Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2225795
Loyiso Ndlebe, N. Tyler, M. Ciacciariello
SUMMARY The broiler meat sector is one of the most valuable contributors to food security in most developed and developing countries, thus, ensuring its viability is crucial. Feed energy (ME) and protein (CP) are jointly the greatest feed constituents and cost factors in broiler production. And these have been shown to influence broiler performance significantly. The relationship between these feed components is commonly described as a ratio of their dietary densities. Different ratios (narrow to wider) will influence overall performance measures differently and effects on performance parameters such as feed intake (FI) and the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio, or efficiency (FCR or FCE) (in a range of determined ratios) can be linear or non-linear. On main effects, high ME will usually decrease FI and exacerbate excessive fat deposition. At the same time, dietary CP/amino acid (AA) density is directly proportional to carcass and breast meat yield. Overall, a proportionate increase in both ME and protein while maintaining a constant ME: CP ratio (as per breeder or NRC recommendations) will result in the best broiler responses. The optimal balance can be determined through modelling responses for various production goals and conditions.
{"title":"Effect of varying levels of dietary energy and protein on broiler performance: a review","authors":"Loyiso Ndlebe, N. Tyler, M. Ciacciariello","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2225795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2225795","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The broiler meat sector is one of the most valuable contributors to food security in most developed and developing countries, thus, ensuring its viability is crucial. Feed energy (ME) and protein (CP) are jointly the greatest feed constituents and cost factors in broiler production. And these have been shown to influence broiler performance significantly. The relationship between these feed components is commonly described as a ratio of their dietary densities. Different ratios (narrow to wider) will influence overall performance measures differently and effects on performance parameters such as feed intake (FI) and the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio, or efficiency (FCR or FCE) (in a range of determined ratios) can be linear or non-linear. On main effects, high ME will usually decrease FI and exacerbate excessive fat deposition. At the same time, dietary CP/amino acid (AA) density is directly proportional to carcass and breast meat yield. Overall, a proportionate increase in both ME and protein while maintaining a constant ME: CP ratio (as per breeder or NRC recommendations) will result in the best broiler responses. The optimal balance can be determined through modelling responses for various production goals and conditions.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"449 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74618642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2225794
M. Kekana, A. Engelbrecht, M. Bonato, S. Cloete
SUMMARY The domestication of ostriches and commercialisation of ostrich farming started in South Africa in the 19th century for the production and harvesting of feathers. Ostrich feathers were the primary product of farmed ostriches until the collapse of the feather market in 1914. Because ostrich feathers are not used for flying, they have different attributes than other bird feathers, which makes them unique and valued. This review summarises knowledge regarding ostrich feather production and research since the feather industry has again become an important contributor to the farmers’ income in South Africa, which supplies most of the ostrich feathers used worldwide. Wing feathers on ostriches grow at a rate of 2.5 to 5 cm per week, which varies based on the bird’s age and nutritional status. Adult birds can produce 380–400 g of white plume. Factors such as good husbandry practices, age, sex, breed, nutrition and climate can affect feather production. In addition, genetic selection can be used to increase feather quantity and quality because the heritability of these feather production variables is significant and in the low to moderate range. Developments in these disciplines are summarised, and recommendations for future research are made.
