中华预防医学杂志最新文献

Wheat and buckwheat allergies are common food allergies that significantly impact patients' quality of life and health. Wheat allergy encompasses various forms, including wheat food allergy, exercise-induced allergic reactions (WDEIA), baker's occupational asthma/allergy, and contact urticaria. IgE-mediated allergic reactions involve sensitization to stable wheat allergens such as ω-5 gliadin and gluten. Although buckwheat allergy is less common, it is gaining attention in certain regions. Allergen component diagnostic technologies, by detecting specific allergen components [e.g., ω-5 gliadin, gliadins (α, β, γ), and Tri a 14], offer precise allergen source identification, aiding in the optimization of diagnosis and management processes. Oral challenge tests are considered the gold standard for diagnosing wheat allergy, and combining skin prick tests with specific IgE measurements can enhance diagnostic accuracy. While avoidance of allergens remains the primary management strategy, research into immunotherapy is ongoing. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of the structural and immunological characteristics of wheat and buckwheat allergens to develop more accurate diagnostic tools and treatment methods, thereby improving allergy management and patient quality of life. This article provides a detailed interpretation of the Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 (MAUG 2.0) published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and recent research advances on wheat and buckwheat allergies, highlighting the crucial role of allergen component diagnostics in optimizing food allergy diagnosis and treatment processes, supporting clinicians in accurately identifying common allergens and their cross-reactivity, and formulating more personalized treatment plans for patients.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is used to detect lymphocyte subsets and evaluate the level of cellular immunity in the body, which is one of the commonly used FCM detection projects in clinical practice. To date, numerous institutions and academic organizations, both domestically and internationally, have published guidelines and consensus documents covering various aspects, including the establishment of cytometry laboratories, standardized procedures for detecting lymphocyte subsets, and their clinical applications across different fields, each with a distinct focus. However, in clinical practice, laboratories continue to face challenges in establishing standardized quality management systems, implementing quality assurance activities, developing appropriate detection protocols and gating strategies for various scenarios, and identifying and resolving common issues encountered during detecting. Currently, there is no unified consensus on these issues. To standardize the development of quality management systems for lymphocyte subsets detecion via FCM, enhance laboratory quality management practices, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of results, the Laboratory Medicine Committee of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (LMC-CAIM) convened experts to formulate this expert consensus.

Objective: To construct a signature for identifying active tuberculosis (TB) based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene expression within a single sample. Methods: Using peripheral whole blood samples from 75 active TB and 69 latently infected individuals from four datasets as the training set, and highly stable REO patterns were extracted from the gene expression profile of the two groups of samples. Then, the gene pairs that reversed the REO pattern between the two groups were selected, and each gene pair was ranked in descending order based on their reversal degree. Finally, the top k gene pairs with the highest classification accuracy were selected as the signature for independent dataset validation. Results: A signature composed of seven gene pairs, denoted as 7-GPS, was constructed from the training set. The accuracy rate for 7-GPS to distinguish active TB from latently infected samples was 88.89%, and the accuracy rate for distinguishing active TB from normal samples was 90.09%. In the mixed validation data from different detection platforms, the AUC value for distinguishing active TB from latently infected samples was 0.914 (95%CI: 0.881-0.948), and the AUC value for distinguishing active TB from normal samples was 0.934 (95%CI: 0.904-0.964). In addition, the four genes ETV7, BATF2, ANKRD22 and CARD17P from this signature tended to be highly expressed in peripheral blood samples of active TB, and their expression values were significantly related to the duration of anti-tuberculosis treatment in clinical. Conclusion: The 7-GPS signature is robust and suitable for individualized analysis of a single peripheral blood sample. It has certain clinical application potential.

To achieve early warning of dengue fever from multiple sources and improve the ability to detect and identify dengue fever outbreaks timely, we took Hangzhou as an example and proposed the possibility of early warning of dengue fever. This study divided early warning of dengue fever into three stages: early warning of epidemic source, epidemic symptom, and epidemic. The early warning of epidemic source and epidemic symptom were emphasized to provide reference for other similar studies. Our findings showed that the staged warning of dengue fever was meaningful. Combining the source early warning with the symptom early warning could improve the sensitivity of the warning. Monthly warning can be used as a supplement to weekly warning.

Regular and adequate use of broad-spectrum sunscreen has been proven to offer significant protection against acute Ultraviolet-induced photodamage, photoaging, immunosuppression, and the development of skin tumors. However, concerns regarding the safety and standardized use of sunscreens persist, including potential allergenicity and irritability of certain organic sunscreens, the impact of systemic absorption on the endocrine system, the effect on vitamin D synthesis and absorption, and environmental implications. Special caution is advised when using small molecule organic sunscreens and nanoparticle inorganic sunscreens, especially for infants, pregnant women, and areas with damaged skin.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge as a common malignancy of the digestive tract. The involvement of B vitamins-specifically folic acid (B9), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12)-is crucial in metabolic processes by mediating the transfer of one-carbon (1C) units, which plays a fundamental role in cellular functions and tumor growth. 1C metabolism is involved in synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cofactors. 1C metabolism, intertwined with the metabolism of other nutrients, forms complex pathways where B vitamins act as precursors or coenzymes, influencing the production of various intermediates. These vitamins, as essential nutrients, are implicated to varying the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer such as epigenetics. Furthermore, 1C metabolism affects tumor cell fate through multiple aspects including nucleotide synthesis, redox homeostasis, and the interaction with gut microbiota. Given these roles, understanding and monitoring B vitamin levels and their metabolic pathways are essential for colorectal cancer prevention and management. This approach not only helps in reducing tumor-related mortality but also opens new avenues for research into CRC mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

Objective: To analyze the effect of birth parity on life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) among rural women. Method: A total of 15 304 women aged 40 to 79 years who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys were selected from a rural cohort in Henan province. The LE and HLE of women with different birth parity were calculated by using multi-state life table. Results: There were 1 195 (7.8%), 7 782 (50.8%), 3 867 (25.3%) and 2 460 (16.1%) women with 1, 2, 3 and 4 birth parities, respectively, and the M (Q₁ and Q₃) of age were 50.3 (47.3, 53.4) and 53.3 (48.8, 60.7), 62.6 (55.4, 66.9) and 69.5 (64.7, 73.4) years old, respectively. LE at 40 years old was 44.5, 44.8, 45.1 and 45.4 years old, and HLE was 17.7, 18.3, 18.8 and 19.3 years old, respectively. LE at age 40 increased by 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 years in women with 2, 3, and 4 birth parities or more and HLE increased by 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 years, respectively, compared with women with 1 birth parity. For women with higher and lower socioeconomic status who had 4 birth parities or more, the LE at age 40 was 47.1 and 43.9 years, respectively, an increase of 0.2 and 0.1 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively; and the HLE was 20.4 and 18.7 years, respectively, an increase of 1.4 and 1.3 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively. Conclusion: LE and HLE show an upward trend with the increase of birth parity among rural women.

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a special type of atrophic gastritis caused by autoimmune abnormalities. Diagnosis of AIG is often delayed because of the absence of typical symptoms in the early stage, which results in inadequate treatment and poor cancer screening. It is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease. This article summarizes the clinical manifestations, endoscopic features, and treatments of autoimmune gastritis. Conventional therapy consists of adequate iron and vitamin B12 supplementation as well as symptomatic approaches. The associated risk for gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric neuroendocrine tumors requires regular endoscopic follow up. This article is helpful in prevention and treatment of AIG.