Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240906-00710
D C Fang, L F Wu, L X Chen, C H Tang, Y Wang, H Li, H Wang, K Zhang, S Q Sun, Q Gao, M Y Dong, C Wang, Y Yang, Z W Yang, J Liu, W D Du, Z B Shi, S M Bi, H Wen
This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.
{"title":"[Analysis of prostate cancer screening results and exploration of screening model for elderly males in Songjiang Rural Areas of Shanghai City based on PSA preliminary screening under the community linkage mode].","authors":"D C Fang, L F Wu, L X Chen, C H Tang, Y Wang, H Li, H Wang, K Zhang, S Q Sun, Q Gao, M Y Dong, C Wang, Y Yang, Z W Yang, J Liu, W D Du, Z B Shi, S M Bi, H Wen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240906-00710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240906-00710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 2","pages":"230-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240613-00468
G M Mao, Z Mo, S M Gu, F J Guo, Y Y Wang, J X He, Y J Jiang, Y H Li, Z J Chen, X F Wang, X M Lou, C Y Liu
<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the iodine nutrition status and its related factors among adults aged 18 years and above in Zhejiang Province in 2022. <b>Methods:</b> A multistage stratified sampling method was used to select 4 320 adults aged 18 years and above from 16 on-site survey sites in Zhejiang Province for the study. A questionnaire was used to investigate the general demographic information and personal dietary characteristics of the study participants. Household edible salt and urine samples were collected to detect salt iodine content and urinary iodine level by using direct titration and cerium arsenate-catalyzed spectrophotometry, respectively, to evaluate the iodine nutritional status according to the standard. The multiple-ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the urinary iodine concentration. <b>Results:</b> The age of the 4 320 study participants was (51.19±15.33) years, with males accounting for 44.44% (1 920). About 40.16% of adults (1 735) were from coastal areas and 56.37% (2 435) from urban areas. The salt iodine content, <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i><sub>1</sub><i>, Q</i><sub>3</sub>), of the 4 320 household edible salt samples was 21.10 (0.00, 24.16) mg/kg, including 1 662 non-iodized salt samples, 182 unqualified iodized salt samples and 2 476 qualified iodized salt samples. The rate of iodized salt coverage was 61.53%, and the rate of qualified iodized salt consumption was 57.31%. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of qualified iodized salt in adult households among different regions (<i>P</i><0.001), with the proportion of non-iodized salt gradually decreasing from coastal to inland areas (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=618.458, <i>P</i><0.001). The urinary iodine concentration <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i><sub>1</sub><i>, Q</i><sub>3</sub>) was 137.60 (86.85, 210.60) μg/L in 4 320 adult urine samples, with the urinary iodine levels of<100, 100-199, 200-299, and≥300 μg/L accounting for 31.64% (1 367), 40.56% (1 752), 17.66% (763), and 10.14% (438), respectively. There was a nonlinear positive correlation between household salt iodine content and urinary iodine level in adults aged 18 years and above by using the <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i> test for trend (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>regression</sub>=231.10, <i>P</i><0.001 and <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>skew</sub>=28.81, <i>P</i><0.001). Urinary iodine concentrations were higher in men than in women (<i>P</i>=0.029) and higher in adults in rural areas than in urban areas (<i>P</i><0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of iodine nutritional status among adults of different ages, regions, and urban and rural areas (all <i>P</i><0.001). The proportion of those with urinary iodine levels<100 μg/L gradually increased with age (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=37.493, <i>P</i><0.001), and gradually decreased from coastal areas to inland areas (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=71.381,
{"title":"[Analysis of the current status and related factors of iodine nutrition levels among adults aged 18 years and above in Zhejiang Province in 2022].","authors":"G M Mao, Z Mo, S M Gu, F J Guo, Y Y Wang, J X He, Y J Jiang, Y H Li, Z J Chen, X F Wang, X M Lou, C Y Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240613-00468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240613-00468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the iodine nutrition status and its related factors among adults aged 18 years and above in Zhejiang Province in 2022. <b>Methods:</b> A multistage stratified sampling method was used to select 4 320 adults aged 18 years and above from 16 on-site survey sites in Zhejiang Province for the study. A questionnaire was used to investigate the general demographic information and personal dietary characteristics of the study participants. Household edible salt and urine samples were collected to detect salt iodine content and urinary iodine level by using direct titration and cerium arsenate-catalyzed spectrophotometry, respectively, to evaluate the iodine nutritional status according to the standard. The multiple-ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the urinary iodine concentration. <b>Results:</b> The age of the 4 320 study participants was (51.19±15.33) years, with males accounting for 44.44% (1 920). About 40.16% of adults (1 735) were from coastal areas and 56.37% (2 435) from urban areas. The salt iodine content, <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i><sub>1</sub><i>, Q</i><sub>3</sub>), of the 4 320 household edible salt samples was 21.10 (0.00, 24.16) mg/kg, including 1 662 non-iodized salt samples, 182 unqualified iodized salt samples and 2 476 qualified iodized salt samples. The rate of iodized salt coverage was 61.53%, and the rate of qualified iodized salt consumption was 57.31%. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of qualified iodized salt in adult households among different regions (<i>P</i><0.001), with the proportion of non-iodized salt gradually decreasing from coastal to inland areas (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=618.458, <i>P</i><0.001). The urinary iodine concentration <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i><sub>1</sub><i>, Q</i><sub>3</sub>) was 137.60 (86.85, 210.60) μg/L in 4 320 adult urine samples, with the urinary iodine levels of<100, 100-199, 200-299, and≥300 μg/L accounting for 31.64% (1 367), 40.56% (1 752), 17.66% (763), and 10.14% (438), respectively. There was a nonlinear positive correlation between household salt iodine content and urinary iodine level in adults aged 18 years and above by using the <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i> test for trend (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>regression</sub>=231.10, <i>P</i><0.001 and <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>skew</sub>=28.81, <i>P</i><0.001). Urinary iodine concentrations were higher in men than in women (<i>P</i>=0.029) and higher in adults in rural areas than in urban areas (<i>P</i><0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of iodine nutritional status among adults of different ages, regions, and urban and rural areas (all <i>P</i><0.001). The proportion of those with urinary iodine levels<100 μg/L gradually increased with age (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=37.493, <i>P</i><0.001), and gradually decreased from coastal areas to inland areas (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i><sub>trend</sub>=71.381,","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240620-00487
X Y Ma, X R A, J D Ma, J W Zhou, P Cheng, Y Tang
<p><p>Exploring the variability of the intestinal flora of patients with hepatic blastocysticercosis and searching for members of the intestinal microflora that may play a role in the disease process by means of macro-genome sequencing technology. A case-control study was used to include fecal samples from patients with hepatic vesicular schistosomiasis admitted to Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital between October 2023 and January 2024 and individuals attending health checkups. The experimental group (AE group) consisted of 10 patients with liver vesicular schistosomiasis and the control group (NC group) consisted of 9 individuals attending health checkups. Macrogenomic sequencing was performed on these two groups of samples using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform, using fastp (v0.20.1) to remove junctions, and bbmap (v38.93-0) to remove the hosted sequences, followed by sequence splicing using MEGAHIT (v1.2.9), and then using prodigal (v2.6.3) to The spliced scaffold was subjected to ORF prediction and translated into amino acid sequences, followed by the construction of a non-redundant gene set using MMSeqs2 (v13.45111), and finally compared with the non-redundant gene set using salmon (v1.8.0). Species were annotated by the non-redundant database, species abundance was calculated in each sample, and the two sets were tested using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Finally, the differences in intestinal flora between the two groups were statistically analyzed using linear discriminant analysis, and the correlation between the differential intestinal flora and clinical indicators was analyzed using redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the effective data volume of each sample was distributed from 10.41 to 12.46 G. The number of ORFs in the de-redundantly constructed gene catalogue (non-redundant gene set) was 4 951 408, and the annotation rate of the non-redundant genes was 97.97% when compared with the NR database. The ages of the study subjects in the two groups were (44.78±4.58) years in the NC group and (42.90±10.44) years in the AE group, and the difference was not statistically significant (<i>t</i>=0.530, <i>P</i>=0.476). The two groups were matched for body mass index (BMI) (<i>t</i>=2.368, <i>P</i>=0.142), gender (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>=0.200, <i>P</i>=0.655), and dietary habits. There was no statistically significant difference in alpha diversity in the AE group (ACE index, <i>t</i>=0.942; chao1 index, <i>t</i>=0.947; shannon index, <i>t</i>=0.813, the simpson's index, <i>t</i>=0.613, <i>P</i>>0.05), while beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the overall structure of the two communities (Stress=0.054 5). A total of 120 species were annotated at the phylum level, of which two differed. While 1 736 species were annotated at the genus level, 69 were different, and 309 were different at the species level. The AE group ranked the top 6 in terms of abundance of Anaplasma, Escherichiaceae, Clostridium, Alte
