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Using models and simulations to visualize NMD C3: lessons learned 利用模型和模拟可视化NMD C3:经验教训
C. H. Daniel
An in-depth case study of lessons learned, using modeling and simulation in the area of National Missile Defense Command and Control (NMD C2), so that future NMD commanders and staff can visualize their roles in the oversight of a complex, largely automated system is presented. Models and simulations are described which have been used to portray the operation of the automated software algorithms for battle planning and management, and how control actions and intervention by human operators during a missile engagement positively or negatively effect overall system performance. Finally, the successes and challenges encountered when trying to develop system metaphors using models and simulations are described in the context of future modeling and simulation plans for NMD.
利用国家导弹防御指挥与控制(NMD C2)领域的建模和仿真,对经验教训进行了深入的案例研究,以便未来的NMD指挥官和工作人员能够可视化他们在复杂的、很大程度上自动化系统的监督中的作用。模型和仿真描述了用于描述战斗规划和管理的自动化软件算法的操作,以及在导弹交战期间人类操作员的控制行动和干预如何积极或消极地影响整个系统性能。最后,在未来NMD建模和仿真计划的背景下,描述了使用模型和仿真开发系统隐喻时所遇到的成功和挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Tools for model-based real-time system synthesis 基于模型的实时系统综合工具
B. Abbott, Monica Joshi
The model-based approach is an experimental technique for system development that strives to automatically transform models describing the specifications required for a system into a usable solution. This paper describes an extensible set of the software tools required to build complex, parallel, real-time, computer systems using the model-based approach. The paper focuses on the model editor portion of the tools but also provides background information and application examples to enhance understanding.
基于模型的方法是一种用于系统开发的实验技术,它努力将描述系统所需规范的模型自动转换为可用的解决方案。本文描述了一套可扩展的软件工具,用于使用基于模型的方法构建复杂、并行、实时的计算机系统。本文着重于工具的模型编辑器部分,但也提供了背景信息和应用示例来增强理解。
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引用次数: 1
The many aspects of an IT-architecture it架构的许多方面
D. Hammer
An IT-architecture can be viewed as a high-level design that supports and restricts the construction of IT-systems of a given type. Starting from a list of general requirements, this paper gives an overview of the dimensions of such a design. In addition, the various, often contradicting, architectural views that are relevant for the various stakeholders are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the modeling of the system behavior and the related timing and dependability constraints. Although, these issues are discussed in an object-oriented context, the underlying principles hold for other modeling techniques as well.
it体系结构可以看作是支持和限制特定类型it系统构造的高级设计。本文从一般需求列表开始,概述了这种设计的维度。此外,还讨论了与各种涉众相关的各种(通常是相互矛盾的)体系结构视图。特别强调了系统行为的建模以及相关的时序和可靠性约束。尽管这些问题是在面向对象的上下文中讨论的,但其基本原则也适用于其他建模技术。
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引用次数: 3
HighRobot: a high-performance universal robot control on parallel workstations HighRobot:一个高性能的通用机器人控制并行工作站
W. Küchlin, G. Gruhler, T. Lumpp, A. Speck
This paper introduces a new type of parallel robot control based on standard hardware and software. HighRobot is a universal control for robot arms as well as peripheral devices. The control hardware is a multiprocessor SPARCstation running Solaris 2.x with soft real-time features compliant to POSIX.4. The software of the HighRobot control has an object-oriented design. Both hardware and software are structured in layers. The device control tasks are running in parallel on the workstation. The robot drives and peripheral devices are connected to HighRobot by the field-bus CAN.