{"title":"Ostrich (Struthio camelus) feather production and research: an historic overview","authors":"M. Kekana, A. Engelbrecht, M. Bonato, S. Cloete","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2225794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2225794","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The domestication of ostriches and commercialisation of ostrich farming started in South Africa in the 19th century for the production and harvesting of feathers. Ostrich feathers were the primary product of farmed ostriches until the collapse of the feather market in 1914. Because ostrich feathers are not used for flying, they have different attributes than other bird feathers, which makes them unique and valued. This review summarises knowledge regarding ostrich feather production and research since the feather industry has again become an important contributor to the farmers’ income in South Africa, which supplies most of the ostrich feathers used worldwide. Wing feathers on ostriches grow at a rate of 2.5 to 5 cm per week, which varies based on the bird’s age and nutritional status. Adult birds can produce 380–400 g of white plume. Factors such as good husbandry practices, age, sex, breed, nutrition and climate can affect feather production. In addition, genetic selection can be used to increase feather quantity and quality because the heritability of these feather production variables is significant and in the low to moderate range. Developments in these disciplines are summarised, and recommendations for future research are made.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"619 - 637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234337
Hua Zhou, Lei Yang, T. Zou, Qiufen Li, M. Qu, Jingming You, Guanhong Li
SUMMARY Dietary fibre (DF) is considered an anti-nutritional factor due to its negative impact on feed intake and nutrient digestibility. However, there is growing evidence that DF benefits fat deposition in poultry. It may alleviate fat accumulation by regulating the abundance of beneficial gut microbial communities associated with anti-fat deposition. DFs may also regulate the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, then stimulating lipid catabolic genes (CPT-1 and PPARα), inhibiting lipid anabolic genes (FAS, ACC, and SREBP-1c), which will ultimately lead to reduced lipogenesis. Determining the physiochemical properties, structure and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits. This paper critically reviews the available data on the impact of supplemented DF on fat deposition in poultry and examines the mechanisms behind how DF regulates lipid metabolism. Collectively, understanding these benefits will help scientists and industry use DF in poultry nutrition for health and cost-effectiveness.
{"title":"Regulation of poultry lipid metabolism by dietary fibre: a review","authors":"Hua Zhou, Lei Yang, T. Zou, Qiufen Li, M. Qu, Jingming You, Guanhong Li","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234337","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Dietary fibre (DF) is considered an anti-nutritional factor due to its negative impact on feed intake and nutrient digestibility. However, there is growing evidence that DF benefits fat deposition in poultry. It may alleviate fat accumulation by regulating the abundance of beneficial gut microbial communities associated with anti-fat deposition. DFs may also regulate the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, then stimulating lipid catabolic genes (CPT-1 and PPARα), inhibiting lipid anabolic genes (FAS, ACC, and SREBP-1c), which will ultimately lead to reduced lipogenesis. Determining the physiochemical properties, structure and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits. This paper critically reviews the available data on the impact of supplemented DF on fat deposition in poultry and examines the mechanisms behind how DF regulates lipid metabolism. Collectively, understanding these benefits will help scientists and industry use DF in poultry nutrition for health and cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"485 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73047748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234341
A. C. Fluck, K. M. Cardinal, O. A. D. Costa, Leonardo Piffer de Borba, Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires
SUMMARY Factors such as price, egg availability, lifestyle and origin influence egg purchases. The eggshell and yolk colour can also influence consumer decisions at the time of purchase. Therefore, the objective of the study is to identify whether the physical characteristics of eggs, such as the colour of the yolk and shell, influence the purchase decision through a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. After the selection, 17 studies (from 1963 to 2021) were compiled. The United States presented the largest number of studies on the topic among the countries. The number of article observations ranged from 197 to 7845 respondents, and it was possible to verify that most of the respondents were women. Most respondents showed preference for brown eggs and the medium yellow colour was the most cited answer as preferred by consumers. Although eggs are one of the most consumed foods of animal origin in the world, there is still a lack of knowledge on the part of consumers about the factors that influence the characteristics of eggs, demonstrating that inaccurate information can affect preferences and consumption habits.
