The adoption of methods detecting intestinal permeability in poultry has been slow due to the lack of urine availability in avian species. The objective of this study was to examine intestinal permeability assays in broilers using serum. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) and lactulose/mannitol/sucralose (LMS), indigestible sugars, were used to detect intestinal permeability across two fed states (fed or fasted) and four sugar treatments (Control, FITC-D, LMS, or FITC-D+LMS). Broilers housed in pens were assigned one of eight treatments and sampled on 14, 28, and 42 days of age. Data were analyzed using PROC Glimmix for fed state, sugar treatment, age, and all interactions. Serum lactulose and FITC-D increased in fasted compared to fed birds (p < 0.006), whereas mannitol increased in fed compared to fasted birds (p < 0.001). Serum lactulose and FITC-D decreased on day 28 compared to other timepoints (p < 0.003). Serum FITC-D only had a significant sugar by fed state interaction (p < 0.05) with elevated concentrations in fasted and fed birds that received FITC-D. Serum lactulose was significant for all interactions with elevated concentrations in broilers provided lactulose and fasted (p < 0.001). The ability to detect a three-way interaction with serum lactulose suggests an increased sensitivity; however, additional studies are needed.
{"title":"Comparison of Intestinal Permeability Methods in Broilers over a 6-Week Growth Period","authors":"Maddison L. Wiersema, B. Kerr, D. Koltes","doi":"10.3390/poultry2030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2030028","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of methods detecting intestinal permeability in poultry has been slow due to the lack of urine availability in avian species. The objective of this study was to examine intestinal permeability assays in broilers using serum. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) and lactulose/mannitol/sucralose (LMS), indigestible sugars, were used to detect intestinal permeability across two fed states (fed or fasted) and four sugar treatments (Control, FITC-D, LMS, or FITC-D+LMS). Broilers housed in pens were assigned one of eight treatments and sampled on 14, 28, and 42 days of age. Data were analyzed using PROC Glimmix for fed state, sugar treatment, age, and all interactions. Serum lactulose and FITC-D increased in fasted compared to fed birds (p < 0.006), whereas mannitol increased in fed compared to fasted birds (p < 0.001). Serum lactulose and FITC-D decreased on day 28 compared to other timepoints (p < 0.003). Serum FITC-D only had a significant sugar by fed state interaction (p < 0.05) with elevated concentrations in fasted and fed birds that received FITC-D. Serum lactulose was significant for all interactions with elevated concentrations in broilers provided lactulose and fasted (p < 0.001). The ability to detect a three-way interaction with serum lactulose suggests an increased sensitivity; however, additional studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73985956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2239764
Muhammad Saeed, N. Hussain, Shabbir Ahmed, R. Khan, Vivian Andoh, Sabir Husain, Huayou Chen
SUMMARY Due to rising animal protein demand and scarce resources, the poultry sector faces many challenges. Novel feed additives improve feed efficiency, growth performance and bird health. Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein found in a variety of secretions (such as saliva, milk, pancreatic juice and tears). LF has promising biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, anti-allergic, antiviral and antioxidant. LF can modulate the immune system by stimulating the production of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins. LF reduces the release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor- (TNF) and increases the cytotoxicity of monocytes and natural killer cells, making it bactericidal and immunoregulatory. LF has a key antimicrobial effect on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains and significantly altered caecal microbial communities in poultry birds. LF activity has been demonstrated to boost growth in poultry by increasing feed intake, improving nutrient utilisation and modulating the immune system by stimulating the production of cytokines and chemokines. LF (250 and 500 mg/kg) in the diet substantially impacted chickens’ feed efficiency and growth performance. LF shows that it might be a natural way to improve health and could be a key part of birds’ immune systems. This review article explores the potential benefits of LF as a novel feed additive in the poultry industry. This paper will motivate poultry nutritionists on how LF enhances immunity and the antioxidant status and growth performance needed to be ascertained in poultry. However, additional research is necessary to justify including LF as a natural feed additive. LF may replace antibiotics as a biomarker in the poultry industry. Using LF conjugates with nanoparticles offers new ways to improve LF’s ability to fight viruses in the poultry industry. Thus, it will usher in a new era for poultry scientists and the poultry industry.
