中华预防医学杂志最新文献

To satisfy the growing healthcare demands of the public, it is essential to develop a public service platform for vaccination. This initiative aligns with national policies, optimizes resource allocation, innovates service models, enhances service efficiency, and reduces service costs. Drawing on relevant national policies and regulatory requirements, as well as the notable achievements and practical experiences gained through the exploration and innovation of vaccination service models across various regions, this paper proposes expert recommendations. It defines the essential components and functional specifications for public service platforms, focusing on public needs such as electronic vaccination record management, appointment management, the promotion of electronic vaccination certificates, vaccination certificate verification for school enrollment, vaccination site navigation, and science communication and public engagement. The recommendations aim to serve as a reference for the development of vaccination public service platforms nationwide.

In recent years, the continuous rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases has posed a significant threat to public health in China. With advancements in molecular biology technologies, allergen component resolved diagnosis (CRD) has gradually become an essential tool for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment. The Allergy Prevention and Control Specialty Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, has developed the Expert Consensus on Allergen Component Resolved Diagnosis in China. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the expert consensus, aiming to assist clinicians and researchers in better understanding and utilizing CRD in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. It seeks to promote the standardized application and technological advancement of CRD in China, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

Allergen-associated proteases, pollutants, viral and fungal pathogens disrupted epithelial barrier integrity and promoted airway epithelial release of alarmins.Epithelial-derived Alarmins include thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin 33 (IL-33), and interleukin 25 (IL-25), which acted on a variety of effector cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), T-lymphocytes, innate lymphocyte cells (ILC2), B-lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and macrophages. T-lymphocytes, innate lymphocyte cell type 2 (ILC2), B-lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and macrophages are the effector cells. By affecting the physiological and biochemical functions of target cells, such as proliferation and differentiation, survival and recruitment, and material metabolism, the alarmins had activated the intrinsic and adaptive immunity, and played a key role in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria. A variety of monoclonal antibodies targeting epithelial-derived alarm factors have been developed for the above allergic diseases, and some of these products are already put into clinical use. As epidemiological studies showed that skin allergy closely related to airway allergy, allergic co-morbidities has imposed a heavy economic and psychological burden to patients. In-depth understanding the mechanism of alarmins will help to understand the developing and progression of allergic diseases, and develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for allergic co-morbidities. This article reviews the mechanism and recent research advances of epithelial-derived alarmins in a variety of allergic diseases.

Currently, the immunization program has entered a new era of high-quality development. Implementing the standardized management of vaccination units is a necessary means to achieve the high-quality development of immunization programs. Although significant achievements have been made in vaccination work in China, there are still many urgent problems to be solved in vaccination work under the new situation, which poses new challenges to standardized management of vaccination units. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the standardized management of vaccination units based on a review of the work content at various stages of management, and discusses strategies and suggestions for the standardized management of vaccination units.

Skin aging is a complex physiological process that is associated with various skin diseases and affects appearance.Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized after exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B radiation, has been found to regulate skin aging by modulating the physiological functions of skin cells, regulating the immune system, inducing antioxidative responses, inhibiting DNA damage, and promoting its repair. This article elucidates the multi-target mechanism of vitamin D in delaying skin aging, providing a new theoretical foundation for preventive medicine to retard aging and related diseases through nutritional intervention.

China has long prioritized the prevention and control of cervical cancer. In 2023, the National Health Commission and nine other departments jointly formulated the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030)". This article reviews the current global and Chinese progress in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV vaccination efforts. It specifically analyzes the problems and challenges faced in improving the HPV vaccination coverage rate among adolescent females in China. The article articulates the public health value of this improvement in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating cervical cancer. Furthermore, it proposes targeted technical recommendations, including promptly incorporating HPV vaccination among adolescent females into the National Immunization Plan, formulating and continuously improving vaccination strategies and implementation plans, strengthening science popularization and publicity, and enhancing public opinion monitoring and risk management. These recommendations aim to promote health equity and contribute to the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as soon as possible.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the patch test positivity rate, allergen distribution, and their associations with demographic characteristics and immune indicators in patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods: A retrospective medical record analysis was conducted on 402 patients suspected of ACD (338 females, median age 38 years; 64 males, median age 43 years) seen at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2023 and June 2024. Standard patch tests (using 100 haptens from the Chinese baseline series) were administered, and serum total IgE and eosinophil levels were measured. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests for group comparisons, and Spearman correlation for associations. Results: The overall patch test positivity rate among the 402 patients was 62.69% (252/402), with 85.71% (216/252) showing sensitivity to the top 21 allergens. Predominantly, the affected individuals were females (84.26%, 182/216) aged 19-35 years (36.57%, 79/216). The primary sensitizers were cobalt chloride (22.89%, 92/402) and nickel sulfate (19.90%, 80/402). The highest proportion of severe reactions (+++) was observed with thimerosal (10/16). Males exhibited significantly higher positive risks for carba mix (OR=5.10, P=0.002) and octyl gallate (OR=2.64, P=0.047) compared to females. The age-stratified results revealed that the cobalt chloride positive rate was abnormally increased to 76.72% (50/65) in the 36-50 years age group, a rate significantly higher than those observed in the ≤18 years group (20.00%), the 19-35 years group (21.51%), and the >50 years group (16.13%; all P<0.05). In contrast, the >50 years age group exhibited the highest positive rate for nickel sulfate among all age groups at 20.96% (13/62). No significant correlations were found between the number of positive patch tests, reaction intensity (average/maximum), and total IgE (r=-0.075-0.063), absolute and percentage of eosinophils (P>0.05). Clinically, eczema prevalence in the>50 age group was 22.58% (14/62), with ACD complicated by allergic dermatitis being the most common (16.67%, 36/216). Conclusion: Nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride are primary sensitizers for ACD. Sensitization patterns across age groups are similar and unrelated to IgE/EOS levels. The higher incidence of severe reactions to thimerosal may be linked to heightened sensitization to mercury-containing products like vaccine preservatives. The notably increased cobalt chloride positivity in the 36-50 age group suggests a unique exposure risk, while the higher prevalence in females may be associated with contact with nickel/cobalt-containing items such as jewelry and cosmetics.

To further standardize the management of vaccination units, the Specifications for Vaccination (2023 version) proposes hierarchical management. However, guidelines for establishing, implementing, and evaluating such a framework remain underdeveloped. This paper systematically reviews the current status of hierarchical management in vaccination units, clarifies its feasibility and necessity, and proposes an implementation scheme.

The prevalence of allergic diseases has been steadily increasing worldwide, emerging as a significant global public health concern. Allergic rhinitis, as one of the most common allergic disorders, affects approximately 10% to 40% of the global population. Moreover, allergic rhinitis frequently coexists with other allergic conditions, such as allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Its recurrent nature and tendency to manifest as multiple comorbid allergic diseases severely impair patients' quality of life and work productivity, imposing a substantial economic and societal burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Consequently, improving the prevention, control, and management of allergic rhinitis has become an urgent priority for both the general public and the healthcare sector. Effective prevention and comprehensive management of allergic rhinitis require collaborative efforts from patients and various healthcare professionals, including targeted education for different tiers of stakeholders-patients, pharmacists, primary care physicians, and specialists (e.g., allergists, otolaryngologists, and pediatricians). This article propose specific strategies for tiered public education on allergic rhinitis from the perspectives of these four key groups. This approach aims to facilitate tailored, population-wide prevention and control, alleviate the disease burden on individuals and healthcare systems, and establish a foundation for advancing the integrated management of other allergic diseases in the future.

Objective: To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples. Methods: An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers-recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)-were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis. Results: Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments (F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types (F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins (F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion: Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.