{"title":"Yolk and eggshell colour: are these the parameters that influence egg purchasing? A systematic review","authors":"A. C. Fluck, K. M. Cardinal, O. A. D. Costa, Leonardo Piffer de Borba, Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234341","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Factors such as price, egg availability, lifestyle and origin influence egg purchases. The eggshell and yolk colour can also influence consumer decisions at the time of purchase. Therefore, the objective of the study is to identify whether the physical characteristics of eggs, such as the colour of the yolk and shell, influence the purchase decision through a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. After the selection, 17 studies (from 1963 to 2021) were compiled. The United States presented the largest number of studies on the topic among the countries. The number of article observations ranged from 197 to 7845 respondents, and it was possible to verify that most of the respondents were women. Most respondents showed preference for brown eggs and the medium yellow colour was the most cited answer as preferred by consumers. Although eggs are one of the most consumed foods of animal origin in the world, there is still a lack of knowledge on the part of consumers about the factors that influence the characteristics of eggs, demonstrating that inaccurate information can affect preferences and consumption habits.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"551 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88620874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234342
P. Selle, S. P. Macelline, P. Chrystal, S. Liu
SUMMARY The purpose of the review is to reappraise amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition so that the chicken-meat industry may be better placed to enhance the utilisation of protein and amino acids by broiler chickens. The quest to develop reduced-crude protein diets emphasises the dichotomy between protein-bound and non-protein-bound (synthetic, crystalline) amino acids with respect to digestive dynamics. The successful development and adoption of reduced-crude protein diets will almost certainly demand a superior knowledge of amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition than is presently the case. Consequently, there is a need to identify the shortfalls in our comprehension so that they may be corrected. The intestinal uptakes of amino acids and their transition across enterocytes along the small intestine to enter the portal circulation is an area that is poorly understood. Similarly, this applies to protein turnover and the post-enteral metabolism and partitioning of amino acids into protein body segments. Feathering demands about 10% of dietary amino acids in broiler chickens, but the amino acid profile of feathers is radically different to that of skeletal muscle. The likelihood is that more attention should be paid to the amino acid requirements of feathering, more so when birds are offered reduced-crude protein diets because there is the possibility that preference is given to partitioning of amino acids for feathering. Reduced-crude protein diets hold several potential advantages including reduced nitrogen and ammonia emissions and a decreased dependence on soybean meal as a major source of protein. Hence, the need for a better comprehension of amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition.
{"title":"A reappraisal of amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition","authors":"P. Selle, S. P. Macelline, P. Chrystal, S. Liu","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234342","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The purpose of the review is to reappraise amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition so that the chicken-meat industry may be better placed to enhance the utilisation of protein and amino acids by broiler chickens. The quest to develop reduced-crude protein diets emphasises the dichotomy between protein-bound and non-protein-bound (synthetic, crystalline) amino acids with respect to digestive dynamics. The successful development and adoption of reduced-crude protein diets will almost certainly demand a superior knowledge of amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition than is presently the case. Consequently, there is a need to identify the shortfalls in our comprehension so that they may be corrected. The intestinal uptakes of amino acids and their transition across enterocytes along the small intestine to enter the portal circulation is an area that is poorly understood. Similarly, this applies to protein turnover and the post-enteral metabolism and partitioning of amino acids into protein body segments. Feathering demands about 10% of dietary amino acids in broiler chickens, but the amino acid profile of feathers is radically different to that of skeletal muscle. The likelihood is that more attention should be paid to the amino acid requirements of feathering, more so when birds are offered reduced-crude protein diets because there is the possibility that preference is given to partitioning of amino acids for feathering. Reduced-crude protein diets hold several potential advantages including reduced nitrogen and ammonia emissions and a decreased dependence on soybean meal as a major source of protein. Hence, the need for a better comprehension of amino acids in broiler chicken nutrition.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"429 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78598585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234343
M. F. Giersberg, B. Rodenburg
