中华预防医学杂志最新文献

Objective: To explore the association between lifestyle behavior and the risk of overweight and depression comorbidity in children aged 7 to 9 years in Tianjin City. Methods: The random cluster sampling was used to conduct a baseline survey among 1 632 7-year-old children in Tianjin in 2021, and the follow-up survey was then conducted in 2023. Age, gender and lifestyle behavior of children were collected at baseline and follow-up, and physical examination and depression symptom evaluation were also performed. Four behavioral factors, including sugary beverage intake, physical activity, screen time duration, and sleep duration, were included in the comprehensive lifestyle score, with a total score of 0 to 4 points. A higher score means a better lifestyle. The multi-nominal logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between lifestyle behavior changes at different time points and the risk of overweight and depression comorbidity. Results: The mean age of the children was (7.72±0.62) years at baseline and (9.61±0.62) years at follow-up, with 350 boys (52.08%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results showed that compared to children with moderate lifestyle behavior, those with poor lifestyle behavior had a higher risk of overweight and depression comorbidity both at baseline and follow-up (Baseline: OR=2.62, 95%CI: 1.28-5.37; Follow-up: OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.26-4.11), while those with a better lifestyle behavior had a lower risk of depression during follow-up (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.19-0.64). Based on the comprehensive baseline and follow-up lifestyle behaviors, it was found that children with improved lifestyle were more likely to experience the disappearance of overweight and depression comorbidity (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.04-1.61), and were less likely to develop overweight and depression comorbidity (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.97). Conclusion: There is an association between lifestyle behavior and overweight and depression comorbidity among children aged 7 to 9 years in Tianjin. Improvement in children's lifestyle behavior may reduce the risk of overweight and depression comorbidity.

Objective: To analyze the multimorbidity trends and influencing factors of internet addiction and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Zhejiang Province. Methods: From 2018 to 2023, a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select middle school students aged 12 to 18 in Zhejiang Province. Internet addiction and depression status were measured by the Internet Addiction Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. When both symptoms were present, it was defined as multimorbidity.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of multimorbidity among middle school students, and a trend Chi-square test was used to analyze the changing trends of internet addiction, depression and multimorbidity prevalence. Results: A total of 193 505 students were included in the study. From 2018 to 2023, the prevalence of multimorbidity of internet addiction and depressive symptoms among middle school students ranged from 2.7% to 3.5%. The prevalence of internet addiction ranged from 4.7% to 6.0%, while the prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged from 18.7% to 25.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that boarding students (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.26-1.42), low-frequency (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.46-1.73), and high-frequency sugary drink consumption (OR=3.91, 95%CI: 3.55-4.31) increased the risk of multimorbidity among middle school students. In contrast, higher frequencies of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise (medium: OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.50-0.58; high: OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.44-0.55) and sufficient sleep (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.49-0.56) were protective factors. From 2018 to 2023, there was no significant change in the trend of multimorbidity prevalence among middle school students (χ²_trend=3.82, P=0.051). The prevalence of internet addiction showed an upward trend (χ²_trend=20.54, P<0.001), while depressive symptoms showed a downward trend (χ²_trend=181.41, P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of internet addiction and depression symptoms among middle school students in Zhejiang Province remains stable from 2018 to 2023. The prevalence of internet addiction shows an upward trend, while the prevalence of depression symptoms shows a downward trend. The risk of multimorbidity is related to students' boarding, consumption of sugary drinks, lack of exercise, and insufficient sleep.