{"title":"The potential of lactoferrin: a call for future research in poultry nutrition","authors":"Muhammad Saeed, N. Hussain, Shabbir Ahmed, R. Khan, Vivian Andoh, Sabir Husain, Huayou Chen","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2239764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2239764","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Due to rising animal protein demand and scarce resources, the poultry sector faces many challenges. Novel feed additives improve feed efficiency, growth performance and bird health. Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein found in a variety of secretions (such as saliva, milk, pancreatic juice and tears). LF has promising biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, anti-allergic, antiviral and antioxidant. LF can modulate the immune system by stimulating the production of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins. LF reduces the release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor- (TNF) and increases the cytotoxicity of monocytes and natural killer cells, making it bactericidal and immunoregulatory. LF has a key antimicrobial effect on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains and significantly altered caecal microbial communities in poultry birds. LF activity has been demonstrated to boost growth in poultry by increasing feed intake, improving nutrient utilisation and modulating the immune system by stimulating the production of cytokines and chemokines. LF (250 and 500 mg/kg) in the diet substantially impacted chickens’ feed efficiency and growth performance. LF shows that it might be a natural way to improve health and could be a key part of birds’ immune systems. This review article explores the potential benefits of LF as a novel feed additive in the poultry industry. This paper will motivate poultry nutritionists on how LF enhances immunity and the antioxidant status and growth performance needed to be ascertained in poultry. However, additional research is necessary to justify including LF as a natural feed additive. LF may replace antibiotics as a biomarker in the poultry industry. Using LF conjugates with nanoparticles offers new ways to improve LF’s ability to fight viruses in the poultry industry. Thus, it will usher in a new era for poultry scientists and the poultry industry.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90659842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2242328
Muhammad Zubair, C. Martyniuk, A. Partyka, M. Saleemi
SUMMARY Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with diverse physiological functions related to cellular homoeostasis, metabolism and antioxidant defence. Dietary supplementation of Se, as well as the use of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), has enhanced the reproductive performance and antioxidant status of poultry. The objective of this review was to synthesise data on the use of Se to improve the male reproductive system of poultry and to mitigate oxidative damage and ameliorate negative effects of toxic metals. Se has been reported to increase relative weights of reproductive organs (testes) and to enhance the quality of semen in birds. Studies also report that feeding Se-NPs to livestock can improve antioxidant status and cellular arrangements of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules. Data show that a deficiency of Se can reduce the performance of the male reproductive system and nano-Se supplementation increases sexual behaviour, semen volume and sperm concentration in different avian species, including poultry. Taken together, there is strong evidence that Se supplementation is beneficial for chickens and can improve heat shock response, protect against germ cell injury and mitigate reproductive dysfunction following metal exposure. This review concludes that the administration of Se, in general, leads to improved fertility in male poultry.
{"title":"Dietary use of selenium: a review of the antioxidant and scavenging effects on the poultry male reproductive system","authors":"Muhammad Zubair, C. Martyniuk, A. Partyka, M. Saleemi","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2242328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2242328","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with diverse physiological functions related to cellular homoeostasis, metabolism and antioxidant defence. Dietary supplementation of Se, as well as the use of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), has enhanced the reproductive performance and antioxidant status of poultry. The objective of this review was to synthesise data on the use of Se to improve the male reproductive system of poultry and to mitigate oxidative damage and ameliorate negative effects of toxic metals. Se has been reported to increase relative weights of reproductive organs (testes) and to enhance the quality of semen in birds. Studies also report that feeding Se-NPs to livestock can improve antioxidant status and cellular arrangements of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules. Data show that a deficiency of Se can reduce the performance of the male reproductive system and nano-Se supplementation increases sexual behaviour, semen volume and sperm concentration in different avian species, including poultry. Taken together, there is strong evidence that Se supplementation is beneficial for chickens and can improve heat shock response, protect against germ cell injury and mitigate reproductive dysfunction following metal exposure. This review concludes that the administration of Se, in general, leads to improved fertility in male poultry.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84253327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2239767
D. Santhi, A. Kalaikannan
SUMMARY Chicken meat products that are ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat are gaining popularity among the consumers due to their ease of preparation/consumption. In the present global scenario, there is a considerable demand for health oriented, minimally processed poultry products with all natural ingredients. Hence, there is prime need for the value addition of chicken meat by developing functional foods, focusing on the health benefits of the consumers. The role of dietary fibre in the nutrition is immense in maintaining the human well-being, and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer and several other health disorders. Since meat is devoid of dietary fibre, extensive research works are being carried out on enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients in the chicken meat products. In this review, the significance of dietary fibres in human nutrition, various types of dietary fibre sources and their utilisation in the development of chicken meat products will be discussed.
