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Tourism skill development initiatives in three Southern African Development Community countries: A policy guide analysis 三个南部非洲发展共同体国家的旅游技能发展倡议:政策指南分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.2.03
B. Rasethuntsa
Tourism is a keystone of the Southern African Development Community economy. However, the region has failed to maintain a fair market share in the global tourism industry as the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index 2007 to 2019 shows. Human resources are regarded as one of the pillars that stimulate a competitive tourism industry, hence, it is critical for countries to formulate appropriate human resource development policies and plans to secure economic benefits from their tourism activities. The main aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the strategies that Southern African Development Community countries can adopt to develop tourism skills. To attain this objective, this study investigates the strategies adopted by Tanzania, Mauritius and Botswana with the aim of informing policies and paving the way for other countries to improve tourism skills for the collective effectiveness of the entire region. Through a secondary research method, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the tourism skill development strategies utilised by three regional countries so that less competitive peers can draw lessons for policy improvement and reform. This study shows that investment in tourism education, engaging international professionals, collaboration among stakeholders, and placing tourism human resource development as a national strategic area, are critical.
旅游业是南部非洲发展共同体经济的基石。然而,正如2007年至2019年旅游竞争力指数所显示的那样,该地区未能在全球旅游业中保持公平的市场份额。人力资源被认为是刺激具有竞争力的旅游业的支柱之一,因此,各国制定适当的人力资源开发政策和计划以确保其旅游活动的经济利益至关重要。本研究的主要目的是了解南部非洲发展共同体国家可以采用的发展旅游技能的战略。为了实现这一目标,本研究调查了坦桑尼亚、毛里求斯和博茨瓦纳采取的战略,目的是为政策提供信息,并为其他国家提高整个区域的集体效率的旅游技能铺平道路。通过二次研究方法,对三个区域国家的旅游技能发展策略进行了全面的文献综述,以期为竞争力较弱的同行提供政策改进和改革的经验教训。这项研究表明,投资旅游教育、吸引国际专业人士、利益相关者之间的合作以及将旅游人力资源开发作为国家战略领域至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of ergonomic practices on housekeeping employee retention and efficiency in hotels during COVID-19 in India 2019冠状病毒病期间,人体工程学实践对印度酒店客房部员工保留率和效率的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.2.02
Amrik Singh, V. Singh
This article explores the current status of housekeeping-employee retention and efficiency in hotels particularly during COVID-19 in India, then discusses the implications of ergonomic practices on these. Ergonomic practice research in hotel housekeeping has been given enlarged scholarly attention, yet similar research in the Indian context is almost non-existent. Housekeeping work involves considerable physical effort that can lead to discomfort or even injury. This research involved 210 housekeeping employees from five-star hotels through an online survey. The data were interpreted using the partial least square (PLS) software SmartPLS 2.0. The constructs used in the study were working conditions, risk assessment and control, pandemic response plan, employee efficiency and employee retention. Working conditions were found to have a significant positive relationship with employee retention, whereas, risk assessment and control was found to have a positive relationship with employee retention and employee efficiency. Also, the pandemic response plan was found to have a positive relationship with employee efficiency. The pandemic response plan was not found to have a significant positive relationship with employee retention, while working conditions were not found to have a significant positive relationship with employee efficiency either.
本文探讨了酒店客房部员工保留和效率的现状,特别是在印度COVID-19期间,然后讨论了人体工程学实践对这些问题的影响。酒店客房管理的人体工程学实践研究已经得到了广泛的学术关注,但在印度背景下的类似研究几乎不存在。家务劳动涉及相当大的体力劳动,可能导致不适甚至受伤。这项研究通过在线调查对来自五星级酒店的210名客房部员工进行了调查。使用偏最小二乘(PLS)软件SmartPLS 2.0对数据进行解释。研究中使用的构念是工作条件、风险评估和控制、大流行应对计划、员工效率和员工保留。工作条件与员工留任呈显著正相关,风险评估与控制与员工留任和员工效率呈显著正相关。此外,大流行应对计划与员工效率呈正相关。大流行应对计划与员工留任没有显著正相关关系,工作条件与员工效率也没有显著正相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of subjective knowledge, altruistic value and consumer self-confidence on the green purchase attitudes and green purchase behaviour of Chinese customers 主观知识、利他价值和消费者自信对中国消费者绿色购买态度和绿色购买行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.2.01
Shengyu Gu
In the current era of globalization, increases in marketing and advertising have enhanced customer knowledge and confidence. This study aims to investigate the effects of altruistic value, subjective knowledge and consumer self-confidence on green purchase attitudes and behaviour utilizing a cross-sectional data collection from hotel customers. First of all, the reliability and validity of the data were ensured, and later structural equational modelling was applied by AMOS. The results highlighted that consumer self-confidence, altruistic value and subjective knowledge have a positive and significant effect on green purchase behaviour and attitudes. The results also revealed that green purchase attitudes significantly mediate the relationships between green purchase behaviour and consumer self-confidence, altruistic value and subject knowledge. The study focused only on customers searching for a hotel and was limited to China. Future studies can use a similar model by focusing on any other country.