The morbidity and mortality associated with diphtheria have been effectively managed through mass immunization strategies. Nevertheless, recent outbreaks of diphtheria have been reported in various regions of Africa and Asia. In addition to infections among children, there has been a notable increase in cases among middle-aged and elderly individuals, underscoring the necessity of continued vigilance in the control of diphtheria. This paper reviewed the epidemiology of diphtheria, the current application of vaccines, and immunization strategies, with the aim of providing evidence for the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and changes in incidence and mortality of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among Chinese residents from 2015 to 2019. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke from 2015 to 2019 were collected from the China Registry of Cardiovascular Events (China RACE), which was established in 2014 and covered 100 counties (cities and districts) in 31 provinces in China. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was calculated using the Seventh National Census data as the standard population. The ratio of the incidence rate of ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic stroke was calculated. The subtype-specific mortality-to-incidence ratio (M/I) was calculated by the ratio of the number of deaths to the reported incidence cases. The relative ratio (RR) of M/I for ischemic to hemorrhagic stroke was calculated. The Joinpoint model was used to analyze the annual percentage change (APC) and trend of the incidence rate of stroke. Results: From 2015 to 2019, a total of 1 354 614 new stroke cases were reported, including 1 077 244 (79.52%) ischemic stroke and 277 370 (20.48%) hemorrhagic stroke cases, respectively. A total of 248 620 stroke deaths were reported, including 119 819 (48.19%) ischemic stroke deaths and 128 801 (51.81%) hemorrhagic stroke deaths. The incidence ratio of ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke from 2015 to 2019 was 3.50∶1, 3.76∶1, 3.63∶1, 4.23∶1, and 4.35∶1, respectively. From 2015 to 2019, there was no statistically significant annual trend of ASIR of ischemic stroke in overall, urban and rural areas and males (P_trend>0.05), while there was a downward trend in females (APC=-1.02%, P_trend=0.042). The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in the whole population, rural areas, males and females showed a downward trend (P_trend<0.05). Patients aged 45-49 years had an upward trend in the incidence rate of ischemic stroke (APC=3.82%, P_trend=0.011), while those aged 70-74 years (APC=-7.37%, P_trend=0.034), 80-84 years (APC=-9.75%, P_trend=0.001) and 85 years and over (APC=-11.22%, P_trend=0.017) presented a downward trend in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. During the period, the overall relative ratio of M/I (RR) for ischemic to hemorrhagic stroke was 4.2∶1, which was lower in urban than in rural areas (3.8 vs. 4.3). The largest gap between urban and rural areas was in the 55-59 age group (6.8 vs. 9.3). Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among Chinese residents are severe from 2015 to 2019, and there are regional and population differences.

Capillary malformations (CM), the most common type of vascular malformations, has a wide range of clinical needs for diagnosis and treatment. In-depth research and effective management strategies need to be developed for this disease. Beyond the simplex forms of CM, there exists a broad category of disorders manifested as CM-related syndromes, closely associated with somatic mutations in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes. These diseases present numerous commonalities and differences in clinical manifestations, associated symptoms, and management outcomes, posing challenges for clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and standardized treatment. Considering this, this article aims to provide an overview of the latest research advancements in the spectrum of GNAQ/GNA11 related capillary malformation diseases, offering a comprehensive summary and in-depth discussion of their pathogenic mechanisms, clinical presentations, and treatment options.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified post anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge assessment tool in the field of bone oncology, in order to prevent and reduce postoperative adverse events in patients undergoing bone tumor surgery. This is a prospective controlled study. 81 bone tumor patients who underwent general anesthesia surgery in the PACU from January to December 2023 were prospectively selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group using a random number table method, with 43 and 38 cases, respectively. The control group and intervention group respectively used the fast track scoring system and the improved fast track scoring system as exit assessment tools. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the duration of PACU stay, mean arterial pressure (MAP) at PACU exit, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) between two groups of patients. Chi square test was used to compare the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in terms of PACU dwell time [(55.58±23.83) min vs. (46.14±21.87) min], MAP at PACU [(88.23±11.52) mmHg vs. (86.25±10.62) mmHg], heart rate [(86.25±10.62) beats/min vs. (72.93±18.86) beats/min], and SpO₂ [(99.84±0.68)% vs. (99.86±0.91)%] (t=1.859, 0.805, 1.003, 0.101,all P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse events in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (68.42% vs. 90.70%, χ²=4.988, P<0.05). In conclusion, the modified fast-tracking criteria can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events in PACU patients undergoing bone tumor surgery, but does not affect PACU dwell time and patient circulatory status.

Objective: To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China. Methods: Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline. Results: The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M (Q_1, Q₃) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all P_nonlinear<0.05). Conclusion: In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still a serious public health problem worldwide. This consensus was organized by the Grassroots Inspection Technology Standardization Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, which generated by the national experts in AIDS related testing, public health and infectious diseases after three meetings. In the process of consensus formulation, experts combined the latest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related guidelines and research at home and abroad, and ensured the scientific and practical nature of the consensus through literature review, expert discussion, evidence grading, and consensus formation methods and processes. It mainly elaborates on the testing technology and updated standards for HIV infection, diagnosis and prevention strategies for HIV infection, recommendations for key populations to receive HIV infection testing, as well as the challenges and development directions faced by HIV infection testing. It aims to achieve the goal of ending the global AIDS epidemic by 2030, promote HIV screening, early diagnosis and early treatment of key groups as soon as possible, provide medical workers with scientific and normative guidance, improve the detection rate, diagnostic accuracy and management level of HIV infection, so as to improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients, promote the development of public health, and ultimately achieve effective HIV suppression.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.