{"title":"Enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients","authors":"D. Santhi, A. Kalaikannan","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2239767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2239767","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Chicken meat products that are ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat are gaining popularity among the consumers due to their ease of preparation/consumption. In the present global scenario, there is a considerable demand for health oriented, minimally processed poultry products with all natural ingredients. Hence, there is prime need for the value addition of chicken meat by developing functional foods, focusing on the health benefits of the consumers. The role of dietary fibre in the nutrition is immense in maintaining the human well-being, and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer and several other health disorders. Since meat is devoid of dietary fibre, extensive research works are being carried out on enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients in the chicken meat products. In this review, the significance of dietary fibres in human nutrition, various types of dietary fibre sources and their utilisation in the development of chicken meat products will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75100388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2239776
H. Al-Khalaifah, A. Al-Nasser
SUMMARY Over the past few years, poultry farmers have faced many problems in producing quality products. This study assessed waste biomass as a long-term investment solution for poultry production, which can help improve the poultry industry globally. Biochar is defined as a carbonaceous substance produced by the thermochemical reaction of waste biomass at temperatures typically less than 700°C and has vast applicability in soil fertilisation, pollutants adsorption, and poultry production systems. The current review examines the development patterns in biochar research literature data collected from the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The main hotspots found in this search were biochar production, its effect on poultry production and performance. Additionally, biochar and poultry production have recently received much attention, indicating that biochar use in the poultry industry for intensive production is of interest. The current review focuses on the different biomaterials used in the production of biochar and various other products via biochar production processes such as pyrolysis, thermochemical, hydrothermal, and microwave processes. Furthermore, this analysis focuses on the synthetic processes used to produce biochar and its numerous applications in the poultry business. The review also tries to identify gaps in our current knowledge of biochar and propose a few future directions.
{"title":"Critical review on the use of biochar in poultry industry: benefits, characteristics and applications","authors":"H. Al-Khalaifah, A. Al-Nasser","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2239776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2239776","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Over the past few years, poultry farmers have faced many problems in producing quality products. This study assessed waste biomass as a long-term investment solution for poultry production, which can help improve the poultry industry globally. Biochar is defined as a carbonaceous substance produced by the thermochemical reaction of waste biomass at temperatures typically less than 700°C and has vast applicability in soil fertilisation, pollutants adsorption, and poultry production systems. The current review examines the development patterns in biochar research literature data collected from the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The main hotspots found in this search were biochar production, its effect on poultry production and performance. Additionally, biochar and poultry production have recently received much attention, indicating that biochar use in the poultry industry for intensive production is of interest. The current review focuses on the different biomaterials used in the production of biochar and various other products via biochar production processes such as pyrolysis, thermochemical, hydrothermal, and microwave processes. Furthermore, this analysis focuses on the synthetic processes used to produce biochar and its numerous applications in the poultry business. The review also tries to identify gaps in our current knowledge of biochar and propose a few future directions.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73779768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2239769
Da-Hye Kim, Kyung-Woo Lee
SUMMARY Heat stress is one of the environmental stressors challenging global poultry industry and lowers performance and welfare of chickens leading to significant economic loss. It triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical system, which releases a corticotrophin-releasing factor from the hypothalamus. This then leads to an increase in corticosterone levels. The harmful effects of heat stress on laying hens include decreased laying performance, feed intake, egg quality, metabolic rate, and immune state in laying hens. Additionally, heat stress induces negative regulation of metabolic hormones, endocrine systems, acid-base balance, antioxidant balance, and poor physiological functioning of internal digestive and reproductive organs. Therefore, it is important to mitigate heat stress to maintain maximum production efficiency. This review article explores the impact of heat stress on production, behaviour, physiology, gut health, oxidative stress, and immune responses in laying hens. It emphasises the environmental factors that contribute to heat stress and the behavioural and physiological host responses.
{"title":"An update on heat stress in laying hens","authors":"Da-Hye Kim, Kyung-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2239769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2239769","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Heat stress is one of the environmental stressors challenging global poultry industry and lowers performance and welfare of chickens leading to significant economic loss. It triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical system, which releases a corticotrophin-releasing factor from the hypothalamus. This then leads to an increase in corticosterone levels. The harmful effects of heat stress on laying hens include decreased laying performance, feed intake, egg quality, metabolic rate, and immune state in laying hens. Additionally, heat stress induces negative regulation of metabolic hormones, endocrine systems, acid-base balance, antioxidant balance, and poor physiological functioning of internal digestive and reproductive organs. Therefore, it is important to mitigate heat stress to maintain maximum production efficiency. This review article explores the impact of heat stress on production, behaviour, physiology, gut health, oxidative stress, and immune responses in laying hens. It emphasises the environmental factors that contribute to heat stress and the behavioural and physiological host responses.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Safiul Alam Bhuiyan, S. Sarker, Z. Amin, K. Rodrigues, S. Saallah, S. Shaarani, S. Siddiquee
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus (CoV) that belongs to the genus Gammacoronavirus and has been listed as an important disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It causes highly contagious respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in commercial poultry farms. Multiple IBV serotypes and genotypes have been identified in many countries and many detected variants do not provide cross-protection against infection, resulting in repeated outbreaks and significant economic losses worldwide. In addition, the high genetic mutations and recombination events in the prominent genomic regions of IBV, particularly in the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, are directly involved in the evolutionary processes of IBV and lead to increased pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The characterization of the different genotypes and the relationship between the structure, function, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and structural motifs will elucidate the mechanisms that promote replication and pathogenicity and affect the host’s immune response during infection. In this review, we discuss the molecular features of various IBV genes and proteins that contribute to the infection process. We also highlight the common PTMs and structural motifs that occur during protein synthesis and are essential components of IBV ecology.
