Sustainability is no longer a choice that organizations can make just for the sake of improving corporate image; it has rather become a necessity, a compulsory step that is imperative for all organizations and the avoidance of which would harm its own survival in the long run. Strategic human resource management is becoming a dominant approach towards managing human resource in the organizations that is more inclined towards sustainability. This paper aims to review the researches done in the area of talent management in building sustainable organizations and provide insights into the importance of the HR function in building a culture of sustainability in organizations. This study will help organizations and HR executives in designing and aligning their policies and practices in ways that would support the implementation of organizational sustainability strategy.
{"title":"A Study of the Contemporary Role of Talent Management in Building Sustainability Culture in Organizations","authors":"Y. Rizvi, Raksha Garg","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/09","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is no longer a choice that organizations can make just for the sake of improving corporate image; it has rather become a necessity, a compulsory step that is imperative for all organizations and the avoidance of which would harm its own survival in the long run. Strategic human resource management is becoming a dominant approach towards managing human resource in the organizations that is more inclined towards sustainability. This paper aims to review the researches done in the area of talent management in building sustainable organizations and provide insights into the importance of the HR function in building a culture of sustainability in organizations. This study will help organizations and HR executives in designing and aligning their policies and practices in ways that would support the implementation of organizational sustainability strategy.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/09
D. Sharma
Ted Hughes is a versatile genius. He is one of the foremost poets in English literature. The violence is present in Hughes's poetry "as a desperate wish to be out of the human altogether. Hughes is a poet who finds the human condition too much to take." The poetry of Ted Hughes has an element of violence. For him violence and power go together.The Hawk in the Rain is the first collection of poems by Ted Hughes. "The Hawk in the Rain" pitches us into the thick of a battle between vitality and death, which Hughes claimed was his only subject. It is, in this poem as in many, a one-sided battle. The poem "The Hawk in the Rain" presents a contrast between the steadiness, stability and strength of a hawk and the unsteadiness and sense of danger of a human being. We find the most vivid picture of the hawk being hurled down by a furious dream, and dashing against the earth, to be killed that instant. "The Hawk in the Rain" illustrates Hughes's vision of power and energy.
{"title":"Ted Hughes’s Vision of Power and Energy: A Special Reference to “the Hawk in the Rain”","authors":"D. Sharma","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/09","url":null,"abstract":"Ted Hughes is a versatile genius. He is one of the foremost poets in English literature. The violence is present in Hughes's poetry \"as a desperate wish to be out of the human altogether. Hughes is a poet who finds the human condition too much to take.\" The poetry of Ted Hughes has an element of violence. For him violence and power go together.The Hawk in the Rain is the first collection of poems by Ted Hughes. \"The Hawk in the Rain\" pitches us into the thick of a battle between vitality and death, which Hughes claimed was his only subject. It is, in this poem as in many, a one-sided battle. The poem \"The Hawk in the Rain\" presents a contrast between the steadiness, stability and strength of a hawk and the unsteadiness and sense of danger of a human being. We find the most vivid picture of the hawk being hurled down by a furious dream, and dashing against the earth, to be killed that instant. \"The Hawk in the Rain\" illustrates Hughes's vision of power and energy.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127403300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/01
R. Delima, H. B. Santoso, J. Purwadi
INTRODUCTION:Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in the world. During 2010 - 2013, this sector has contributed 14.9% in Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Direktorat Pangan dan Pertanian, 2013) with 26.14 million of household works in agriculture sector (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013). Based on those data, agricultural sector has big influence to Indonesia economic and society welfare. One of its ways to improve productivity and quality of agricultural product in Indonesia is by utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Agriculture Sector.Implementation of Information and Communication Technology in agricultural sector gives some benefits: (1) Increasing agriculture production; (2) Mitigating risk in agriculture sector; (3) Supporting profit optimization to farmers; (4) Increasing effectiveness in information sharing and communication between stakeholder in agriculture sector; (5) Increasing farmer's bargaining power; and (6) Supporting agriculture environmentally friendly (Delima, Santoso, & Purwadi, 2016). ICT brings big benefits to increase productivity, but implementation of ICT is still minimized. Some of the applications of agriculture with Indonesia language as the main language is still limited and can't be accessed, such as publication, public service, and product sales and agriculture tools from some vendors. Meanwhile, some of agricultural website which use Indonesian language as the main language as information and knowledge source is still limited (Delima & Purwadi, 2015). This problem is the main reason to develop Integrated Agriculture Information System (IAIS).Nowadays, IAIS is still in development phase. This system is specifically in place to process data, information, and knowledge in agriculture sector. IAIS is planned to be an integrated agriculture system that has some connected subsystems and able to link stakeholders in agriculture sector.The development process of a complex and integrated system needs well planned activities in some phases in order for all components in the system to have good interoperability capacity. System development plan is covered in system blueprint. System blueprint includes strategic development: (1) Organization vision and mission; (2) Data, Information, and Knowledge requirements; (3) Infrastructure requirements; (4) Application requirements; (5) Human resources requirements. Blueprint can be a guidance to develop and implement system.Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach is used to develop IAIS blueprint. Enterprise Architecture is used because of its ability to integrate all functions in Information Technology with organization business process (Marques, Borges, Sousa, & Pinho, 2011). Enterprise Architecture has 4 different architecture layers: (1) Business Architecture; (2) Application Architecture; (3) Information Architecture and (4) Technical Architecture. This article discusses about the development of Business Architecture for IAIS. Business Arc
{"title":"Business Architecture Development for Integrated Agriculture Information System (Iais) Using Togaf Framework","authors":"R. Delima, H. B. Santoso, J. Purwadi","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/01","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in the world. During 2010 - 2013, this sector has contributed 14.9% in Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Direktorat Pangan dan Pertanian, 2013) with 26.14 million of household works in agriculture sector (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013). Based on those data, agricultural sector has big influence to Indonesia economic and society welfare. One of its ways to improve productivity and quality of agricultural product in Indonesia is by utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Agriculture Sector.Implementation of Information and Communication Technology in agricultural sector gives some benefits: (1) Increasing agriculture production; (2) Mitigating risk in agriculture sector; (3) Supporting profit optimization to farmers; (4) Increasing effectiveness in information sharing and communication between stakeholder in agriculture sector; (5) Increasing farmer's bargaining power; and (6) Supporting agriculture environmentally friendly (Delima, Santoso, & Purwadi, 2016). ICT brings big benefits to increase productivity, but implementation of ICT is still minimized. Some of the applications of agriculture with Indonesia language as the main language is still limited and can't be accessed, such as publication, public service, and product sales and agriculture tools from some vendors. Meanwhile, some of agricultural website which use Indonesian language as the main language as information and knowledge source is still limited (Delima & Purwadi, 2015). This problem is the main reason to develop Integrated Agriculture Information System (IAIS).Nowadays, IAIS is still in development phase. This system is specifically in place to process data, information, and knowledge in agriculture sector. IAIS is planned to be an integrated agriculture system that has some connected subsystems and able to link stakeholders in agriculture sector.The development process of a complex and integrated system needs well planned activities in some phases in order for all components in the system to have good interoperability capacity. System development plan is covered in system blueprint. System blueprint includes strategic development: (1) Organization vision and mission; (2) Data, Information, and Knowledge requirements; (3) Infrastructure requirements; (4) Application requirements; (5) Human resources requirements. Blueprint can be a guidance to develop and implement system.Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach is used to develop IAIS blueprint. Enterprise Architecture is used because of its ability to integrate all functions in Information Technology with organization business process (Marques, Borges, Sousa, & Pinho, 2011). Enterprise Architecture has 4 different architecture layers: (1) Business Architecture; (2) Application Architecture; (3) Information Architecture and (4) Technical Architecture. This article discusses about the development of Business Architecture for IAIS. Business Arc","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125275777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:Governments at all levels have to play a major role in developing urban infrastructure which strengthens the base of an economy. Indian Constitutionhas provided for a three tiers federal structure (Union, State and Local) specifying the powers and responsibilities for all the tires of the governments. Therefore, it is the desired intention of the Constitution that all the tiers of the Governments work in a co -ordinated manner well within limits of the Constitution for urban infrastructure development. Third tier of Governments are generally termed as local self-governments and it has two wings, one which operates in the rural areas and the other in the urban areas. Constitutional status has been provided to these local governments through the 73th and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992. Local self-governmentoperating in urban areas are commonly known as "Urban Local Self Governments".Prior to the Amendment Act, the plan for local infrastructure development were used to be drawn by the upper tier governmentswhere local requirement would not be considered. Therefore, the amendment is a direction to the state governments for transfer of power and responsibilities to the local governments with respect to preparation of plans for economic development and social justice, and also for the implementation of development schemes as may be required to enable the local governments to function as institutions of self-government. Unfortunately the issue of empowerment of the local selfgovernments has been left at the discretion of the state governments and as a result legislation primarily aims to make urban local bodies accountable to their stategovernment rather than to the citizens (The World Bank, 2007).Urban Local Self Governments (hereinafter referred to as ULSG) are of three types: (i) Nagar Panchayats for areas in transition from a rural area tourban area; (ii) Municipal Councils for smaller urban areas; (iii) Municipal Corporations for larger urban areas.India is also in the