SUMMARY Cage-free housing of pullets and laying hens is becoming more and more popular around the world. This paper reviews the literature on the most common cage-free rearing systems for pullets: floor systems with or without elevated structures, multi-tier systems, systems with access to a covered veranda and/or a free-range, and organic systems. The aim is to provide an extensive overview of various aspects of these cage-free systems, such as structure and size and functional elements for the birds. Most research on pullets in cage-free systems focuses on the prevention of health and welfare problems during the later laying period. Investigations on the actual health and welfare status during rearing are rare. There is evidence that pullets should be reared in a system as similar as possible to the later housing system for layers. Particularly for complex multi-tier systems, pullets need to develop sufficient adaptive skills. Effects of providing environmental enrichment during rearing, such as plastic objects, hay or alfalfa bales and pecking blocks, on welfare in early and later life are inconsistent across all alternative pullet housing systems. To prevent feather pecking, other factors like diet and space allowance have to be considered as well. There is a need for further research regarding free-range and organic housing systems for pullets. In addition, environmental-, economic- and food safety aspects of rearing pullets in cage-free systems should be investigated in future research. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Advances in keeping laying hens in various cage-free systems: part I rearing phase","authors":"M. F. Giersberg, B. Rodenburg","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234343","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Cage-free housing of pullets and laying hens is becoming more and more popular around the world. This paper reviews the literature on the most common cage-free rearing systems for pullets: floor systems with or without elevated structures, multi-tier systems, systems with access to a covered veranda and/or a free-range, and organic systems. The aim is to provide an extensive overview of various aspects of these cage-free systems, such as structure and size and functional elements for the birds. Most research on pullets in cage-free systems focuses on the prevention of health and welfare problems during the later laying period. Investigations on the actual health and welfare status during rearing are rare. There is evidence that pullets should be reared in a system as similar as possible to the later housing system for layers. Particularly for complex multi-tier systems, pullets need to develop sufficient adaptive skills. Effects of providing environmental enrichment during rearing, such as plastic objects, hay or alfalfa bales and pecking blocks, on welfare in early and later life are inconsistent across all alternative pullet housing systems. To prevent feather pecking, other factors like diet and space allowance have to be considered as well. There is a need for further research regarding free-range and organic housing systems for pullets. In addition, environmental-, economic- and food safety aspects of rearing pullets in cage-free systems should be investigated in future research. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"535 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91308078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disease prevalence and seasonal outbreaks are challenging the poultry industry in Ethiopia. Proper and sustainable implementation of biosecurity practices is important to reverse such problems. This study was conducted in commercial poultry farms in two zones of Ethiopia to investigate farm characteristics, implementation of biosecurity practices, and biosecurity status (BS) using a structured questionnaire. The variables were grouped into three biosecurity factors, including conceptual, structural, and operational biosecurity, based on their homogeneity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the results. Most commercial farms were owned by males (69.7%). The majority of the farms (40.3%) were located at a distance <50 m from residential areas. Farm owners do not provide biosecurity training to their employees (68.8%), which results in poor biosecurity implementation. The mean conceptual, structural, and operational BS were 50.4 ± 11.62, 63.27 ± 10.51, and 44.69 ± 13.04, respectively, indicating operational biosecurity measurements were less implemented. Overall, the BS indicated that 40.7% of the farms have BS < 50% questing for interventions. Farm characteristics and biosecurity measurements were positively associated with BS, which shows substantial room for improvement. Owners’ education, occupation, experience, farm flock size, and training were significantly associated with BS (p < 0.05). A disease prevention strategy through biosecurity improvement is an economical means for controlling poultry disease prevalence.
{"title":"Assessment of Biosecurity Practices and Its Status in Small- and Medium-Scale Commercial Poultry Farms in Arsi and East Showa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Tsegaye, B. Tamir, G. Gebru","doi":"10.3390/poultry2020025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2020025","url":null,"abstract":"Disease prevalence and seasonal outbreaks are challenging the poultry industry in Ethiopia. Proper and sustainable implementation of biosecurity practices is important to reverse such problems. This study was conducted in commercial poultry farms in two zones of Ethiopia to investigate farm characteristics, implementation of biosecurity practices, and biosecurity status (BS) using a structured questionnaire. The variables were grouped into three biosecurity factors, including conceptual, structural, and operational biosecurity, based on their homogeneity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the results. Most commercial farms were owned by males (69.7%). The majority of the farms (40.3%) were located at a distance <50 m from residential areas. Farm owners do not provide biosecurity training to their employees (68.8%), which results in poor biosecurity implementation. The mean conceptual, structural, and operational BS were 50.4 ± 11.62, 63.27 ± 10.51, and 44.69 ± 13.04, respectively, indicating operational biosecurity measurements were less implemented. Overall, the BS indicated that 40.7% of the farms have BS < 50% questing for interventions. Farm characteristics and biosecurity measurements were positively associated with BS, which shows substantial room for improvement. Owners’ education, occupation, experience, farm flock size, and training were significantly associated with BS (p < 0.05). A disease prevention strategy through biosecurity improvement is an economical means for controlling poultry disease prevalence.