Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) heavily depends on host machinery to support its life cycle. Investigating the interaction between PRV and host could aid in the understandings of viral pathogenesis. In this study, we performed a 4D label free proteomic method to examine the differentially expressed proteins in porcine kidney PK-15 cells with PRV infection. The results showed that the levels of 661 proteins were significantly elevated and 693 proteins were markedly reduced. Furthermore, these altered proteins were primarily enriched in spliceosome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), RNA transport, and protein export. To ensure the reliability of the proteomic results, the protein levels of formin binding protein 11 and wolfram syndrome 1as components of spliceosome and ER were verified via western blotting and the results were consistent. Together, our data shed light on a new protein profiling induced by PRV infection and highlighted the importance of spliceosome and ER in PRV replication which could promote understandings of host-PRV interplay.

The present study was planned to confirm the clinical diagnosis of canine distemper in dogs with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and its comparison with lateral flow assay based immuno-chromatographic (IC) technique. Fifty clients owned dogs having clinical signs suggestive of respiratory, skin or nervous form of canine distemper were included in the study. An immuno-chromatography-based test was applied using serum to screen each of the suspected dog. In addition to serum, nasal discharges of 15 cases and ocular discharges of 10 samples were used to diagnose canine distemper. Screening with IC kit revealed 72.00% serum samples positive, 66.66% ocular and 50.00% nasal samples were found positive for antigen. The RT-PCR targeting N gene of canine distemper virus was used for the molecular diagnosis of canine distemper. Out of 50 blood samples tested with RT-PCR assay, 38 (76.00%) samples were positive showing characteristics band of 287bp. Statistical comparison of IC Kit (serum samples) results with RT-PCR results comparison showed that IC kit was 52.00% accurate with 36.84% sensitivity, 100% specificity, positive predictive value of 93.33% and negative predictive value of 31.43%. In the current study it was observed that the IC test was rapid, quick and specific but was found to be less sensitive compared to RT-PCR.

This study examined the effects of alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG; 2.00, 4.00, and 8.00 mM L^-1) and folic acid (FA; 50.00 nM L^-1) on bull sperm cells under ammonia stress induced by 175 µM L^-1 ammonium chloride. Sperm parameters including kinematic motility, survival rate, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activities, and apoptosis were assessed in the groups. Sperm motility indices, survival rate, plasma membrane integrity, SOD, CAT, TAC, and GPx enzymes activity, DNA damage, and apoptosis in the treated groups were significantly differed from those in the control groups. The AKG concentrations of 4.00 and 8.00 mM L^-1 co-supplemented with 50.00 nM L^-1 FA mitigated the negative effects of ammonia on sperm cells. This study indicated that supplementation with AKG and FA at the desired concentrations counteracted the adverse effects of ammonia toxicity that preceded clinical signs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the fertility of these sperms, either in vitro or in vivo.

China's burgeoning animal husbandry sector has witnessed a notable expansion in goose farming. Among the various health challenges, a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) has emerged as a significant threat to the industry, necessitating prompt detection strategies to mitigate its economic impact. This research introduces a novel detection approach using real-time fluorescence-based reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA), offering a rapid and reliable method for GoAstV identification. We meticulously designed specific primers and probes, and optimized the RT-RAA reaction conditions. The assay's specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and clinical efficacy were rigorously assessed. Our method achieves detection within a swift 26-min window at a constant temperature of 39.00 ˚C, boasting a detection threshold as low as 1.19 × 10² copies per μL. Notably, the assay exhibited no cross-reactivity with closely related viruses, including Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus H9 subtype, goose circovirus, goose parvovirus, duck Tembusu virus, and avian adenovirus type 4. Validation through testing of 40 clinical samples confirmed a 100% agreement with pre-existing data. The study's outcomes underscore the high specificity, sensitivity, and operational simplicity of the developed RT-RAA assay, positioning it as an ideal candidate for the rapid and on-site detection of GoAstV.

Bovine subclinical mastitis represents a major cause of severe economic losses in dairy farms. This research aimed to detect the antimicrobial resistance trends of Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the presence of mecA, mphC, lnuA, tetK and tetL antimicrobial resistance genes in raw bulk milk in the period between December 2023 and February 2024. One hundred raw bulk cow milk samples were gathered from different dairy farms in Egypt. The prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis was 65.00% using California mastitis test. The prevalence of isolated S. aureus was 46.15% via bacterial culturing and all isolates (n = 30) were confirmed via hemolytic activity, catalase and coagulase test, and gram staining followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc1 gene. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was applied on all confirmed S. aureus isolates utilizing the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The highest resistance was verified for tetracycline at 100% followed by erythromycin and clindamycin at 56.66 and 16.66%, respectively. The highest sensitivity at 100% was verified for amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, ampicillin plus sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, imipenem, tobramycin, doxycycline and vancomycin. Multidrug resistance was found in 20.00% of the total isolates. Methicillin resistant S. aureus represented by mecA gene was identified in 83.33% of isolates. Macrolides resistant S. aureus represented by mphC gene was identified in 16.66% of isolates. Lincosamide resistant S. aureus represented by inuA gene was identified in 66.66% of isolates. Tetracycline resistant S. aureus represented by tetK and tetL genes was detected in 23.33 and 53.33% of isolates, respectively. This study provided antibiotic-resistant S. aureus profiles to dairy farms to avoid treatment failure, adverse effects on animal health and economic impact for the owner of the animal.

Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) is a homeopathic product used in the veterinary field. This study aimed to determine the effects of TCAE on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the embryo. The study used 220 fertile, incubated chicken eggs divided into 11 equal groups on the 7^th day of incubation. The groups comprised untreated and physiological saline control groups, a group with TCAE alone, four groups with varying doses of Cd alone and four groups with the same doses of Cd plus TCAE. At the end of the incubation period, the eggs were opened, kidney and liver tissue samples were taken for histopathology and the number of dead and living embryos were recorded. In the prsent study, the median lethal dose of Cd was determined to be 0.029 mg per egg and the median lethal dose of Cd plus TCAE was determined to be 0.020 mg per egg. The histopathological examinations determined that kidney and liver damage were increased when TCAE and Cd were administered together, that was higher than when Cd was given alone. Thus, TCAE, which had no toxic effect on the embryo when used alone, might increase the embryotoxic activity of Cd. However, more detailed studies are needed.

In this study, the effect of Gundelia tournefortii (GT) extract against diabetic gastropathy was investigated by pathological methods. The animal groups were designed as the control, diabetes, diabetes + GT50, diabetes + GT100, and diabetes + GT200 groups. No treatment was applied to the control group. The other groups received 45.00 mg kg^-1 streptozotocin intraperitoneally on the experimental day. The treatment groups were also given 50.00, 100, and 200 mg kg^-1 of GT extract daily by gavage for 21 days. Tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to reveal the presence of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha), apoptosis (cysteine aspartate specific proteases-3), and oxidative stress (heat shock protein-27). Histopathological examination revealed no pathological lesion in the control group. In the diabetes group, mucosal tissue damage, and vascular and inflammatory changes were observed. In the treatment groups, GT decreased histopathological findings in parallel with the dose increase. Immunohistochemical examination revealed no immunopositivity in the control group, while severe immunopositivity was observed in the diabetes groups in terms of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In the treatment groups, there was a decrease in the severity of immunopositivity's depending on the dose increase. As a result of this study, which has not been done before, GT was found to have a protective effect against gastropathy, being an important complication of diabetes, and this study is thus an important reference point for future research and promises new hope for the patients.

This report presented a case of the concurrent diagnosis of early feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma in a tricolored mixed stray cat. Histopathological examination of biopsy samples identified melanoma on the nasal planum, lips along with metastasis to the submandibular lymph nodes. The initial treatment included surgical resection of the primary nasal planum neoplasm and the metastatic lesions in the submandibular lymph nodes. The necropsy, performed 40 days after the surgery, revealed the metastatic nodules in multiple organs including the liver, lungs, thyroids, pericardium, pleura, peritoneum, kidneys, and numerous lymph nodes. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic neoplastic tissue composed of a mixture of epithelioid and spindle cells in primary and metastatic tumors. Additionally, the anterior surface of the iris contained 4 - 5 rows of melanocytic interstitial infiltration indicative of early FDIM. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells showed positive immunoreactivity for Melan-A. To the authors' knowledge, this case represented the first reported case of concurrent FDIM and cutaneous melanoma in a feline patient.

Cisplatin (CS) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent that causes serious adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, despite its potent anti-tumor efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of betaine in rats exposed to repeated low-dose CS administration using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Forty female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, including control, betaine, CS, and CS + betaine. Betaine (250 mg kg^-1) was administered orally on a daily basis for four weeks, while CS (8.00 mg kg^-1) was administered intraperitoneally once a week for the same duration. Cardiomyocytes were then examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Histopathological analysis revealed cardiomyocyte disorganization, myofibril loss, and increased eosinophilia in the CS group. Betaine treatment partially prevented CS-induced histological damage, contributing to the cardiac muscle structure preservation. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant increase in transforming growth factor-beta and interferon gamma expressions in the CS group, whereas betaine administration reduced transforming growth factor-beta levels. Interleukin 6 expression was lower in the CS + betaine group compared to the CS group. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding Interleukin-1β expression. These findings suggest that betaine may have protective effects against CS-induced cardiotoxicity. Its anti-inflammatory properties appear to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage.

Respiratory infections are considered within the major constraints of animal production; viruses are the major causing pathogens. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in sheep and goats and the existence of co-infections. A total of 270 sheep and 220 goat pneumonic lung tissues were collected from slaughterhouses in four different areas. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the antigen of the three viruses, fluorescent antibody technique and polymerase chain reaction confirmed enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay positive results. Prevalence detected for PIV-3 was 11.10% in sheep and 9.50% in goats, pestivirus was 10.40% in sheep and 7.70% in goats, and RSV was 17.80% in sheep and 5.00% in goats. Detected co-infections were 5.60% for PIV-3 and pestivirus in sheep and 4.00% in goats and pestivirus and RSV was observed only in goats (1.40%). Co-infection of the three viruses was detected in only one goat sample (1.00%). The existence of the three viruses in sheep and goats was confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the co-infections of PIV-3, pestivirus, and RSV in sheep and goats in the studied areas.