在当今全球化的时代,营销和广告的增加提高了客户的知识和信心。本研究旨在探讨利他价值、主观知识和消费者自信对绿色购买态度和行为的影响。首先保证数据的信度和效度,然后运用AMOS进行结构方程建模。结果表明,消费者自信、利他价值和主观知识对绿色购买行为和态度有显著的正向影响。绿色购买态度在绿色购买行为与消费者自信、利他价值和主体知识之间具有显著中介作用。这项研究只关注寻找酒店的顾客,而且仅限于中国。未来的研究可以通过关注其他国家来使用类似的模型。
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引用次数: 4
Spiritual inclinations in post-pandemic travel 流行病后旅行的精神倾向
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.10
Snigdha Kainthola, M. Robledo, N. Chowdhary
The detrimental impact of the COVID-19 on the world has ensued unrest amongst people. The reverberations of the life-threatening virus are conspicuous in all realms of life culminating in physical and psychological disturbance. The fear of loss of life, threatened livelihood and enforced seclusion has resulted in psychological morbidities. The existing literature demonstrates the positive effects of spirituality and religion in the life of someone mentally ailing as an efficient way of coping with problems. Spirituality is believed to provide positive emotions such as hope, courage and perspective to individuals. The current article based on a review of the literature highlights the burgeoning of post-pandemic spiritually-inclined travel to restore the balance of life. It adds to current knowledge on the effect of the pandemic on the human psyche and the mitigating effects of spirituality. The results also allow better marketing, management, and design techniques for the spiritual tourism product by providing knowledge on tourist behaviour post-pandemic. The conclusions from the review aim to evoke governments to accord more attention towards the mental health of individuals and advance programmes to help the distressed.
新冠肺炎疫情对世界的不利影响引发了社会动荡。这种威胁生命的病毒的影响在生活的各个领域都很明显,最终导致身体和心理上的紊乱。对失去生命、生计受到威胁和被迫隔离的恐惧导致了心理疾病。现有的文献证明了精神和宗教在精神疾病患者生活中的积极作用,作为一种有效的解决问题的方法。灵性被认为能给人带来积极的情感,比如希望、勇气和远见。当前的文章基于对文献的回顾,强调了流行病后精神倾向的旅行的蓬勃发展,以恢复生活的平衡。它增加了目前关于大流行病对人类心理的影响和精神的缓解作用的知识。研究结果还提供了流行病后游客行为方面的知识,从而有助于改进精神旅游产品的营销、管理和设计技术。审查的结论旨在唤起各国政府更多地关注个人的心理健康,并推进帮助痛苦者的方案。
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引用次数: 0
Factors influencing MICE destination revisit intentions: A literature review 影响会展目的地再访意向的因素:文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.09
Ammar Ramadan, Azilah Kasim
The relationship between push and pull factors with the intention to revisit a destination has often been investigated in the context of general tourism. Not much is known on the factors influencing MICE destination revisit intentions, despite the numerous socioeconomic benefits that many countries have received from the MICE tourism business. This article attempts to fill the gap of knowledge by critically reviewing the literature using the integrative review approach. By reviewing, critiquing and synthesizing major literature on the issue, two push factors i.e. networking and educational opportunities and four pull factors i.e. destination image, travel costs, attraction and accessibility are established as influencing revisit intentions to MICE destination. Then a theoretical model of relationship between those factors and MICE destination revisit intentions is proposed. 
在一般旅游的背景下,人们经常研究推拉因素与重访目的地意图之间的关系。尽管许多国家从会展旅游业务中获得了许多社会经济效益,但影响会展目的地重访意愿的因素尚不清楚。本文试图通过运用综合评论方法批判性地回顾文献来填补这一知识空白。通过对主要文献的回顾、批判和综合,确立了影响会展目的地重访意向的两个推动因素(网络和教育机会)和四个拉动因素(目的地形象、旅行成本、吸引力和可达性)。在此基础上,提出了这些因素与会展会目的地重访意愿之间关系的理论模型。
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引用次数: 0
Travel and tourism policies and enabling conditions: An analysis of strategies in Mauritius and Egypt 旅行和旅游政策和有利条件:毛里求斯和埃及战略分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.08
B. Rasethuntsa, S. Perks
The best travel and tourism policies and enabling conditions play a significant role in promoting tourism competitiveness. Africa’s weak global tourism competitive position emanates from its inability to develop appropriate tourism policies and its failure in providing enabling structures to support competitive tourism among others. The aim of this article is thus to investigate the best travel and tourism practices used by high-ranking African countries (Egypt and Mauritius) in the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index (TTCI) to suggest suitable travel and tourism policies and create enabling conditions to promote tourism elsewhere in Africa. The study analyses secondary data about the best practices applied to prioritise the tourism sector, international openness, price competitiveness and environmental sustainability. It is established that the two selected countries utilise strategies such as the establishment of promotion bodies, diversify their markets, search for investment, pursue the expansion of air transport, practice international openness through embassies and bilateral agreements, and develop and enforce environmental laws. The study identified that collaborative efforts between all tourism stakeholders were an essential component in establishing a healthy tourism industry. This article contributes towards the body of knowledge by highlighting how African countries can model tourism policies and supportive structures to enhance their competitiveness. 
最佳的旅游政策和有利条件对提高旅游竞争力具有重要作用。非洲在全球旅游业竞争地位薄弱的原因是它没有能力制定适当的旅游政策,也没有提供支助竞争性旅游业的有利结构。因此,本文的目的是调查旅游和旅游竞争力指数(TTCI)中排名靠前的非洲国家(埃及和毛里求斯)使用的最佳旅游和旅游实践,以建议合适的旅游和旅游政策,并为促进非洲其他地方的旅游业创造有利条件。该研究分析了关于优先考虑旅游业、国际开放、价格竞争力和环境可持续性的最佳实践的二手数据。确定这两个选定的国家利用诸如建立促进机构,使其市场多样化,寻找投资,追求航空运输的扩大,通过大使馆和双边协定实行国际开放,以及制定和执行环境法律等战略。该研究确定,所有旅游利益攸关方之间的合作努力是建立健康旅游业的重要组成部分。本文通过强调非洲国家如何制定旅游政策和支持性结构以提高其竞争力,为知识体系做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Employee performance analysis of Paul Bakery Restaurant in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic by measuring leadership, motivation and compensation through job satisfaction 通过工作满意度衡量领导力、动机和薪酬,对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间雅加达Paul Bakery餐厅的员工绩效进行分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.07
Aris Budiono
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of leadership, compensation and motivation, by using job satisfaction as an intervening variable, on employee performance during a crisis in the context of a company in the restaurant service sector. A tiered linear regression with two models was used: Model 1 analyzed the influence of leadership, compensation and motivation on job satisfaction while Model 2 explored the impact of leadership, compensation, motivation and job satisfaction on performance. The results showed that leadership, compensation, and motivation, simultaneously and partially, had a significant effect on job satisfaction. While together they had a substantial impact on performance, but only partially on leadership and compensation do not affect performance. There is however an indirect effect of leadership and compensation variables on performance through job satisfaction. In comparison, the motivation variable does not affect either directly or indirectly
本研究的目的是分析领导,薪酬和动机的影响,通过使用工作满意度作为干预变量,对员工绩效在危机背景下的餐饮服务行业的公司。采用双层线性回归模型,模型1分析领导、薪酬和激励对工作满意度的影响,模型2探讨领导、薪酬、激励和工作满意度对绩效的影响。结果表明,领导、薪酬和激励同时或部分地对工作满意度产生显著影响。虽然两者一起对绩效有实质性的影响,但对领导力只有部分影响,而薪酬对绩效没有影响。然而,通过工作满意度,领导和薪酬变量对绩效有间接影响。相比之下,动机变量既不直接影响,也不间接影响
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引用次数: 2
Investigating travel motivations for visiting urban destinations in the Republic of Serbia 调查塞尔维亚共和国城市旅游目的地的旅游动机
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.05
Milena Podovac
The aim of this article is to examine travel motivations for visiting urban destinations in the Republic of Serbia. Differences among the travel motives according to tourists’ demographic characteristics were also analyzed. The research was conducted from June 2018 to July 2019 on tourists who visited urban destinations in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš and Kragujevac). The analysis included 390 valid answers from respondents. The research results, which are presented in the article, have shown that tourists visit urban destinations in Serbia for business, education, family and sightseeing. The contribution of this study is reflected in the identification of key travel motives for visiting urban destinations in Serbia and this can help those preparing a tourist offer to adjust their services to the needs and requirements of such tourists.