{"title":"Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry: Genomic Architecture, Post-Translational Modifications, and Structural Motifs","authors":"Md. Safiul Alam Bhuiyan, S. Sarker, Z. Amin, K. Rodrigues, S. Saallah, S. Shaarani, S. Siddiquee","doi":"10.3390/poultry2030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry2030027","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus (CoV) that belongs to the genus Gammacoronavirus and has been listed as an important disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It causes highly contagious respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in commercial poultry farms. Multiple IBV serotypes and genotypes have been identified in many countries and many detected variants do not provide cross-protection against infection, resulting in repeated outbreaks and significant economic losses worldwide. In addition, the high genetic mutations and recombination events in the prominent genomic regions of IBV, particularly in the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, are directly involved in the evolutionary processes of IBV and lead to increased pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The characterization of the different genotypes and the relationship between the structure, function, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and structural motifs will elucidate the mechanisms that promote replication and pathogenicity and affect the host’s immune response during infection. In this review, we discuss the molecular features of various IBV genes and proteins that contribute to the infection process. We also highlight the common PTMs and structural motifs that occur during protein synthesis and are essential components of IBV ecology.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79345044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234380
K. Şahin, Emre Sahin, P. B. D. Deeh, V. Kayri, C. Orhan, N. Şahin
SUMMARY The most important stress factors that disrupt homoeostasis, i.e. stable internal balance, in poultry are environmental, nutritional, microbiological, and managing, negatively affecting poultry health and production. Over the past few years, the prevalence of heat stress conditions in poultry production areas worldwide has increased due to climate change. Among the environmental stressors, high ambient temperatures pose a significant challenge to poultry production, resulting in substantial economic losses and molecular and cellular changes that compromise animal health and productivity. High ambient temperature lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damaging the antioxidant capacity of the poultry. Oxidative stress has the potential to harm cell proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to cellular dysfunction. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase with the effect of heat stress is regulated by the antioxidant defence system together with transcription factors and vitagenes. Activation of vitagenes through transcription factors leads to synthesising various protective molecules that try to prevent ROS overproduction. Nutrients such as vitamins E, and C, selenium, and curcumin play a crucial role in antioxidant processes. When these nutrients are included in the poultry diet, they enhance the antioxidant defence system, thereby combating the detrimental effects of stress factors and improving the immune system’s defence. This perspective on improving antioxidant defence for poultry under stress conditions concerns the activation of essential transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Therefore, the development of nutritional supplements that regulate vitagenes has become a priority for enterprises involved in poultry production. This review focuses on examining the impact of several nutrients on the antioxidant defence system and transcription factors in mitigating heat stress in poultry.
