中华预防医学杂志最新文献

Multi-omics technologies have been instrumental in contemporary medical research, offering a comprehensive perspective on the biological characteristics of aging and associated diseases across multiple dimensions. However, challenges remain in standardizing multi-omics data processing in China, particularly with regard to inconsistencies in sample collection, detection platforms, quality control, and data storage. These discrepancies hinder the integration of data across diverse cohorts and limit the broader applicability of multi-omics research. Based on the Chinese Healthy Aging Cohort, this study established a standardized processing framework covering sample collection, omics profiling, data storage, and quality control. By optimizing the integration of multi-center data, the consistency and comparability of the datasets were improved, thereby providing robust support for research on aging mechanisms and precision health. This work offers a valuable technical reference and practical insights for multi-omics studies in related fields.

This study aimed to analyze the human papillomavirus (HPV) detection results among 1 232 male patients from a hospital in Shanghai City with the goal of elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection in this population and providing evidence-based insights for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related conditions. A single-center retrospective analysis of HPV genotyping results from 1 232 male patients obtained via real-time PCR testing in Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center from 2022 to 2024 was conducted. HPV genotyping results were integrated with clinical data to assess infection rates and genotype distribution across different years, age groups and clinical presentations. Statistical analyses, including χ² tests for rate comparisons, were performed using SPSS 26.0 software. The results showed that the overall HPV positivity rate among the 1 232 male specimens was 23.62% (291/1 232) with no significant annual variation (χ²=3.26, P>0.05). The positivity rates were 21.80% (63/289) in 2022, 26.72% (109/408) in 2023 and 22.24% (119/535) in 2024. Significant differences in infection rates were observed across age groups (χ²=17.07, P<0.01): 32.50% (13/40) in the ≤20 years-old group, 18.09% (74/409) in the 21-30 years-old group, 23.67% (107/452) in the 31-40 years-old group, 28.11% (61/217) in the 41-50 years-old group, 27.40% (20/73) in the 51-60 years-old group and 39.02% (16/41) in the >60 years-old group. All 21 kinds of HPV genotypes were identified with the most prevalent subtypes being type 6 (5.76%, 71/1 232), type 11 (3.08%, 38/1 232) and type 16 (2.60%, 32/1 232). Mixed infections involving two to six subtypes were detected, but single infections predominated at 75.95% (221/291). The infection pattern was primarily characterized by single high-risk genotype infections (49.48%, 144/291). Among men with HPV-positive spouses, the detection rate was 46.30% (25/54) with infections predominantly involving single (84.00%, 21/25) and high-risk genotypes (92.00%, 23/25). In conclusion, the HPV infection rate among male patients in this study was relatively high with the infection pattern primarily consisting of single and high-risk subtypes. Significant variations in infection rates were observed across different age groups.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a highly prevalent chronic non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, affects 10%-20% of the global population and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. The disease mechanism primarily involves IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity, where both environmental triggers (such as allergen exposure and pollution) and genetic susceptibility contribute to allergen sensitization. Current treatment follows the 'four-in-one' principle, with allergen immunotherapy (AIT)-induced immune tolerance standing as the only therapy capable of potentially altering the disease course. This article analyzes the clinical applications and recent progress in AIT,systematically evaluates novel AIT approaches, and proposes community-based implementation strategies informed by China-specific epidemiological data.

This study investigated the cross-immunomodulatory effects of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) on serum antibody levels against Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) allergens. A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2016 to October 2017 at the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Thirty-six children with Der p-monosensitized or predominantly sensitized asthma (AS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) were enrolled. The patients aged 5-16 years, with a median age of 8.5 years and a mean age of (8.46±2.82) years. All patients received standardized Der p allergen sublingual/subcutaneous immunotherapy. Serum specific IgE (sIgE), specific IgG4 (sIgG4), and total IgE (tIgE) levels were measured using ImmunoCAP at baseline (0 year, 0Y) and after 3 years of treatment (3Y). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Our results showed that after 3 years of AIT treatment compared with baseline, Der p sIgG4 levels significantly increased from 0.37 (0.20, 0.65) IU/ml to 12.50 (7.24, 18.45) IU/ml (Z=-5.241, P<0.001), while Blo t sIgG4 levels also significantly increased from 0.09 (0.05, 0.19) IU/ml to 0.38 (0.17, 0.76) IU/ml (Z=-4.982, P<0.001). Optimal scaling analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced correlation between Der p and Blo t antibodies (Cronbach's α=0.94). In conclusion, Der p AIT may induce Blo t sIgG4 production through cross-immune reactions, providing potential evidence for understanding the cross-immunomodulatory mechanisms of AIT.

In recent years, the prevalence rate of childhood obesity has risen significantly, becoming a major global public health challenge. Obesity is not only associated with various metabolic diseases but also exerts adverse effects on the respiratory system. As an effective non-pharmacological intervention, exercise has demonstrated significant potential in alleviating childhood obesity and related pulmonary function impairments. Through a systematic review of relevant literature, this article comprehensively summarizes the multi-level impacts of obesity on children's respiratory systems and their underlying mechanisms, while further exploring the application and efficacy of exercise intervention in this field. Results indicate that exercise not only optimizes body composition but also enhances cardiorespiratory fitness, modulates inflammatory status, and improves obesity-associated pulmonary function impairments. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention protocols, investigating long-term effects and potential mechanisms, thereby providing stronger scientific evidence for comprehensive management of childhood obesity.

With the approval of targeted drugs for modification therapy of Alzheimer's disease, the role of blood markers in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease is becoming more and more important. The economical and easily accessible plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) is one of the most promising biomarkers for clinical application. Since it was first found in 2020, it has attracted wide attention in just a few years, rapidly becoming a research hotspot in this field, and is adopted as one of the core diagnostic biomarkers. This article reviewed the clinical measurements of plasma p-tau217 and the standardization of sample processing.