Seyed Abolghasem Fatemi, Christopher J. Williams, Joshua Deines, Edgar David Peebles
In ovo injection of the Marek’s disease (MD) vaccine (MDV) has been widely practiced in commercial US hatcheries. However, the MDV is very sensitive and may not be compatible with some nutrients when administered together by in ovo injection. When individually administered by in ovo injection, L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) have previously exhibited very promising results on the post-hatch physiological and immunological characteristics of broilers subjected to stressful commercial conditions. However, the compatibility of the MDV with these vitamins has not been previously explored. Their compatibility must first be established before their combined administration by in ovo injection can be considered. Therefore, the objective in this study was to determine the compatibility of the MDV with various levels of 25OHD3 or L-AA. The treatments employed were MDV-alone, MDV in combination with 0.6 (low) or 2.4 (high) μg doses of 25OHD3, or MDV in combination with 1.2 (low) or 12 (high) mg doses of L-AA. The live and dead ratio of primary chick embryo fibroblast cells infected by the MD virus (CEF-MDV) in each treatment was determined every 30 min for 2 h. The L-AA at both the low and high doses resulted in a 70% death of CEF-MDV within 1 h, but either dose of the 25OHD3 exhibited only an approximate 5% lower CEF-MDV survival as compared to those in the MDV-alone treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that the two designated doses of 25OHD3 have the potential to be effectively combined with the MDV for subsequent administration by in ovo injection.
{"title":"Vitamin Compatibility with the Marek’s Disease Vaccine","authors":"Seyed Abolghasem Fatemi, Christopher J. Williams, Joshua Deines, Edgar David Peebles","doi":"10.3390/poultry2040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2040033","url":null,"abstract":"In ovo injection of the Marek’s disease (MD) vaccine (MDV) has been widely practiced in commercial US hatcheries. However, the MDV is very sensitive and may not be compatible with some nutrients when administered together by in ovo injection. When individually administered by in ovo injection, L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) have previously exhibited very promising results on the post-hatch physiological and immunological characteristics of broilers subjected to stressful commercial conditions. However, the compatibility of the MDV with these vitamins has not been previously explored. Their compatibility must first be established before their combined administration by in ovo injection can be considered. Therefore, the objective in this study was to determine the compatibility of the MDV with various levels of 25OHD3 or L-AA. The treatments employed were MDV-alone, MDV in combination with 0.6 (low) or 2.4 (high) μg doses of 25OHD3, or MDV in combination with 1.2 (low) or 12 (high) mg doses of L-AA. The live and dead ratio of primary chick embryo fibroblast cells infected by the MD virus (CEF-MDV) in each treatment was determined every 30 min for 2 h. The L-AA at both the low and high doses resulted in a 70% death of CEF-MDV within 1 h, but either dose of the 25OHD3 exhibited only an approximate 5% lower CEF-MDV survival as compared to those in the MDV-alone treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that the two designated doses of 25OHD3 have the potential to be effectively combined with the MDV for subsequent administration by in ovo injection.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sashka Chobanova, Nikolay Karkelanov, Stephen Charles Mansbridge, Isobel Margaret Whiting, Antonija Simic, Stephen Paul Rose, Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev
The production of soybean meal (SBM) has a substantial impact on the environment and reducing its inclusion in poultry diets by using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, is an important challenge for nutritionists. This study aimed to compare the productive performance of broiler chickens fed one of two isonitrogenic (195 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (12.91 MJ/kg) diets. The first diet contained SBM as the main protein source, whereas SBM was completely replaced by defatted meal from Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.; BSFL) in the second diet. Compared to the BSFL diet, the final body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) of birds fed the SBM diet was ~17% greater and feed was utilised 19% more efficiently (p < 0.05). The differences in WG and FCR were supported by improved energy metabolism metrics, fat digestibility and digestibility of acid detergent fibres (ADFD) (p < 0.05). The present study shows that a complete replacement of dietary SBM with BSFL meal must be achieved with care, ensuring that all other factors (e.g., insect processing technology, feed additive supplementation, non-protein nitrogen accounting, mineral balance, fatty acid profile, amino acid supplementation) have been considered.