本文介绍了一种基于标准软硬件的新型并联机器人控制方法。HighRobot是一个通用的控制机器人手臂和外围设备。控制硬件是一个运行Solaris 2的多处理器SPARCstation。具有符合POSIX.4的软实时特性。HighRobot控制软件采用面向对象的设计。硬件和软件都是分层结构的。设备控制任务在工作站上并行运行。机器人驱动器和外围设备通过现场总线CAN连接到HighRobot。
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引用次数: 13
An introduction to the processing graph method 介绍了处理图形的方法
David J. Kaplan
The Processing Graph Method (PGM) technology is a paradigm that provides the engineer/system designer with an environment to specify and maintain applications in a form which is invariant over a wide range of MIMD message passing parallel architectures. We will give the reader the flavor of this approach by providing a description of an application; illustrating how that application is represented; showing typical results obtained by running the application; providing a short description of the atoms that are used to build the application; and providing a short discussion of the technical issues to which PGM must respond.
处理图方法(PGM)技术是一种范例,它为工程师/系统设计人员提供了一种环境,以一种在广泛的MIMD消息传递并行体系结构中不变的形式指定和维护应用程序。我们将通过提供应用程序的描述来让读者体会这种方法的味道;说明如何表示该应用程序;显示运行应用程序获得的典型结果;提供用于构建应用程序的原子的简短描述;并对PGM必须回应的技术问题进行简短的讨论。
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引用次数: 16
Holistic view of complexity (position statement) 复杂性的整体观点(立场陈述)
H. Lawson
The author makes a strong case for the engineers of computer-based systems to become involved in all aspects of complexity. He divides complexity into inside (hardware and system software) and outside (development and deployment of application software). I contend, that thus far, the major emphasis of our ECBS work has been on treating outside complexities.
作者为基于计算机的系统的工程师提供了一个强有力的案例,让他们参与到复杂性的各个方面。他将复杂性分为内部(硬件和系统软件)和外部(应用软件的开发和部署)。我认为,到目前为止,我们ECBS工作的主要重点是处理外部复杂性。
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引用次数: 1
Layered architecture(s): principles and practice in concurrent and distributed systems 分层体系结构:并发和分布式系统中的原理和实践
H. Simpson
Architecture plays a crucial role in the management of the development of complex systems, by identifying components and connections, and by showing how these may be aggregated or decomposed to give the various levels of detail essential for a complete understanding of what is intended to be developed or what has been developed. This paper sets out a form of layered architecture which can be used to describe a real-time distributed computing system from the functional, design, distribution and execution viewpoints. Strong traceability between these four layers is achieved by the common application of a structural concept based on independently operating processing components which interact with one another and with the system environment, through explicitly defined interaction components. Of particular importance is the set of protocols which characterise the interactions from a functional viewpoint, and which directly translate into route connections in a design model. Routes are shown to have well defined distribution and execution properties. Some implementation issues and application examples are discussed. The layered architecture approach grows out of and feeds into, real industrial applications. It is supported by development tools and generic components which have demonstrated their value in terms of economic development and product robustness.
体系结构在复杂系统开发的管理中扮演着至关重要的角色,通过识别组件和连接,并通过显示如何将这些组件和连接聚合或分解,从而给出各种细节级别,这些细节级别对于完全理解打算开发什么或已经开发了什么至关重要。本文提出了一种从功能、设计、分布和执行角度描述实时分布式计算系统的分层体系结构形式。这四个层之间的强可追溯性是通过基于独立操作的处理组件的结构概念的通用应用实现的,这些处理组件通过显式定义的交互组件相互作用,并与系统环境相互作用。特别重要的是一组协议,它从功能的角度描述了交互,并直接转化为设计模型中的路由连接。路由具有定义良好的分布和执行属性。讨论了一些实现问题和应用实例。分层体系结构方法是从实际的工业应用程序中发展而来的。它得到了开发工具和通用组件的支持,这些工具和通用组件在经济发展和产品健壮性方面已经证明了它们的价值。
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引用次数: 17
A generic system for interactive real-time animation 交互式实时动画的通用系统
Marita Dücker, G. Lehrenfeld, Wolfgang Müller, C. Tahedl
The authors present a new approach to an interactive design and analysis environment for visual languages. The main components, i.e., editor animator and interpreter are introduced. Their interactions are being investigated emphasizing the interpreter-animator interaction and defining an interface supporting different levels of automation. The interpreter performs the executions on a logical level and triggers the animator. The interactive animation provides a very high degree of liveness since it is based on the tight integration of the animator and editor. The proposed architecture permits the distributed implementation of a system for real-time animation. Their concepts are validated by the implementation of a debugging environment for the complete visual programming language Pictorial Janus.
