Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

This study was conducted in West Azerbaijan province, Iran (37°27'18.022" N, 45°0'0" E) to investigate the genotyping and phylogenetic characterization of Mannheimia haemolytica in cattle and buffaloes from November 2022 to January 2024. Mannheimia haemolytica is a bacterium known to cause pasteurellosis pneumonia, a respiratory disease in ruminants, such as cattle and sheep. This is one of the main causes of economic losses in the feedlot industry. In addition to the deaths, treatment costs are also significant. The lung and nasal swab samples were collected from 378 cattle and buffaloes. The M. haemolytica was detected in 32 (8.46%) of the samples, with a notably higher isolation rate from lung tissue (56.25%; n = 18) compared to the nasal swabs (43.75%; n = 14). Interestingly, the study also revealed a seasonal pattern, with the highest isolation rates observed during January, February, and March. Multi-locus sequence typing demonstrated that all isolates belonged to sequence type 1 (ST1) within clonal complex 28. This finding is consistent with the global prevalence of ST1 in bovine isolates, indicating widespread distribution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong correlation between ST1 and STs 30 and 54, highlighting the prevalence of ST1 in M. haemolytica among ruminants in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Further research is needed to investigate its potential for causing disease and its transmission pattern.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) are among one of the most prevalent and important infectious agents, which cause a severe economic impact on pig farming worldwide. Circulation of these viruses together in the same pig population may lead to the syndemic infection with altered pathogenicity and thereby pathology and clinical manifestation of the diseases. The present study evaluated syndemic infection between PRRSV and PCV2 in the pig population reared in the backyard farms in Mizoram state of India. The syndemicity between PRRSV and PCV2 was confirmed by clinico-pathological studies followed by simultaneous detection of both the viruses in tissue samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), immunohisto-chemistry and SYBR green-based real-time PCR / RT- PCR. The syndemicity resulted to a more severe respiratory disease in affected pigs. Pathological studies on affected pigs revealed a combined picture of hemorrhagic lesions with lymphadenopathy. The SYBR green-based absolute quantification assay estimated the PCV2 load in more quantities than that of PRRSV in all the tissues. The highest PRRSV load was detected in the lungs, while the highest PCV2 load was detected in mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes. The co-circulation of different pathogenic viruses and their persistent infections in a population is always a matter of great concern to pig producers across the world. The present findings highlighted the similar situation with syndemic infection of PRRSV with PCV2 for the first time in Mizoram, India, that caused severe respiratory disease in affected pigs.

An outbreak of contagious foot rot due to Fusobacterium necrophorum infection was reported in a herd of four-horned antelopes (Tetracerus quadricornis) in a wildlife sanctuary at Goa, India. The infected animals showed signs of anorexia, limping and foot lesions, like erosions and sloughing of hooves. Mortality was recorded in two antelopes in which gross lesions, like generalized congestion of skeletal muscles and internal organs, and multi-focal to coalescing abscesses in lung, pleura, and diaphragm were observed. Histopathological evaluation of interdigital skin showed zones of coagulative necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, congestion, hemorrhage, and thrombosis in the dermis. Lung showed extensive areas of consolidation with alveolar edema, hyperemic alveolar capillaries, hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The bacterial culture from heart blood, lung, liver, and kidney tissues revealed isolation of F. necrophorum being also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using amplification of lktA gene of F. necrophorum. In addition, the PCR also confirmed the presence of F. necrophorum DNA in the interdigital skin, lung, and liver tissues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the F. necrophorum isolate from the present study grouped closely with isolates from Australia, China, Pakistan, and Iraq, as well as an Indian isolate from goat. The affected live animals were treated with oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medicines, and vitamin supplements for seven days, and recovered. This study confirmed the first outbreak of contagious foot rot and systemic infection with F. necrophorum in a herd of four-horned antelopes in India.

Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) is a homeopathic product used in the veterinary field. This study aimed to determine the effects of TCAE on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the embryo. The study used 220 fertile, incubated chicken eggs divided into 11 equal groups on the 7^th day of incubation. The groups comprised untreated and physiological saline control groups, a group with TCAE alone, four groups with varying doses of Cd alone and four groups with the same doses of Cd plus TCAE. At the end of the incubation period, the eggs were opened, kidney and liver tissue samples were taken for histopathology and the number of dead and living embryos were recorded. In the prsent study, the median lethal dose of Cd was determined to be 0.029 mg per egg and the median lethal dose of Cd plus TCAE was determined to be 0.020 mg per egg. The histopathological examinations determined that kidney and liver damage were increased when TCAE and Cd were administered together, that was higher than when Cd was given alone. Thus, TCAE, which had no toxic effect on the embryo when used alone, might increase the embryotoxic activity of Cd. However, more detailed studies are needed.

In this study, the effect of Gundelia tournefortii (GT) extract against diabetic gastropathy was investigated by pathological methods. The animal groups were designed as the control, diabetes, diabetes + GT50, diabetes + GT100, and diabetes + GT200 groups. No treatment was applied to the control group. The other groups received 45.00 mg kg^-1 streptozotocin intraperitoneally on the experimental day. The treatment groups were also given 50.00, 100, and 200 mg kg^-1 of GT extract daily by gavage for 21 days. Tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to reveal the presence of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha), apoptosis (cysteine aspartate specific proteases-3), and oxidative stress (heat shock protein-27). Histopathological examination revealed no pathological lesion in the control group. In the diabetes group, mucosal tissue damage, and vascular and inflammatory changes were observed. In the treatment groups, GT decreased histopathological findings in parallel with the dose increase. Immunohistochemical examination revealed no immunopositivity in the control group, while severe immunopositivity was observed in the diabetes groups in terms of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In the treatment groups, there was a decrease in the severity of immunopositivity's depending on the dose increase. As a result of this study, which has not been done before, GT was found to have a protective effect against gastropathy, being an important complication of diabetes, and this study is thus an important reference point for future research and promises new hope for the patients.

Sterilization in animals serves multiple purposes, such as behavior control, performance improvement, and population management. Chemical sterilization has emerged as a promising non-surgical alternative to traditional methods. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intra-testicular injection of zinc-doped carbon dots (Zn-CDs) nanoparticles as a chemical sterilant in mature rats. Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups, including a control group without injection, a sham group receiving 0.50 mL distilled water, and three treatment groups administered respectively 0.50, 2.00, and 8.00 mg kg^-1 of Zn-CDs synthesized through a hydrothermal process. Following anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, and aseptic preparation, intra-testicular injections were administered bilaterally. At 60^th day post-injections, blood samples were collected to measure serum testosterone levels using chemiluminescence immunoassay. The rats were then surgically castrated to assess sperm parameters and testicular histopathology. Testicular oxidant/anti-oxidant status was also evaluated. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in sperm viability, membrane integrity, and motility, accompanied by increased sperm DNA damage. The highest Zn-CDs dose caused the most significant decrease in sperm concentration, as well as severe testicular tissue damage. In addition, anti-oxidant capacity, seminiferous tubules maturation, testosterone production, and spermatogenesis declined with increasing Zn-CDs concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that intra-testicular injection of Zn-CDs effectively induces infertility in mature rats and holds potential as a chemical sterilization method. With further studies to evaluate safety and efficacy, this approach could be developed as a practical solution for large-scale in situ castration, offering a non-surgical alternative for over-population control programs.

China's burgeoning animal husbandry sector has witnessed a notable expansion in goose farming. Among the various health challenges, a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) has emerged as a significant threat to the industry, necessitating prompt detection strategies to mitigate its economic impact. This research introduces a novel detection approach using real-time fluorescence-based reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA), offering a rapid and reliable method for GoAstV identification. We meticulously designed specific primers and probes, and optimized the RT-RAA reaction conditions. The assay's specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and clinical efficacy were rigorously assessed. Our method achieves detection within a swift 26-min window at a constant temperature of 39.00 ˚C, boasting a detection threshold as low as 1.19 × 10² copies per μL. Notably, the assay exhibited no cross-reactivity with closely related viruses, including Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus H9 subtype, goose circovirus, goose parvovirus, duck Tembusu virus, and avian adenovirus type 4. Validation through testing of 40 clinical samples confirmed a 100% agreement with pre-existing data. The study's outcomes underscore the high specificity, sensitivity, and operational simplicity of the developed RT-RAA assay, positioning it as an ideal candidate for the rapid and on-site detection of GoAstV.