{"title":"Comparison of a Traditional Soybean Meal-Based Diet to a Defatted Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal-Based Diet for Broilers","authors":"Sashka Chobanova, Nikolay Karkelanov, Stephen Charles Mansbridge, Isobel Margaret Whiting, Antonija Simic, Stephen Paul Rose, Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev","doi":"10.3390/poultry2030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2030032","url":null,"abstract":"The production of soybean meal (SBM) has a substantial impact on the environment and reducing its inclusion in poultry diets by using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, is an important challenge for nutritionists. This study aimed to compare the productive performance of broiler chickens fed one of two isonitrogenic (195 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (12.91 MJ/kg) diets. The first diet contained SBM as the main protein source, whereas SBM was completely replaced by defatted meal from Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.; BSFL) in the second diet. Compared to the BSFL diet, the final body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) of birds fed the SBM diet was ~17% greater and feed was utilised 19% more efficiently (p < 0.05). The differences in WG and FCR were supported by improved energy metabolism metrics, fat digestibility and digestibility of acid detergent fibres (ADFD) (p < 0.05). The present study shows that a complete replacement of dietary SBM with BSFL meal must be achieved with care, ensuring that all other factors (e.g., insect processing technology, feed additive supplementation, non-protein nitrogen accounting, mineral balance, fatty acid profile, amino acid supplementation) have been considered.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"346 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin N. Alig, Kenneth E. Anderson, Ramon D. Malheiros, Justin H. Lowery, Lin L. Walker
Food safety is a major concern for commercial poultry producers and consumers. Currently, there is also pressure from retailers and legislators to increase the space per hen in cages. Five different density treatments consisting of six (208 in2/bird), nine (139 in2/bird), twelve (104 in2/bird), fifteen (83 in2/bird), and eighteen birds (69 in2/bird) per cage were examined in colony cage environments. Microbiological tests were performed at 39, 55, and 68 weeks of age. The populations of total aerobic bacteria; E. coli/coliform; Enterobacteriaceae; and yeasts and molds from an eggshell rinse, egg content, and cloacal swabs were enumerated. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in these samples was also monitored. Overall, no bacteria were detected in any of the egg content, and there were no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments for the shell rinse. Stocking density did not influence the eggshell microbiota of the hens. Hens housed at 104 in2 per hen showed higher levels of total aerobic bacterial counts from the cloaca compared to hens at 208 in2 and 69 in2 per hen. Hens housed at 139 in2 per hen had the highest level of cloacal molds. This research demonstrates that stocking density does not influence eggshell microbiota or Salmonella contamination of the eggshell or cloaca, thereby indicating that allowing more space per hen will not positively or negatively affect the prevalence or concentration of foodborne pathogen-associated bacteria in or on the eggs.
