中华预防医学杂志最新文献

The incidence of wheat allergy in children is increasing year by year globally, seriously affecting the quality of life of children and their families and bringing a heavy burden. There are misconceptions among domestic clinical physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of wheat allergies, with both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. Based on current guidelines and relevant research evidence at home and abroad, this guideline provides recommendations on 15 clinical hot topics in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention, and develops a diagnostic flowchart to improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment of wheat allergy in children.

Since 2024, the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration has implemented sentinel surveillance for acute respiratory infectious (ARI) diseases to monitor the epidemiology and etiology of multiple pathogens such as influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. To ensure scientific rigor, standardized procedures, accurate and reliable data, and the efficient operation of network laboratories, a multidisciplinary expert panel-including representatives from the disease control and prevention system, sentinel hospitals, schools of public health, and research institutes-jointly developed the Expert Consensus on Quality Management for Sentinel Surveillance of ARI Diseases. The consensus was formulated through multiple rounds of discussion, investigation, and public consultation, incorporating national surveillance protocols, technical guidelines, scientific evidence, and practical experience. Focusing on establishing a comprehensive quality control system for the entire multi-pathogen surveillance process for ARI diseases, the consensus outlines key components covering all stages: target population definition; specimen collection, transport, aliquoting, and storage; laboratory infrastructure and equipment management; multiplex pathogen detection and gene sequencing; quality assurance of test results; biosafety; personnel training and assessment; and data management and analysis. This document aims to provide end-to-end technical guidance for quality control in ARI sentinel surveillance in China.

The year 2025 marks the 110th anniversary of the Chinese Medical Association-a significant milestone in the history of medical science in China. Over the past century, the Association has witnessed and facilitated remarkable advances in medicine, uniting generations of medical professionals committed to safeguarding public health. As one of its leading academic journals, the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, since its inception in 1953, has systematically documented the development of public health and preventive medicine in China-from the control of endemic diseases to the establishment of a modern public health system. Since 2008, in collaboration with the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, the Journal has published a decade-long series of annual special issues on HIV/AIDS prevention and control, comprehensively showcasing China's scientific progress and practical achievements in this field. These publications cover various domains, including epidemiology, behavioral interventions, policy evaluation, and health economics, collectively reflecting the evolution of prevention strategies. This article reviews the pivotal role of the Journal in advancing public health and disease prevention in China, underscores its academic influence and mission as a knowledge disseminator, and anticipates its ongoing contributions and innovations under the Healthy China 2030 initiative.

The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising globally, including in China, and has become an increasingly serious public health issue. This consensus, developed by the Allergy Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, draws on international guidelines (such as EAACI standards) and Chinese research to systematically outline the principles and methods of allergen testing. It aims to standardize testing procedures and improve early diagnosis and precision treatment. Taking into account regional variations in climate, allergen distribution, and patient characteristics across China, the consensus proposes regionally tailored testing recommendations to promote standardized management of allergic diseases. It covers both traditional testing methods, such as skin prick tests,serum-specific immunoglobulin E testing (sIgE), and emerging molecular diagnostic technologies, emphasizing targeted strategies tailored to China's specific context. The consensus aligns with international standards while reflecting regional innovations, providing scientific guidance for clinical practice.

To investigate the association of combined trajectories for triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and serum uric acid with diabetic retinopathy (DR). A cohort study design was utilized, based on the physical examination data of the Beijing Physical Examination Centre from 2015 to 2023, with one physical examination per year. The trajectory groups for the first 4 years were determined by the dual group-based trajectory model. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to explore the association between different trajectory groups and DR incidence. The study included 2 978 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During a median follow-up period of 3.95 years, 73 (2.5%) individuals developed DR. The majority were male, had a long duration of diabetes and a high baseline TyG index. The combined trajectory of the TyG index and serum uric acid allowed the whole population to be divided into three groups: the control group, with a total of 1 690 cases (56.7%) in which both TyG index and serum uric acid were at low levels; the high serum uric acid group, with a total of 786 cases (26.4%) in which serum uric acid was substantially elevated while the TyG index was mildly elevated; and the high TyG index group, with a total of 502 cases (16.9%) in which the TyG index was substantially elevated while serum uric acid was was mildly elevated. Compared with the control group, the high TyG index group had a higher risk of incident DR, with an effect value of [2.45 (95%CI: 1.26-4.75), P=0.008] from the Cox model fully adjusted for covariates, and the effect persisted after adjustment for the baseline TyG index and serum uric acid values (P=0.048); the high serum uric acid group was not found to be associated with the risk of incident DR (P>0.05). In conclusion, diabetic patients in the high TyG index trajectory group had a higher risk of DR incidence that persisted at mildly elevated blood uric acid, suggesting that diabetic patients should pay more attention to TyG index changes to prevent DR.

Allergen-specific IgE testing plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. Compared with traditional methods, quantitative IgE testing offers more precise diagnostic support, facilitates assessment of disease severity, guides personalized treatment, and improves the prediction of disease onset and prognosis. Given China's vast territory and regional diversity in geography, climate, dietary habits, and age distribution, the spectrum and prevalence of allergens vary significantly across populations. Therefore, the selection of allergens for testing should be guided by patients' clinical histories and regional epidemiological characteristics. Broad, non-targeted screening may lead to misinterpretation of allergen sensitization results. This article integrates epidemiological data and age stratification with quantitative allergen-specific IgE testing to standardize allergen testing practices and promote precision diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective: To explore the correlation between neutrophil percentage to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and coronary artery stenosis (CAS)≥50% in patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <2.60 mmol/L. Methods: This study enrolled patients with controlled LDL-C who had been diagnosed with CAS disease at the Department of Cardiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, between January and December 2013. Participants were stratified into two groups based on coronary angiography results: the CAS ≥50% group and the CAS <50% group. General clinical data, laboratory parameters, and NHR of patients were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify factors associated with CAS ≥50% in patients with controlled LDL-C. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the predictive value of these associated factors. The DeLong test was applied to compare the predictive efficacy among different models based on the ROC curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess the benefits of the models in clinical decision-making. Results: A total of 467 subjects were enrolled, including 317 in the CAS ≥50% group and 150 in the CAS <50% group. The NHR in the CAS ≥50% group (67.15±20.31) was significantly higher than that in the CAS<50% group (58.24±17.59, t=4.615, P<0.001). Elevated NHR was an associated factor for CAS ≥50% with controlled LDL-C [OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.003~1.027, P=0.016]. A ROC model integrating NHR, aspartate aminotransferase mitochondrial isoenzyme (ASTm), diabetes mellitus, and smoking history for predicting CAS≥50% in patients with controlled LDL-C had an area under the curve of 0.716, with a sensitivity of 61.50%, a specificity of 71.70%, and a Youden's index of 0.332. The DeLong test demonstrated that the integrated model exhibited significantly superior performance compared to the single NHR model (Z=3.765, P<0.001). Furthermore, DCA demonstrated that the integrated model can provide net benefits for clinical decision-making within a threshold probability range of 0.12~0.60. Conclusion: In patients with coronary artery lesions in whom LDL-C levels are controlled, elevated NHR is an associated factor for the occurrence of CAS≥50%. The model integrating NHR, ASTm, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history exhibits a certain predictive effect on disease.