{"title":"Role of the antioxidant defence system and transcription factors in preventing heat stress in poultry: a dietary approach","authors":"K. Şahin, Emre Sahin, P. B. D. Deeh, V. Kayri, C. Orhan, N. Şahin","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234380","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The most important stress factors that disrupt homoeostasis, i.e. stable internal balance, in poultry are environmental, nutritional, microbiological, and managing, negatively affecting poultry health and production. Over the past few years, the prevalence of heat stress conditions in poultry production areas worldwide has increased due to climate change. Among the environmental stressors, high ambient temperatures pose a significant challenge to poultry production, resulting in substantial economic losses and molecular and cellular changes that compromise animal health and productivity. High ambient temperature lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damaging the antioxidant capacity of the poultry. Oxidative stress has the potential to harm cell proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to cellular dysfunction. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase with the effect of heat stress is regulated by the antioxidant defence system together with transcription factors and vitagenes. Activation of vitagenes through transcription factors leads to synthesising various protective molecules that try to prevent ROS overproduction. Nutrients such as vitamins E, and C, selenium, and curcumin play a crucial role in antioxidant processes. When these nutrients are included in the poultry diet, they enhance the antioxidant defence system, thereby combating the detrimental effects of stress factors and improving the immune system’s defence. This perspective on improving antioxidant defence for poultry under stress conditions concerns the activation of essential transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Therefore, the development of nutritional supplements that regulate vitagenes has become a priority for enterprises involved in poultry production. This review focuses on examining the impact of several nutrients on the antioxidant defence system and transcription factors in mitigating heat stress in poultry.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75426273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234871
F. Shariatmadari
SUMMARY Hemp is an annual herbaceous flowering plant belonging to Cannabaceae family, traditionally cultivated for seed and fibre production. Hempseed is rich in nutrient composition; it contains 25% crude protein (with high-quality digestible amino acids), functional oils (rich in valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid), a high amount of minerals, vitamins (tocopherols) and beneficial phenolic compounds. Up to recent years, hemp cultivation has been prohibited due to its high cannabinoid compounds, of which delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the psychoactive agent. The cultivation of newly developed low ‘industrial hemp’ (that contains less than 0.3% delta 9-THC) is also restricted. Hempseed products (hempseed, hempseed meal and hempseed oil) are not registered (approved) as ‘safe’ feed ingredients for poultry due to their possible adverse effects on animal health and efficiency. On the other hand, with the possible move to legalise industrial hemp cultivation in recent years, several experiments were conducted to assess the ‘safety and efficiency’ of hemp seed on poultry performances. The published results indicate that diet containing up to 12% hempseed, 10% hempseed meal and 5% hempseed oil improve the overall performance of broiler chicken. With respect to layer chicken, the inclusion of up to 25% hempseed, 15% hempseed meal and 7% hempseed oil had no adverse effect on egg production and its quality. HSP proved to enrich meat and egg with polyunsaturated fatty acids. There are now enough evidence to declare hemp usage ‘safe’ and with no adverse effect on poultry product quality (taste and smell). Despite these findings, research on hemp is still in its infancy stage and has a long way to go to clarify many aspects of its effectiveness as poultry feed.
{"title":"Emergence of hemp as feed for poultry","authors":"F. Shariatmadari","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234871","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Hemp is an annual herbaceous flowering plant belonging to Cannabaceae family, traditionally cultivated for seed and fibre production. Hempseed is rich in nutrient composition; it contains 25% crude protein (with high-quality digestible amino acids), functional oils (rich in valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid), a high amount of minerals, vitamins (tocopherols) and beneficial phenolic compounds. Up to recent years, hemp cultivation has been prohibited due to its high cannabinoid compounds, of which delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the psychoactive agent. The cultivation of newly developed low ‘industrial hemp’ (that contains less than 0.3% delta 9-THC) is also restricted. Hempseed products (hempseed, hempseed meal and hempseed oil) are not registered (approved) as ‘safe’ feed ingredients for poultry due to their possible adverse effects on animal health and efficiency. On the other hand, with the possible move to legalise industrial hemp cultivation in recent years, several experiments were conducted to assess the ‘safety and efficiency’ of hemp seed on poultry performances. The published results indicate that diet containing up to 12% hempseed, 10% hempseed meal and 5% hempseed oil improve the overall performance of broiler chicken. With respect to layer chicken, the inclusion of up to 25% hempseed, 15% hempseed meal and 7% hempseed oil had no adverse effect on egg production and its quality. HSP proved to enrich meat and egg with polyunsaturated fatty acids. There are now enough evidence to declare hemp usage ‘safe’ and with no adverse effect on poultry product quality (taste and smell). Despite these findings, research on hemp is still in its infancy stage and has a long way to go to clarify many aspects of its effectiveness as poultry feed.","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88372317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2234346
Tassew Mohammed Ali
SUMMARY The cock exchange program, under delineated geographical location, is one of the best strategies to introduce the desired genes into a local chicken gene pool. It also has success stories in performance improvement of the local chicken population under smallholder management conditions. A cock exchange program, to be effective, should be complemented with improved chicken management practices (Increased amounts of alternate feed, enhanced management, and disease control).
{"title":"A conceptual review on cock exchange and culling programmes: implications for genetic improvement of local chicken gene pool","authors":"Tassew Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2234346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2234346","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The cock exchange program, under delineated geographical location, is one of the best strategies to introduce the desired genes into a local chicken gene pool. It also has success stories in performance improvement of the local chicken population under smallholder management conditions. A cock exchange program, to be effective, should be complemented with improved chicken management practices (Increased amounts of alternate feed, enhanced management, and disease control).","PeriodicalId":24003,"journal":{"name":"World's Poultry Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78178625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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