{"title":"[Differential analysis of intestinal flora in patients with hepatic blastomycosis based on second-generation sequencing].","authors":"X Y Ma, X R A, J D Ma, J W Zhou, P Cheng, Y Tang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240620-00487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240620-00487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring the variability of the intestinal flora of patients with hepatic blastocysticercosis and searching for members of the intestinal microflora that may play a role in the disease process by means of macro-genome sequencing technology. A case-control study was used to include fecal samples from patients with hepatic vesicular schistosomiasis admitted to Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital between October 2023 and January 2024 and individuals attending health checkups. The experimental group (AE group) consisted of 10 patients with liver vesicular schistosomiasis and the control group (NC group) consisted of 9 individuals attending health checkups. Macrogenomic sequencing was performed on these two groups of samples using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform, using fastp (v0.20.1) to remove junctions, and bbmap (v38.93-0) to remove the hosted sequences, followed by sequence splicing using MEGAHIT (v1.2.9), and then using prodigal (v2.6.3) to The spliced scaffold was subjected to ORF prediction and translated into amino acid sequences, followed by the construction of a non-redundant gene set using MMSeqs2 (v13.45111), and finally compared with the non-redundant gene set using salmon (v1.8.0). Species were annotated by the non-redundant database, species abundance was calculated in each sample, and the two sets were tested using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Finally, the differences in intestinal flora between the two groups were statistically analyzed using linear discriminant analysis, and the correlation between the differential intestinal flora and clinical indicators was analyzed using redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the effective data volume of each sample was distributed from 10.41 to 12.46 G. The number of ORFs in the de-redundantly constructed gene catalogue (non-redundant gene set) was 4 951 408, and the annotation rate of the non-redundant genes was 97.97% when compared with the NR database. The ages of the study subjects in the two groups were (44.78±4.58) years in the NC group and (42.90±10.44) years in the AE group, and the difference was not statistically significant (<i>t</i>=0.530, <i>P</i>=0.476). The two groups were matched for body mass index (BMI) (<i>t</i>=2.368, <i>P</i>=0.142), gender (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>=0.200, <i>P</i>=0.655), and dietary habits. There was no statistically significant difference in alpha diversity in the AE group (ACE index, <i>t</i>=0.942; chao1 index, <i>t</i>=0.947; shannon index, <i>t</i>=0.813, the simpson's index, <i>t</i>=0.613, <i>P</i>>0.05), while beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the overall structure of the two communities (Stress=0.054 5). A total of 120 species were annotated at the phylum level, of which two differed. While 1 736 species were annotated at the genus level, 69 were different, and 309 were different at the species level. The AE group ranked the top 6 in terms of abundance of Anaplasma, Escherichiaceae, Clostridium, Alte","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240131-00103
K P Zhou, B Hu, K Pan, K Cai
Three throat swab samples from infants and young children in Hubei Province were identified as positive for enteroviruses. All subjects were one month old, and the onset of symptoms occurred in June; these cases were sporadic and exhibited no clear epidemiological associations. The results of VP1 gene amplification analysis indicated that all three infant cases were attributed to Echovirus 30 (ECHO30). The ECHO30 strain isolated from the three samples was classified as Cluster Ⅲ within the H gene subtype. Whole genome amplification analysis revealed that the ECHO30 strain from Hubei exhibited the highest homology with ECHO30/MW586892/Ashburton/17WQ2027G/USA/2007-08-20 from GenBank, demonstrating nucleotide and amino acid homologies of 97.6% and 99.3%, respectively. Recombination analysis indicated the presence of recombination events in the non-structural protein region of the ECHO30 Hubei strain, with recombinant fragments potentially originating from ECHO30/KY888274/14-397/Germany/2013 and ECHO18 strains Echo18/MN815811/BJ2018-S6363/Beijing/2018. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic evolution of the ECHO30 strain prevalent in Hubei Province, contributing essential data for the prevention of ECHO30 infections.
{"title":"[Genetic evolution analysis of enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus type 30 in three cases of infants and young children in Hubei Province].","authors":"K P Zhou, B Hu, K Pan, K Cai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240131-00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240131-00103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three throat swab samples from infants and young children in Hubei Province were identified as positive for enteroviruses. All subjects were one month old, and the onset of symptoms occurred in June; these cases were sporadic and exhibited no clear epidemiological associations. The results of VP1 gene amplification analysis indicated that all three infant cases were attributed to Echovirus 30 (ECHO30). The ECHO30 strain isolated from the three samples was classified as Cluster Ⅲ within the H gene subtype. Whole genome amplification analysis revealed that the ECHO30 strain from Hubei exhibited the highest homology with ECHO30/MW586892/Ashburton/17WQ2027G/USA/2007-08-20 from GenBank, demonstrating nucleotide and amino acid homologies of 97.6% and 99.3%, respectively. Recombination analysis indicated the presence of recombination events in the non-structural protein region of the ECHO30 Hubei strain, with recombinant fragments potentially originating from ECHO30/KY888274/14-397/Germany/2013 and ECHO18 strains Echo18/MN815811/BJ2018-S6363/Beijing/2018. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic evolution of the ECHO30 strain prevalent in Hubei Province, contributing essential data for the prevention of ECHO30 infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240819-00672
S R Yan, H C Liu, J S Zhou, L Y Cui
Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody detection data in hospital, provide data reference for the prevention and control of MP infections. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 20 639 patients with suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection from March 2017 to February 2024 at the outpatient, emergency, and inpatient departments of Peking University Third Hospital. The age range was from 0 to 105 years, with 11 286 males and 9 353 females. The passive agglutination method was used to detect MP antibodies in patient serum, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The χ2 test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates of MP antibodies among different genders, age groups, seasons, years, and antibody titers. The trend χ2 test was used to analyze the trend of detection rates with age changes. Results: Among the 20 639 patients, the positive rate of MP antibodies was 23.19%(4 786/20 639), with a higher positive rate in females was 27.16%(2 540/9 353) compared to males (19.90%, 2 246/11 286;χ²=151.191, P<0.01). The positive rate in children was 37.13%(2 731/7 356)significantly higher than in adults(15.47%, 2 055/13 283;χ²=1 246.433, P<0.01). The 6 to <12 year age group (63.11%, 1 223/1 938) had the highest positive rate of MP antibodies, followed by 12 to <18 year old group (56.78%, 385/678). The positive rate of MP antibodies increased with age from 0 to 12 years old but gradually decreased after 12 to <18 years old (χ2=3 848.393, P trend<0.01). The annual MP antibody positivity rates from 2017 to 2023 were 26.92%, 29.23%, 27.46%, 18.43%, 17.16%, 11.89%, and 23.72%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the years (χ²=387.519, P<0.01). The MP antibody positive rate was high in autumn over the course of 7 years (χ²=242.560, P<0.01). The positive rates of MP antibodies for the years 2017-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024 are (28.00%, 16.60%, 21.84%), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three periods(χ²=295.845, P<0.01).The monthly positive rates of MP antibody in different years were (5.63% to 43.11%). In the MP antibody titer, qualitative testing was conducted on 4 563 patients and 16 076 patients had a semi-quantitative MP antibody titer of ≥1∶160 with a positive rate of 16.03%(2 577/16 076). Among the proportion of children with high titers of MP antibodies ≥1∶1 280 was 11.11%(798/7 182). Conclusion: The positive rates of MP antibodies in hospital in the Beijing area vary among different genders, ages, and seasons, with a higher incidence in autumn, mainly among children and adolescents.