作者提出了一种可视化语言交互设计和分析环境的新方法。介绍了编辑器、动画器和解释器等主要组件。他们的相互作用正在进行调查,强调解释器-动画器的相互作用,并定义支持不同级别自动化的接口。解释器在逻辑层面执行执行并触发动画器。交互式动画提供了非常高的活跃性,因为它是基于动画器和编辑器的紧密集成。所提出的架构允许实时动画系统的分布式实现。他们的概念是通过一个调试环境的实现,为完整的可视化编程语言画报Janus验证。
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引用次数: 5
Representing abstract architectures with axiomatic specifications and activation conditions 用公理规范和激活条件表示抽象体系结构
P. Baraona, P. Alexander
Evaluating architectural design decisions early in the design process is critical for cost effective design. Formal analysis can provide such evaluation if architectures are defined in a formal way. This paper describes how VSPEC can be used to formally define an architecture during requirements specification. VSPEC is a Larch interface language for VHDL that annotates VHDL entities using the axiomatic style provided by Larch interface languages. Using VHDL's structural definition support, entities described in this manner are connected to form architectural descriptions. Activation conditions over component inputs define when that component must perform its transform. In this paper, we formally define a VSPEC component's state and how component states interact in an architecture. A rudimentary formal semantics for component activation is presented and used to define two potential satisfaction criterion.
在设计过程的早期评估架构设计决策对于具有成本效益的设计至关重要。如果以正式的方式定义体系结构,形式化分析可以提供这样的评估。本文描述了如何使用VSPEC在需求规范期间正式定义体系结构。VSPEC是一种用于VHDL的Larch接口语言,它使用Larch接口语言提供的公理风格来注释VHDL实体。使用VHDL的结构定义支持,以这种方式描述的实体被连接起来形成体系结构描述。组件输入上的激活条件定义了该组件何时必须执行其转换。在本文中,我们正式定义了VSPEC组件的状态以及组件状态如何在体系结构中相互作用。提出了一种用于组件激活的基本形式语义,并用于定义两个潜在的满足标准。
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引用次数: 2
Electronic enterprise engineering: an outline of an architecture 电子企业工程:体系结构概要
M. Bieber, Michael R. Bartolacci, J. Fjermestad, F. Kurfess, Qianhong Liu, Marvin K. Nakayama, A. Rana, W. Rossak, R. Scherl, M. Tanik, J. Wang, R. Yeh, P. Ng, Richard T. Sweeney, F. Vitali
In this paper we put forth a vision for organizations to fully embrace computer support. We propose a business-process oriented architecture for Electronic Enterprise Engineering (EEE) that will enable enterprises to manage and evolve all technological and organizational processes effectively; integrate and manage all enterprise information electronically; and empower knowledge workers at all levels with broad decision support capabilities. Our goal is for the EEE architecture to empower an enterprise to make the best use of its informational assets to operate effectively in this new era of electronic commerce. As part of this project we are developing a standard-based, customizable, integrated tool set called the Support Environment for Enterprise Engineering (SEEE). This paper presents the current SEEE architecture and shouts how it supports the three EEE goals.
在本文中,我们提出了一个愿景,组织完全拥抱计算机支持。提出了一种面向业务流程的电子企业工程(EEE)体系结构,使企业能够有效地管理和发展所有的技术和组织流程;对企业全部信息进行电子化整合和管理;并赋予各级知识工作者广泛的决策支持能力。我们的目标是让EEE体系结构使企业能够充分利用其信息资产,从而在电子商务的新时代有效地运作。作为该项目的一部分,我们正在开发一个基于标准的、可定制的、集成的工具集,称为企业工程支持环境(SEEE)。本文介绍了当前的EEE体系结构,并阐述了它如何支持EEE的三个目标。
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引用次数: 4
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Proceedings International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems
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