Bovine subclinical mastitis represents a major cause of severe economic losses in dairy farms. This research aimed to detect the antimicrobial resistance trends of Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the presence of mecA, mphC, lnuA, tetK and tetL antimicrobial resistance genes in raw bulk milk in the period between December 2023 and February 2024. One hundred raw bulk cow milk samples were gathered from different dairy farms in Egypt. The prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis was 65.00% using California mastitis test. The prevalence of isolated S. aureus was 46.15% via bacterial culturing and all isolates (n = 30) were confirmed via hemolytic activity, catalase and coagulase test, and gram staining followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc1 gene. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was applied on all confirmed S. aureus isolates utilizing the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The highest resistance was verified for tetracycline at 100% followed by erythromycin and clindamycin at 56.66 and 16.66%, respectively. The highest sensitivity at 100% was verified for amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, ampicillin plus sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, imipenem, tobramycin, doxycycline and vancomycin. Multidrug resistance was found in 20.00% of the total isolates. Methicillin resistant S. aureus represented by mecA gene was identified in 83.33% of isolates. Macrolides resistant S. aureus represented by mphC gene was identified in 16.66% of isolates. Lincosamide resistant S. aureus represented by inuA gene was identified in 66.66% of isolates. Tetracycline resistant S. aureus represented by tetK and tetL genes was detected in 23.33 and 53.33% of isolates, respectively. This study provided antibiotic-resistant S. aureus profiles to dairy farms to avoid treatment failure, adverse effects on animal health and economic impact for the owner of the animal.

This report presented a case of the concurrent diagnosis of early feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma in a tricolored mixed stray cat. Histopathological examination of biopsy samples identified melanoma on the nasal planum, lips along with metastasis to the submandibular lymph nodes. The initial treatment included surgical resection of the primary nasal planum neoplasm and the metastatic lesions in the submandibular lymph nodes. The necropsy, performed 40 days after the surgery, revealed the metastatic nodules in multiple organs including the liver, lungs, thyroids, pericardium, pleura, peritoneum, kidneys, and numerous lymph nodes. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic neoplastic tissue composed of a mixture of epithelioid and spindle cells in primary and metastatic tumors. Additionally, the anterior surface of the iris contained 4 - 5 rows of melanocytic interstitial infiltration indicative of early FDIM. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells showed positive immunoreactivity for Melan-A. To the authors' knowledge, this case represented the first reported case of concurrent FDIM and cutaneous melanoma in a feline patient.

Cisplatin (CS) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent that causes serious adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, despite its potent anti-tumor efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of betaine in rats exposed to repeated low-dose CS administration using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Forty female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, including control, betaine, CS, and CS + betaine. Betaine (250 mg kg^-1) was administered orally on a daily basis for four weeks, while CS (8.00 mg kg^-1) was administered intraperitoneally once a week for the same duration. Cardiomyocytes were then examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Histopathological analysis revealed cardiomyocyte disorganization, myofibril loss, and increased eosinophilia in the CS group. Betaine treatment partially prevented CS-induced histological damage, contributing to the cardiac muscle structure preservation. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant increase in transforming growth factor-beta and interferon gamma expressions in the CS group, whereas betaine administration reduced transforming growth factor-beta levels. Interleukin 6 expression was lower in the CS + betaine group compared to the CS group. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding Interleukin-1β expression. These findings suggest that betaine may have protective effects against CS-induced cardiotoxicity. Its anti-inflammatory properties appear to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage.