中华预防医学杂志最新文献

The year 2025 marks the 110th anniversary of the Chinese Medical Association-a significant milestone in the history of medical science in China. Over the past century, the Association has witnessed and facilitated remarkable advances in medicine, uniting generations of medical professionals committed to safeguarding public health. As one of its leading academic journals, the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, since its inception in 1953, has systematically documented the development of public health and preventive medicine in China-from the control of endemic diseases to the establishment of a modern public health system. Since 2008, in collaboration with the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, the Journal has published a decade-long series of annual special issues on HIV/AIDS prevention and control, comprehensively showcasing China's scientific progress and practical achievements in this field. These publications cover various domains, including epidemiology, behavioral interventions, policy evaluation, and health economics, collectively reflecting the evolution of prevention strategies. This article reviews the pivotal role of the Journal in advancing public health and disease prevention in China, underscores its academic influence and mission as a knowledge disseminator, and anticipates its ongoing contributions and innovations under the Healthy China 2030 initiative.

The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising globally, including in China, and has become an increasingly serious public health issue. This consensus, developed by the Allergy Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, draws on international guidelines (such as EAACI standards) and Chinese research to systematically outline the principles and methods of allergen testing. It aims to standardize testing procedures and improve early diagnosis and precision treatment. Taking into account regional variations in climate, allergen distribution, and patient characteristics across China, the consensus proposes regionally tailored testing recommendations to promote standardized management of allergic diseases. It covers both traditional testing methods, such as skin prick tests,serum-specific immunoglobulin E testing (sIgE), and emerging molecular diagnostic technologies, emphasizing targeted strategies tailored to China's specific context. The consensus aligns with international standards while reflecting regional innovations, providing scientific guidance for clinical practice.

To investigate the association of combined trajectories for triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and serum uric acid with diabetic retinopathy (DR). A cohort study design was utilized, based on the physical examination data of the Beijing Physical Examination Centre from 2015 to 2023, with one physical examination per year. The trajectory groups for the first 4 years were determined by the dual group-based trajectory model. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to explore the association between different trajectory groups and DR incidence. The study included 2 978 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During a median follow-up period of 3.95 years, 73 (2.5%) individuals developed DR. The majority were male, had a long duration of diabetes and a high baseline TyG index. The combined trajectory of the TyG index and serum uric acid allowed the whole population to be divided into three groups: the control group, with a total of 1 690 cases (56.7%) in which both TyG index and serum uric acid were at low levels; the high serum uric acid group, with a total of 786 cases (26.4%) in which serum uric acid was substantially elevated while the TyG index was mildly elevated; and the high TyG index group, with a total of 502 cases (16.9%) in which the TyG index was substantially elevated while serum uric acid was was mildly elevated. Compared with the control group, the high TyG index group had a higher risk of incident DR, with an effect value of [2.45 (95%CI: 1.26-4.75), P=0.008] from the Cox model fully adjusted for covariates, and the effect persisted after adjustment for the baseline TyG index and serum uric acid values (P=0.048); the high serum uric acid group was not found to be associated with the risk of incident DR (P>0.05). In conclusion, diabetic patients in the high TyG index trajectory group had a higher risk of DR incidence that persisted at mildly elevated blood uric acid, suggesting that diabetic patients should pay more attention to TyG index changes to prevent DR.

Allergen-specific IgE testing plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. Compared with traditional methods, quantitative IgE testing offers more precise diagnostic support, facilitates assessment of disease severity, guides personalized treatment, and improves the prediction of disease onset and prognosis. Given China's vast territory and regional diversity in geography, climate, dietary habits, and age distribution, the spectrum and prevalence of allergens vary significantly across populations. Therefore, the selection of allergens for testing should be guided by patients' clinical histories and regional epidemiological characteristics. Broad, non-targeted screening may lead to misinterpretation of allergen sensitization results. This article integrates epidemiological data and age stratification with quantitative allergen-specific IgE testing to standardize allergen testing practices and promote precision diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective: To explore the correlation between neutrophil percentage to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and coronary artery stenosis (CAS)≥50% in patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <2.60 mmol/L. Methods: This study enrolled patients with controlled LDL-C who had been diagnosed with CAS disease at the Department of Cardiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, between January and December 2013. Participants were stratified into two groups based on coronary angiography results: the CAS ≥50% group and the CAS <50% group. General clinical data, laboratory parameters, and NHR of patients were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify factors associated with CAS ≥50% in patients with controlled LDL-C. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the predictive value of these associated factors. The DeLong test was applied to compare the predictive efficacy among different models based on the ROC curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess the benefits of the models in clinical decision-making. Results: A total of 467 subjects were enrolled, including 317 in the CAS ≥50% group and 150 in the CAS <50% group. The NHR in the CAS ≥50% group (67.15±20.31) was significantly higher than that in the CAS<50% group (58.24±17.59, t=4.615, P<0.001). Elevated NHR was an associated factor for CAS ≥50% with controlled LDL-C [OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.003~1.027, P=0.016]. A ROC model integrating NHR, aspartate aminotransferase mitochondrial isoenzyme (ASTm), diabetes mellitus, and smoking history for predicting CAS≥50% in patients with controlled LDL-C had an area under the curve of 0.716, with a sensitivity of 61.50%, a specificity of 71.70%, and a Youden's index of 0.332. The DeLong test demonstrated that the integrated model exhibited significantly superior performance compared to the single NHR model (Z=3.765, P<0.001). Furthermore, DCA demonstrated that the integrated model can provide net benefits for clinical decision-making within a threshold probability range of 0.12~0.60. Conclusion: In patients with coronary artery lesions in whom LDL-C levels are controlled, elevated NHR is an associated factor for the occurrence of CAS≥50%. The model integrating NHR, ASTm, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history exhibits a certain predictive effect on disease.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and intervals of onset-to-diagnosis and diagnosis-to-report for meningococcal meningitis in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2024. Methods: Meningococcal meningitis case data were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) and the Meningococcal Meningitis Surveillance Information Management System in Zhejiang Province (2014 to 2024). The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences in the onset-to-diagnosis time among case groups with different characteristics. Results: From 2014 to 2024, Zhejiang Province reported 45 meningococcal meningitis cases (3 deaths), with a case fatality rate of 6.67%. The average annual incidence and mortality rates were 0.065 per million and 0.004 per million, respectively. The mean annual age-specific incidence rates for the 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and ≥15-year-old groups were 0.793, 0.063, 0.074, and 0.032 per million, respectively. Of 39 isolated strains, serogroup B dominated (53.85%, 21 strains), followed by Y (10.26%, 4), C (10.26%, 4), W (7.69%, 3), and non-groupable strains (17.95%, 7). Among the 0-4-year-old group, serogroup B accounted for 75.00% (15/20 strains). The median onset-to-diagnosis interval M (Q₁,Q₃) was 6 (3, 8) d, while the diagnosis-to-report interval was 0 (0, 0) d. For cases with petechiae/purpura, the median onset-to-diagnosis interval was 3 (2, 6) d, while for cases without petechiae/purpura, it was 6 (5, 10) d, with a statistically significant difference (U=134.50, P=0.008). Conclusion: From 2014 to 2024, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Zhejiang Province remains low. In the general population, serogroup B is the predominant strain, with co-circulation of multiple serogroups including Y, C, and W. The 0-4-year-old group has a relatively higher incidence, with serogroup B being the predominant strain in this age group. In the future, more efforts should be devoted to strengthen the sensitivity of monitoring for meningitis and improve the ability of medical institutions to differentiate and diagnose atypical symptoms of meningitis.

Objective: To conduct a molecular epidemiological investigation and genetic characteristics of the local outbreak of Chikungunya fever in Guangzhou City in July 2025, clarify the source, genotype, and variation characteristics of the virus, and provide a scientific basis for traceability and prevention and control of the outbreak. Method: Epidemiological data and serum samples of confirmed cases were collected. The virus nucleic acid testing, whole genome sequencing, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, and E1/E2 protein amino acid site analysis were performed. Results: By August 6, 2025, 104 autochthonous Chikungunya cases had been confirmed in Guangzhou City, showing a spatially scattered transmission pattern with limited cluster potential in areas such as Xintang Town. Fifty-one full-genome sequences were obtained, all belonging to the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype, Central African subclade, with a similarity of 99.96% to the Réunion Island strains (2024-2025). Fifteen amino acid mutations were identified in E1/E2 proteins, of which 13 were unique, including adaptive mutations such as E1-A226V and E2-I211T. Conclusion: The outbreak is caused by a single imported ECSA-genotype strain, potentially from the Indian Ocean region. There may be a risk of small-scale outbreaks in Guangzhou City. Continuously strengthening mosquito-borne disease surveillance, early warning systems, and etiological monitoring is significant for disease prevention and control.