{"title":"Impact of Stocking Densities on the Microbiota of the Cloaca, Eggshell, and Egg Content of White Egg Layers in Colony Cages","authors":"Benjamin N. Alig, Kenneth E. Anderson, Ramon D. Malheiros, Justin H. Lowery, Lin L. Walker","doi":"10.3390/poultry2030031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2030031","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety is a major concern for commercial poultry producers and consumers. Currently, there is also pressure from retailers and legislators to increase the space per hen in cages. Five different density treatments consisting of six (208 in2/bird), nine (139 in2/bird), twelve (104 in2/bird), fifteen (83 in2/bird), and eighteen birds (69 in2/bird) per cage were examined in colony cage environments. Microbiological tests were performed at 39, 55, and 68 weeks of age. The populations of total aerobic bacteria; E. coli/coliform; Enterobacteriaceae; and yeasts and molds from an eggshell rinse, egg content, and cloacal swabs were enumerated. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in these samples was also monitored. Overall, no bacteria were detected in any of the egg content, and there were no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments for the shell rinse. Stocking density did not influence the eggshell microbiota of the hens. Hens housed at 104 in2 per hen showed higher levels of total aerobic bacterial counts from the cloaca compared to hens at 208 in2 and 69 in2 per hen. Hens housed at 139 in2 per hen had the highest level of cloacal molds. This research demonstrates that stocking density does not influence eggshell microbiota or Salmonella contamination of the eggshell or cloaca, thereby indicating that allowing more space per hen will not positively or negatively affect the prevalence or concentration of foodborne pathogen-associated bacteria in or on the eggs.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2250338
A. Crnčan, S. Jelić Milković, M. Jakšić, J. Kristić
{"title":"Competitive analysis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched eggs in the Republic of Croatia","authors":"A. Crnčan, S. Jelić Milković, M. Jakšić, J. Kristić","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2250338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2250338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73952684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2250326
K. Kheiralipour, S. Rafiee, M. Karimi, M. Nadimi, J. Paliwal
{"title":"The environmental impacts of commercial poultry production systems using life cycle assessment: a review","authors":"K. Kheiralipour, S. Rafiee, M. Karimi, M. Nadimi, J. Paliwal","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2250326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2250326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79485020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2239775
Manish K. Singh, Shive Kumar, S. Singh, R. K. Sharma, Anand Krishnan Prakash, Sushil Prasad, Yujuvendra Singh, Deep Narayan Singh
SUMMARY A native chicken population has many desirable characteristics such as hardiness, adaptability to the particular agro-climatic condition, better disease tolerance and a specific flavour of meat and eggs. They have better conversion efficiency in converting agricultural by-products and wastes into high-quality animal protein. Efforts are being made to preserve and genetically improve native fowl for growth performance, to develop improved chicken varieties for backyard poultry farming and to make them more productive in the present scenario. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate registered Indian indigenous chicken breeds to discuss variations in body weight (BW) and growth rate in experimental or field conditions. The BWs of male birds of different Indian indigenous chicken breeds at 12th, 16th, 20th, 40th and 72nd week ranged from 528.80 ± 16.70 g to 842.78 ± 19.30 g, 957.57 ± 5.66 to 1181.83 ± 18.18 g, 1465.93 ± 21.35 g to 1841 ± 20.7 g, 1478.68 ± 8.63 g to 2737 ± 50.8 g and 1620 ± 16 g to 3794 ± 20.8 g, respectively. Their BW variation may be due to their evolution under different agro-climatic conditions. Despite their slow growth rate, they are well known for their suitability in the local environment as well as their usefulness for social and economic purposes. Their productivity can be maximised by utilising these data in the breeding programme along with improving environmental factors to enhance their merit under the niche market.