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91095636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ionov, Oleg O. Katerinich, V. Kuchmistov, O. Anisimova, D. Griffin, Michael N Romanov, I. O. Zhukova
One of the major problems impeding the sustainable development of goose production is low egg hatchability. Thus, it is imperative to develop more efficient ways to improve the hatching qualities of goose eggs. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in the temperature regime of incubation on the availability of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol), as well as important elements of antioxidant protection in embryos and goslings. The initial heating of eggs at temperatures of 39 and 39.5 °C during the first 24 or 36 h was used as the main factor influencing goose embryo development. The dynamics in the content of antioxidant retinol and α-tocopherol were analyzed in the liver of embryos and goslings (up to 9 days of age) using the standard regime of incubation (at 38 °C) and the prior heating of eggs (at 39 °C and 39.5 °C) in the first 24 and 36 h of incubation. The obtained results provided new information about the effect of the initial heating of eggs on the function of antioxidants in the gosling’s body. It was confirmed that the age-related changes of retinol and α-tocopherol levels in goslings are similar to those found in chicks, ducklings, and turkey-poults. In addition, the effect of an egg’s weight on hatchability was established, with the hatchability of eggs in the medium weight class being higher than that of smaller and larger eggs. The efficiency of the redistribution of retinol from the yolk to the liver in day-old goslings was higher by 6% when exposing eggs to a temperature of 39.5 °C for 36 h. The initial heating regime at 39.5 °C led to an increased hatch of goslings, and to the evenness of their hatch from eggs of different weights, approaching the hatch values of the medium class. Overall, the α-tocopherol concentration in the liver of embryos and goslings, using the starting heating of eggs, was higher than that with the standard temperature mode of incubation. At the same time, the hatch rate of goslings increased by 9–13%, and the hatchability of eggs by 10–16%. For use in the practice of hatcheries and breeding poultry farms, it is recommended that goose eggs are heated for 36 h at 39.5 °C.
{"title":"Vitamin E and A Availability in Goose Embryos and Goslings and Improvement of Reproduction Traits Depending on the Starting Temperature Regime of Egg Incubation","authors":"I. Ionov, Oleg O. Katerinich, V. Kuchmistov, O. Anisimova, D. Griffin, Michael N Romanov, I. O. Zhukova","doi":"10.3390/poultry2020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2020023","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems impeding the sustainable development of goose production is low egg hatchability. Thus, it is imperative to develop more efficient ways to improve the hatching qualities of goose eggs. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in the temperature regime of incubation on the availability of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol), as well as important elements of antioxidant protection in embryos and goslings. The initial heating of eggs at temperatures of 39 and 39.5 °C during the first 24 or 36 h was used as the main factor influencing goose embryo development. The dynamics in the content of antioxidant retinol and α-tocopherol were analyzed in the liver of embryos and goslings (up to 9 days of age) using the standard regime of incubation (at 38 °C) and the prior heating of eggs (at 39 °C and 39.5 °C) in the first 24 and 36 h of incubation. The obtained results provided new information about the effect of the initial heating of eggs on the function of antioxidants in the gosling’s body. It was confirmed that the age-related changes of retinol and α-tocopherol levels in goslings are similar to those found in chicks, ducklings, and turkey-poults. In addition, the effect of an egg’s weight on hatchability was established, with the hatchability of eggs in the medium weight class being higher than that of smaller and larger eggs. The efficiency of the redistribution of retinol from the yolk to the liver in day-old goslings was higher by 6% when exposing eggs to a temperature of 39.5 °C for 36 h. The initial heating regime at 39.5 °C led to an increased hatch of goslings, and to the evenness of their hatch from eggs of different weights, approaching the hatch values of the medium class. Overall, the α-tocopherol concentration in the liver of embryos and goslings, using the starting heating of eggs, was higher than that with the standard temperature mode of incubation. At the same time, the hatch rate of goslings increased by 9–13%, and the hatchability of eggs by 10–16%. For use in the practice of hatcheries and breeding poultry farms, it is recommended that goose eggs are heated for 36 h at 39.5 °C.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"123 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83441338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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