{"title":"[Analysis of antibody detection data of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a hospital in Beijing City from 2017 to 2024].","authors":"S R Yan, H C Liu, J S Zhou, L Y Cui","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240819-00672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240819-00672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the distribution characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody detection data in hospital, provide data reference for the prevention and control of MP infections. <b>Methods:</b> A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 20 639 patients with suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection from March 2017 to February 2024 at the outpatient, emergency, and inpatient departments of Peking University Third Hospital. The age range was from 0 to 105 years, with 11 286 males and 9 353 females. The passive agglutination method was used to detect MP antibodies in patient serum, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates of MP antibodies among different genders, age groups, seasons, years, and antibody titers. The trend <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test was used to analyze the trend of detection rates with age changes. <b>Results:</b> Among the 20 639 patients, the positive rate of MP antibodies was 23.19%(4 786/20 639), with a higher positive rate in females was 27.16%(2 540/9 353) compared to males (19.90%, 2 246/11 286;<i>χ</i>²=151.191, <i>P</i><0.01). The positive rate in children was 37.13%(2 731/7 356)significantly higher than in adults(15.47%, 2 055/13 283;<i>χ</i>²=1 246.433, <i>P</i><0.01). The 6 to <12 year age group (63.11%, 1 223/1 938) had the highest positive rate of MP antibodies, followed by 12 to <18 year old group (56.78%, 385/678). The positive rate of MP antibodies increased with age from 0 to 12 years old but gradually decreased after 12 to <18 years old (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>=3 848.393, <i>P</i> trend<0.01). The annual MP antibody positivity rates from 2017 to 2023 were 26.92%, 29.23%, 27.46%, 18.43%, 17.16%, 11.89%, and 23.72%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the years (<i>χ</i>²=387.519, <i>P</i><0.01). The MP antibody positive rate was high in autumn over the course of 7 years (<i>χ</i>²=242.560, <i>P</i><0.01). The positive rates of MP antibodies for the years 2017-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024 are (28.00%, 16.60%, 21.84%), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three periods(<i>χ</i>²=295.845, <i>P</i><0.01).The monthly positive rates of MP antibody in different years were (5.63% to 43.11%). In the MP antibody titer, qualitative testing was conducted on 4 563 patients and 16 076 patients had a semi-quantitative MP antibody titer of ≥1∶160 with a positive rate of 16.03%(2 577/16 076). Among the proportion of children with high titers of MP antibodies ≥1∶1 280 was 11.11%(798/7 182). <b>Conclusion:</b> The positive rates of MP antibodies in hospital in the Beijing area vary among different genders, ages, and seasons, with a higher incidence in autumn, mainly among children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240612-00459
W Wang, C H Zhang, Y Huang, Q Zhu, S H Cui, Y Liu, Z W Zhu, F Huang, L Tang, Z B Zhang, W Z Yu
Mass vaccination represents a highly effective strategy for accelerating disease control while simultaneously reducing incidence and mortality rates. By developing comprehensive plans and standards for mass vaccination, it is feasible to optimize resource allocation and swiftly enhance vaccination coverage, thereby preventing, controlling, or interrupting outbreaks or epidemics of specific infectious diseases. To standardize the mass vaccination process and establish a population immunity barrier in an orderly, efficient, and safe manner, a panel of experts was convened to develop the Recommendations on Mass Vaccination. These recommendations are grounded in the requirements of relevant policies and regulations in China, as well as the insights gained from the mass vaccination campaign for COVID-19 vaccines conducted in the country. The recommendations outline the system requirements pertaining to initiation conditions, departmental coordination, responsibilities, mobilization, operational specifications, and responses to vaccine reactions, among other aspects of mass vaccination implementation, so as to serve as a reference for future mass vaccination initiatives and the formulation of related policies.
{"title":"[Expert recommendations on mass population vaccination].","authors":"W Wang, C H Zhang, Y Huang, Q Zhu, S H Cui, Y Liu, Z W Zhu, F Huang, L Tang, Z B Zhang, W Z Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240612-00459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240612-00459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass vaccination represents a highly effective strategy for accelerating disease control while simultaneously reducing incidence and mortality rates. By developing comprehensive plans and standards for mass vaccination, it is feasible to optimize resource allocation and swiftly enhance vaccination coverage, thereby preventing, controlling, or interrupting outbreaks or epidemics of specific infectious diseases. To standardize the mass vaccination process and establish a population immunity barrier in an orderly, efficient, and safe manner, a panel of experts was convened to develop the Recommendations on Mass Vaccination. These recommendations are grounded in the requirements of relevant policies and regulations in China, as well as the insights gained from the mass vaccination campaign for COVID-19 vaccines conducted in the country. The recommendations outline the system requirements pertaining to initiation conditions, departmental coordination, responsibilities, mobilization, operational specifications, and responses to vaccine reactions, among other aspects of mass vaccination implementation, so as to serve as a reference for future mass vaccination initiatives and the formulation of related policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240509-00369
J Wei, J Y Luo, Y H Chen, F Wang, Y Q Tan, M Y Luo, X J Li
This study aimed to investigate the association between secondhand smoke exposure in different places and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old in Hunan Province were recruited for questionnaire surveys and physical examinations using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Secondhand smoke exposure was evaluated according to the answer to the question, "Has someone smoked in front of you in the last 7 days?". Overweight and obesity were determined using BMI-for-age and BMI-for-sex according to the national standard WS/T586-2018. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between secondhand smoke exposure in different places and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. A total of 187 863 participants were included in this study, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 28.4%. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home, school and other public places was 25.5%, 12.6% and 32.3%, respectively. Children and adolescents with secondhand smoke exposure at home, school and other public places had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than those without exposure. After adjusting for confounding factors, secondhand smoke exposure was positively associated with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, and exposure at home showed the closest association (OR=1.091; 95%CI: 1.066-1.117). In conclusion, secondhand smoke exposure, especially at home, significantly increases the risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Comprehensive strategies should be implemented to avoid secondhand smoke exposure and protect children and adolescents from overweight and obesity.
