. The bacterial density in the meat was increased during the storage period. In conclusion, cage density, genotype and storage time affected the microbiological and chemical quality of spent chicken meat. With this result, it can be said that meat quality studies, which mostly focus on broilers, are also important in spent hens.

Pneumonia remains a significant economic burden on the small ruminant industry. Excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in copper and zinc can accompany pneumonia. As these micro-nutrients play crucial roles in immune function and anti-oxidant defence, modulating their levels may influence the disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different therapeutic regimens on copper and zinc status in lambs with pneumonia. Twenty lambs with pneumonia were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: oxytetracycline and tylosin (OT), OT plus vitamin B1 (OTVB1), OT plus vitamin C (OTVC), and OT plus vitamin B1 and vitamin C (OTVB1C). A control group received only distilled water. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 6, and 14 for subsequent assessment of plasma copper and zinc concentrations. While the control group maintained stable levels, the pneumonic groups exhibited varying degrees of changes. Plasma copper concentrations increased significantly in all pneumonic groups compared to the control group throughout the study. The OT and OTVB1C groups had the highest number of lambs with increased copper level. Plasma zinc concentrations decreased significantly in the OT and OTVB1 groups, with the lowest levels in the OTVB1 group on day 3. The OTVC group mirrored the control group with stable levels. The OTVB1C group, compared to the other groups, showed a more persistent reduction. These findings suggest that the effects of the various treatment regimens on plasma copper and zinc levels may be complex and time-dependent.

This study investigated the antioxidant and apoptotic systems of blue swimmer crabs at various reproductive stages, providing valuable insights into their potential as biological markers, particularly in the polluted Persian Gulf. Our research along the coasts of Hendijan County, Iran, involved capturing live crabs (167 ± 52.07 g), examining their morphological traits and determining their reproductive stages through dissection and histological analysis. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling), and enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured using colorimetric methods. Variations were observed in the abundance of apoptotic cells within the hepatopancreas across reproductive stages. The second stage exhibited the lowest values and the first stage displayed the highest indicating a potential link between reproductive activity and apoptosis. Furthermore, enzymes representing the antioxidant system demonstrated various activities during ovarian development. Notably, the second ovarian stage demonstrated the highest catalase (5.63 mM per g protein) and malondialdehyde (12.14 mM per g protein) activities indicating an elevated response to oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrated that apoptotic cell numbers were fluctuated throughout the reproductive stages in the crabs, with the highest levels observed during the first stage and the lowest during the second stage. Understanding these fluctuations not only aids in distinguishing between reproductive and non-reproductive phases but also offers valuable insights into the broader physiological changes occurring throughout the cycle.

The Q fever is a zoonotic bacterial infection caused by an obligate intra-cellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. Members of the Canidae family (Mammalia), including dogs and foxes, are potential reservoirs of C. burnetii, which has a wide host range from mammals and birds to arthropods (primarily ticks). Infected dogs can transmit the disease to other animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the presence of C. burnetii in dogs and ticks collected from infested dogs in the Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdir provinces of Türkiye by serological and molecular methods. Three hundred canine serum samples were analyzed for phase I and phase II C. burnetii antibodies using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whole blood samples (n = 300) from the dogs sampled for sera and 184 ticks randomly collected from these dogs were also analyzed for C. burnetii with touch-down polymerase chain reaction. The ticks were classified according to the taxonomic characteristics. In result, 107 tick DNA samples collected from individual females and pooled males were evaluated. The C. burnetii was detected in 3.73% (of the tick samples. However, C. burnetii was not detected in any of the canine blood samples by polymerase chain reaction. Out of the 300 dogs, 18.33% presented antibodies against C. burnetii in their blood serum. When assessed for location, C. burnetii seropositivity was found to be significantly high especially in the Northeastern Anatolia region (18.33%). Study data highlighted the zoonotic risk of ticks, demonstrating that ticks on dogs can carry C. burnetii.

While severe shortage of feed has presented livestock industry with a major challenge, millions of tons of fruit by-products (FBPs) are discarded annually, as valuable sources of energy and numerous nutrients. However, some of FBPs contain high tannins that must be treated for use in animal feeding. This study was investigated the effect of tannin-degrading bacteria isolated from the rumen of some ruminants on the in vitro digestibility and gas production of FBPs silage. The FBPs, including pomegranate peel (PP), and the pulps of lemon (LP), grape (GP), and orange (OP) were ensilaged with tannin-degrading bacteria (enzyme activity: 10.46 - 8.60 U mL^-1) isolated from the rumen of male goat (Escherichia coli GHMGHE41), deer (Escherichia fergusonii GHMGHE44), ram (E. fergusonii GHMGHE30), and camel (Klebsiella aerogenes GHMGHE38). After anaerobic incubation (30 days; 39.00 ˚C), PP + camel strain silage showed the highest dry matter, and the lowest natural acid detergent fiber and pH. The camel strain increased crude protein content of LP silage to the highest level, and decreased acid detergent fiber of GP silage to the lowest level. The highest digestibility was observed for LP + goat strain silage (50.37%) compared to the uninoculated OP silage (42.73%). The maximum ammonia (N-NH₃) and minimum level of pH were recorded for the silages of LP + goat strain and PP + CR strain, respectively. Overall, the current results showed that tannin-degrading E. coli GHMGHE41 and K. aerogenes GHMGHE38 were able to improve the digestibility of LP and PP silages as ingredients in ruminants' diets.