本文的目的是研究访问塞尔维亚共和国城市目的地的旅游动机。根据游客人口统计学特征,分析了旅游动机的差异。该研究是在2018年6月至2019年7月期间对访问塞尔维亚城市目的地(贝尔格莱德、诺维萨德、尼什和克拉古耶瓦茨)的游客进行的。该分析包括来自受访者的390个有效答案。文章中的研究结果表明,游客前往塞尔维亚的城市目的地是为了商务、教育、家庭和观光。这项研究的贡献反映在确定访问塞尔维亚城市目的地的主要旅行动机,这可以帮助那些准备旅游提议的人调整其服务以适应这些游客的需要和要求。
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引用次数: 1
Community-based tourism product development based on the community identity of Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market Bangkok, Thailand 基于泰国曼谷klong - ladma - yom水上市场社区认同的社区旅游产品开发
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.03
Phusit Phukamchanoad
This article aims to develop products for community-based tourism in order to increase the value of those based on the authentic identity of the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market. The research results showed that, in 2004, there was the beginning of a fresh coconut juice ice cream business in the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market. At that time, stories and folktales related to the product were created which helped the local people promote it as a part of community-based tourism; this effort contributed to its fundamental economic development. After the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic had subsided, many tourists still came to buy a variety of ready-to-eat food and desserts. Food prices were negotiable and free trials were available. In other words, the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market was a “negotiable market”, where each local stall had its own designs and businesses run together peacefully. A community-based product could effectively add value to the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market in a sustainable manner.
本文旨在开发以社区为基础的旅游产品,以增加基于龙洲麻岩水上市场真实身份的产品的价值。研究结果显示,2004年,在九龙麻岩水上市场开始了新鲜椰汁冰淇淋业务。当时,与产品相关的故事和民间故事被创造出来,帮助当地人将其作为社区旅游的一部分进行推广;这一努力促进了经济的根本发展。在连续几波新冠肺炎疫情消退后,仍有许多游客前来购买各种即食食品和甜点。食品价格可以协商,而且可以免费试用。换句话说,九龙-麻岩水上市场是一个“可协商的市场”,每个当地摊位都有自己的设计,生意也在和平地经营。以社区为基础的产品可以有效地以可持续的方式为龙洲麻岩流动市场增加价值。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of ‘trip experience’ on the awareness of world heritage site status among tourists visiting Delhi “旅行体验”对参观德里的游客对世界遗产地位的认识的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.32.1.04
Monisha Juneja, T. Sufi, Mamta Bhatnagar
Awareness of World Heritage Sites (WHS) is a marketing tool used to promote a destination. Once a tourist arrives, the ‘trip experience’ becomes a vital tool to ensure repeat visits and showcase a positive image of a destination to potential tourists. This study has tried to link the impact of the ‘trip experience’ of tourists to awareness of WHS aiming to understand the relationship of the six ‘domains’ and forming a proposed model. The data was collected from an on-site survey of 309 tourists from July to December 2019 using a structured questionnaire following a pilot study. For data analysis, logistic regression analysis was used. This revealed that four out of six domains increase the probability of tourists’ awareness of WHS status during a trip, namely: welcoming, local travel, tour leader and tour guide. The earlier model for using WHS awareness only for promotional purposes has been shifted by adding the trip experience of the tourists. The findings can be applied by tourism and hospitality facilitators in providing services to tourists.
世界遗产意识(WHS)是一种用于推广目的地的营销工具。一旦游客到达,“旅行体验”就成为确保重复访问和向潜在游客展示目的地积极形象的重要工具。本研究试图将游客“旅行体验”的影响与WHS意识联系起来,旨在理解这六个“领域”的关系,并形成一个拟议的模型。数据来自2019年7月至12月对309名游客的现场调查,在一项试点研究之后,使用结构化问卷进行了调查。数据分析采用logistic回归分析。结果显示,6个领域中有4个领域增加了游客在旅行中意识到WHS状态的可能性,即:欢迎、当地旅游、领队和导游。以前只把世界卫生组织的意识用于促销目的的模式已经转变为增加游客的旅行体验。研究结果可以应用于旅游和酒店服务商为游客提供服务。
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引用次数: 1
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Turyzm/Tourism
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