{"title":"[The association between secondhand smoke exposure and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents].","authors":"J Wei, J Y Luo, Y H Chen, F Wang, Y Q Tan, M Y Luo, X J Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240509-00369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240509-00369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the association between secondhand smoke exposure in different places and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old in Hunan Province were recruited for questionnaire surveys and physical examinations using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Secondhand smoke exposure was evaluated according to the answer to the question, \"Has someone smoked in front of you in the last 7 days?\". Overweight and obesity were determined using BMI-for-age and BMI-for-sex according to the national standard WS/T586-2018. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between secondhand smoke exposure in different places and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. A total of 187 863 participants were included in this study, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 28.4%. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home, school and other public places was 25.5%, 12.6% and 32.3%, respectively. Children and adolescents with secondhand smoke exposure at home, school and other public places had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than those without exposure. After adjusting for confounding factors, secondhand smoke exposure was positively associated with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, and exposure at home showed the closest association (<i>OR</i>=1.091; 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.066-1.117). In conclusion, secondhand smoke exposure, especially at home, significantly increases the risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Comprehensive strategies should be implemented to avoid secondhand smoke exposure and protect children and adolescents from overweight and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241015-00815
Y Hu, X W Liu, Y Y Ren, D M Liu, Y C Liu, Q Xia, Y W Li, C X Wang
<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of drug resistance genes of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPECO) in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023, providing data support and theoretical basis for controlling nosocomial infections of CPECO. <b>Methods:</b> Using a cross-sectional study, 30 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO) strains confirmed by VITEK-2 Compact identification and drug sensitivity test in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023 were tested, using carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test to conduct preliminary screening of carbapenemases, and colloidal gold immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of common carbapenemases (<i>blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA</i>) respectively, and the genotypes (<i>blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX</i>) of common extended Spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were confirmed using PCR. The PCR amplification products of carbapenemase and ESBL positive strains were Sanger-sequenced, and the sequencing products were compared on the Blast website to determine the exact carbapenemase and ESBL genotypes. Sequence typing (ST) was performed on CPECO using the Achtman multi-locus sequence typing scheme to determine the cloning relationship between different strains. <b>Results:</b> A total of 21 CPECO strains were screened. Drug sensitivity test results showed that CPECO strains showed widespread drug resistance, with the resistance rate to monocyclic (aztreonam) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being over 60%(16/21, 14/21), and the resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs being 100%. Only the sensitivity to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin remained relatively high, and no strains resistant to tigecycline and colistin were found. Colloidal gold immunochromatography detected 18 <i>blaNDM</i> types, 2 <i>blaKPC</i> types, and 1 <i>blaIMP</i> type. Sequencing of drug resistance gene PCR products classified 17 <i>blaNDM-5</i> strains, 1 <i>blaNDM-4</i> strain, 2 <i>blaKPC-2</i> strain, and 1 <i>blaIMP-4</i> strain, which were completely consistent with the results of screening test and colloidal gold immunochromatography. <i>ESBL</i> resistance gene testing showed that the detection rate of <i>blaTEM</i> was 42.9%(9/21), <i>blaCTX-M</i> was 33.3%(7/21), and <i>blaSHV</i> was 4.8%(1/21). The rate of <i>blaNDM</i> producing CPECO carrying both <i>ESBL</i> resistance genes was 27.8%(5/18). The MLST typing results revealed 11 sequence types (STs), including one ST155 clonal complex and nine singleton STs. Among these, there were seven strains of ST167, five strains of ST410, and one strain each of ST58, ST68, ST69, ST93, ST131, ST155, ST648, ST1114, and ST3268. <b>Conclusion:</b> The main resistance mechanism identified in this study for CPECO was the production of <i>blaNDM-5</i> carbapenemase, wi