{"title":"Body weights and growth rates in indigenous chicken breeds of India","authors":"Manish K. Singh, Shive Kumar, S. Singh, R. K. Sharma, Anand Krishnan Prakash, Sushil Prasad, Yujuvendra Singh, Deep Narayan Singh","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2239775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2239775","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY A native chicken population has many desirable characteristics such as hardiness, adaptability to the particular agro-climatic condition, better disease tolerance and a specific flavour of meat and eggs. They have better conversion efficiency in converting agricultural by-products and wastes into high-quality animal protein. Efforts are being made to preserve and genetically improve native fowl for growth performance, to develop improved chicken varieties for backyard poultry farming and to make them more productive in the present scenario. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate registered Indian indigenous chicken breeds to discuss variations in body weight (BW) and growth rate in experimental or field conditions. The BWs of male birds of different Indian indigenous chicken breeds at 12th, 16th, 20th, 40th and 72nd week ranged from 528.80 ± 16.70 g to 842.78 ± 19.30 g, 957.57 ± 5.66 to 1181.83 ± 18.18 g, 1465.93 ± 21.35 g to 1841 ± 20.7 g, 1478.68 ± 8.63 g to 2737 ± 50.8 g and 1620 ± 16 g to 3794 ± 20.8 g, respectively. Their BW variation may be due to their evolution under different agro-climatic conditions. Despite their slow growth rate, they are well known for their suitability in the local environment as well as their usefulness for social and economic purposes. Their productivity can be maximised by utilising these data in the breeding programme along with improving environmental factors to enhance their merit under the niche market.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86518293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. C. Dal Pont, Annah Lee, C. Bortoluzzi, Y. Farnell, C. Gougoulias, M. Kogut
In the past decade, the withdrawal of antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP) has increased some poultry industry challenges, such as the rise of intestinal diseases. Experts advocate that AGPs improve performance due to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with resulting anti-inflammatory effects. However, the impact and interactions of AGPs with the host intestinal immune system are still unknown, which represents issues in developing effective alternatives for AGPs. Therefore, this study was aimed at better understanding the potential mechanism of action of bacitracin used as AGP and its impacts on the intestinal immune system. Ninety day-of-hatch chickens were randomly assigned to two treatments with three repetitions of fifteen birds, a control (CNT) group with a corn/soybean meal standard diet, and a control diet supplemented with 50 g/ton of feed of bacitracin (BMD). The cytokines’ and chemokines’ production (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-16, IL-10, IL-21, IL-6, M-CSF, MIP-3α, MIP-1β, VEGF and CCL-5) were assessed in the jejunum and ileum at 14, 21, 28 and 36 days of age by using a chicken-specific cytokine/chemokine peptide ELISA array. Broilers with BMD supplementation were found to have a lower production of IL-16, IFN-γ, M-CSF, IL-21, MIP-1β and VEGF in the jejunum at 14 d. However, from 21 through 36 days, the effect of BMD on cytokine production in the jejunum was negligible except for CCL-5, which was reduced at D36. In the ileum, BMD effects on the cytokine profile started at 28 d, when BMD-supplemented broilers showed a reduced IL-6 production level. At day 36, BMD reduced IL-16 and MIP-3α production but increased VEGF concentration in the ileum tissue. The present study demonstrated that the use of bacitracin as an AGP modulates the small intestine immune system, especially in the first phase of the broiler’s life (up to 14 days). Moreover, BMD anti-inflammatory effects include not only innate immunity but also seemed to influence the development of the adaptive immune response as seen by the decreased production of IL-21 and IL-16. These results demonstrate that a commonly used AGP in broiler feed had a local anti-inflammatory effect.
{"title":"Bacitracin Supplementation as a Growth Promoter Down-Regulates Innate and Adaptive Cytokines in Broilers’ Intestines","authors":"G. C. Dal Pont, Annah Lee, C. Bortoluzzi, Y. Farnell, C. Gougoulias, M. Kogut","doi":"10.3390/poultry2030030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2030030","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, the withdrawal of antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP) has increased some poultry industry challenges, such as the rise of intestinal diseases. Experts advocate that AGPs improve performance due to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with resulting anti-inflammatory effects. However, the impact and interactions of AGPs with the host intestinal immune system are still unknown, which represents issues in developing effective alternatives for AGPs. Therefore, this study was aimed at better understanding the potential mechanism of action of bacitracin used as AGP and its impacts on the intestinal immune system. Ninety day-of-hatch chickens were randomly assigned to two treatments with three repetitions of fifteen birds, a control (CNT) group with a corn/soybean meal standard diet, and a control diet supplemented with 50 g/ton of feed of bacitracin (BMD). The cytokines’ and chemokines’ production (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-16, IL-10, IL-21, IL-6, M-CSF, MIP-3α, MIP-1β, VEGF and CCL-5) were assessed in the jejunum and ileum at 14, 21, 28 and 36 days of age by using a chicken-specific cytokine/chemokine peptide ELISA array. Broilers with BMD