{"title":"[Epidemiology analysis of carbapenemase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in a hospital in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023].","authors":"Y Hu, X W Liu, Y Y Ren, D M Liu, Y C Liu, Q Xia, Y W Li, C X Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241015-00815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241015-00815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of drug resistance genes of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPECO) in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023, providing data support and theoretical basis for controlling nosocomial infections of CPECO. <b>Methods:</b> Using a cross-sectional study, 30 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO) strains confirmed by VITEK-2 Compact identification and drug sensitivity test in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023 were tested, using carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test to conduct preliminary screening of carbapenemases, and colloidal gold immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of common carbapenemases (<i>blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA</i>) respectively, and the genotypes (<i>blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX</i>) of common extended Spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were confirmed using PCR. The PCR amplification products of carbapenemase and ESBL positive strains were Sanger-sequenced, and the sequencing products were compared on the Blast website to determine the exact carbapenemase and ESBL genotypes. Sequence typing (ST) was performed on CPECO using the Achtman multi-locus sequence typing scheme to determine the cloning relationship between different strains. <b>Results:</b> A total of 21 CPECO strains were screened. Drug sensitivity test results showed that CPECO strains showed widespread drug resistance, with the resistance rate to monocyclic (aztreonam) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being over 60%(16/21, 14/21), and the resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs being 100%. Only the sensitivity to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin remained relatively high, and no strains resistant to tigecycline and colistin were found. Colloidal gold immunochromatography detected 18 <i>blaNDM</i> types, 2 <i>blaKPC</i> types, and 1 <i>blaIMP</i> type. Sequencing of drug resistance gene PCR products classified 17 <i>blaNDM-5</i> strains, 1 <i>blaNDM-4</i> strain, 2 <i>blaKPC-2</i> strain, and 1 <i>blaIMP-4</i> strain, which were completely consistent with the results of screening test and colloidal gold immunochromatography. <i>ESBL</i> resistance gene testing showed that the detection rate of <i>blaTEM</i> was 42.9%(9/21), <i>blaCTX-M</i> was 33.3%(7/21), and <i>blaSHV</i> was 4.8%(1/21). The rate of <i>blaNDM</i> producing CPECO carrying both <i>ESBL</i> resistance genes was 27.8%(5/18). The MLST typing results revealed 11 sequence types (STs), including one ST155 clonal complex and nine singleton STs. Among these, there were seven strains of ST167, five strains of ST410, and one strain each of ST58, ST68, ST69, ST93, ST131, ST155, ST648, ST1114, and ST3268. <b>Conclusion:</b> The main resistance mechanism identified in this study for CPECO was the production of <i>blaNDM-5</i> carbapenemase, wi","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240702-00531
Z Y Chen, R F Chen, Y Shan
Dog and cat bites are the most common types of animal injuries, which cause various types of tissue damage and have a high incidence of wound infections. These infections are often mixed with multiple microorganisms and have their characteristics and complexity. Selecting appropriate antimicrobial drugs for prevention and treatment can help prevent the occurrence of infections and improve the effectiveness of infection treatment. To better prevent and treat wound infections caused by dog and cat bites, this article reviews the research progress in the epidemiology of dog and cat bites, characteristics of wounds, incidence of wound infections, types of infections, common pathogens, infection assessment, and antimicrobial treatment, to provide a reference for the selection of antimicrobial drugs for wound infections caused by dog and cat bites.
{"title":"[Research progress on prevention and treatment of wound infections caused by dog and cat bites].","authors":"Z Y Chen, R F Chen, Y Shan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240702-00531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240702-00531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dog and cat bites are the most common types of animal injuries, which cause various types of tissue damage and have a high incidence of wound infections. These infections are often mixed with multiple microorganisms and have their characteristics and complexity. Selecting appropriate antimicrobial drugs for prevention and treatment can help prevent the occurrence of infections and improve the effectiveness of infection treatment. To better prevent and treat wound infections caused by dog and cat bites, this article reviews the research progress in the epidemiology of dog and cat bites, characteristics of wounds, incidence of wound infections, types of infections, common pathogens, infection assessment, and antimicrobial treatment, to provide a reference for the selection of antimicrobial drugs for wound infections caused by dog and cat bites.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240425-00343
X H Qi, S H Zheng, Y Su, F Luo, H Q He
Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.
{"title":"[Progress of varicella prevalence and immunization strategies in adolescents and adults].","authors":"X H Qi, S H Zheng, Y Su, F Luo, H Q He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240425-00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240425-00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 1","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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