supplementation were found to have a lower production of IL-16, IFN-γ, M-CSF, IL-21, MIP-1β and VEGF in the jejunum at 14 d. However, from 21 through 36 days, the effect of BMD on cytokine production in the jejunum was negligible except for CCL-5, which was reduced at D36. In the ileum, BMD effects on the cytokine profile started at 28 d, when BMD-supplemented broilers showed a reduced IL-6 production level. At day 36, BMD reduced IL-16 and MIP-3α production but increased VEGF concentration in the ileum tissue. The present study demonstrated that the use of bacitracin as an AGP modulates the small intestine immune system, especially in the first phase of the broiler’s life (up to 14 days). Moreover, BMD anti-inflammatory effects include not only innate immunity but also seemed to influence the development of the adaptive immune response as seen by the decreased production of IL-21 and IL-16. These results demonstrate that a commonly used AGP in broiler feed had a local anti-inflammatory effect.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72666338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2250327
Y. Shastak, W. Pelletier
{"title":"Delving into vitamin A supplementation in poultry nutrition: current knowledge, functional effects, and practical implications","authors":"Y. Shastak, W. Pelletier","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2250327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2250327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73073362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2250322
Anand Krishnan Prakash, Y. Singh, M. Chatli, A. Sharma, P. Acharya, M. Singh
SUMMARY Demand for poultry meat and egg in the world is growing day by day due to its growing human population. Due to its wholesomeness with respect to nearly all nutrients, it is regarded as a healthy and balanced diet. But nowadays demand for lean meat and low cholesterol egg is increasing among health-conscious groups of people. Black meat breeds of chicken like Kadaknath, Silkie, and Ayam Cemani are the solution to the need of health-conscious consumers. Because of fibro melanosis, many body parts of these breeds have accumulated an extra quantity of melanin, ultimately resulting in high protein and low-fat meat. Their meat is known to have antioxidant and glucose-binding properties. Their respective meats have traditionally been used by tribal healers in treating some chronic illnesses. Because of its multiple health benefits and increasing consumer demand, there is a need to do a holistic study on the meat and egg of this breed of chicken. These black meat chicken breeds have comparatively higher genetic resistance to some commonly occurring poultry diseases. Genetically, these breeds are slow growing and have lower body weight in comparison to commercial chicken breeds. Due to scientific advancement in management, nutrition, and disease control, it is now possible to increase their productivity to some extent. Still, there is a long way to improve their productivity to meet public demand. Keeping these points in view, we have reviewed the different aspects of Kadaknath, Silkie, and Ayam Cemani chickens.
{"title":"Review of the black meat chicken breeds: Kadaknath, Silkie, and Ayam Cemani","authors":"Anand Krishnan Prakash, Y. Singh, M. Chatli, A. Sharma, P. Acharya, M. Singh","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2250322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2250322","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Demand for poultry meat and egg in the world is growing day by day due to its growing human population. Due to its wholesomeness with respect to nearly all nutrients, it is regarded as a healthy and balanced diet. But nowadays demand for lean meat and low cholesterol egg is increasing among health-conscious groups of people. Black meat breeds of chicken like Kadaknath, Silkie, and Ayam Cemani are the solution to the need of health-conscious consumers. Because of fibro melanosis, many body parts of these breeds have accumulated an extra quantity of melanin, ultimately resulting in high protein and low-fat meat. Their meat is known to have antioxidant and glucose-binding properties. Their respective meats have traditionally been used by tribal healers in treating some chronic illnesses. Because of its multiple health benefits and increasing consumer demand, there is a need to do a holistic study on the meat and egg of this breed of chicken. These black meat chicken breeds have comparatively higher genetic resistance to some commonly occurring poultry diseases. Genetically, these breeds are slow growing and have lower body weight in comparison to commercial chicken breeds. Due to scientific advancement in management, nutrition, and disease control, it is now possible to increase their productivity to some extent. Still, there is a long way to improve their productivity to meet public demand. Keeping these points in view, we have reviewed the different aspects of Kadaknath, Silkie, and Ayam Cemani chickens.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85171785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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