stage of rapid urbanization like other countries in the World and the constitution has provided different and concurrent list of works for different levels of governments. The role of ULGs, after becoming statutorily responsible for providing basic infrastructural facilities and maintenance of the same in the urban areas, has become more and more important.ULSGs find it difficult to balance between the limited financial resources and the unlimited needs for public services. (Tesu, 2011).FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ULSGs:ULSGs are statutorily responsible to carry out decentralized functions effectively and this requires presence of two important elements: adequate level of revenue either raised locally or transferred from the central government and the authority to make decisions about expenditures (Meddzi and Gondo, 2010). Finance of ULSGs consists of two major sources: own source and external source. Own source of receipts basically includes tax and non-tax receipts
{"title":"URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN INDIA: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS","authors":"Smritimala Bhattacharyya, Anupam Dey, Gautam Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/04","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:Governments at all levels have to play a major role in developing urban infrastructure which strengthens the base of an economy. Indian Constitutionhas provided for a three tiers federal structure (Union, State and Local) specifying the powers and responsibilities for all the tires of the governments. Therefore, it is the desired intention of the Constitution that all the tiers of the Governments work in a co -ordinated manner well within limits of the Constitution for urban infrastructure development. Third tier of Governments are generally termed as local self-governments and it has two wings, one which operates in the rural areas and the other in the urban areas. Constitutional status has been provided to these local governments through the 73th and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992. Local self-governmentoperating in urban areas are commonly known as \"Urban Local Self Governments\".Prior to the Amendment Act, the plan for local infrastructure development were used to be drawn by the upper tier governmentswhere local requirement would not be considered. Therefore, the amendment is a direction to the state governments for transfer of power and responsibilities to the local governments with respect to preparation of plans for economic development and social justice, and also for the implementation of development schemes as may be required to enable the local governments to function as institutions of self-government. Unfortunately the issue of empowerment of the local selfgovernments has been left at the discretion of the state governments and as a result legislation primarily aims to make urban local bodies accountable to their stategovernment rather than to the citizens (The World Bank, 2007).Urban Local Self Governments (hereinafter referred to as ULSG) are of three types: (i) Nagar Panchayats for areas in transition from a rural area tourban area; (ii) Municipal Councils for smaller urban areas; (iii) Municipal Corporations for larger urban areas.India is also in the stage of rapid urbanization like other countries in the World and the constitution has provided different and concurrent list of works for different levels of governments. The role of ULGs, after becoming statutorily responsible for providing basic infrastructural facilities and maintenance of the same in the urban areas, has become more and more important.ULSGs find it difficult to balance between the limited financial resources and the unlimited needs for public services. (Tesu, 2011).FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ULSGs:ULSGs are statutorily responsible to carry out decentralized functions effectively and this requires presence of two important elements: adequate level of revenue either raised locally or transferred from the central government and the authority to make decisions about expenditures (Meddzi and Gondo, 2010). Finance of ULSGs consists of two major sources: own source and external source. Own source of receipts basically includes tax and non-tax receipts","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/07
Sulaiman, HafidhMaksum
INTRODUCTION:Nationalism is an understanding that creates and maintains the sovereignty of a country to realize the concept of general identity for a group of people (residents). This bonding occurs and grows in society when people (residents) start thinking about living together in a particular area, i.e a country that is no longer under the control of other nations (Kahim, 1995, p. 18). (Riff, 1982, p. 54). (Komalasari, 2008). It should be understood that Indonesia has various ethnic groups who inhabit in islands. Every island is isolated from one to another due to natural factors, resulting in an environment where relationship among islands is not easy. These conditions encourage the growth of tribal characteristics in terms of linguistic, and cultural ones which are different from one to another so it rises to the distinctive nature of each, according to the environment.Under different conditions, the nationalism of Acehnese grew through the signal of their senses of nationhood and fate similarity which was followed with resistance against the invaders and other rejections. In the sense, the reactions of the Acehnese towards invaders' actions and attitudes which marked the rebellion in some areas wereconducted by the Acehnese personages. The rebellion sware politically separate from the invaders and to repel invaders from Aceh' s land.The implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh is able to overcome new problems such as the rising sense of nationalism among Indonesian people. The flow problem can create Achenese nationalism identity. If we look at now a days from nationalism attitude (as the important elements in the growth of nationalism), we experienced changes towards better direction. (Maksum, 2017, p. 77).Islamic sharia is one of the solutions in creating Acehnese nationalism, because in Islamic sharia, we are demanded to act good to fellows without any discrimination and to teach love to the home land. (Zainuddin, 1961, p. 21).DISCUSSION:a. Nationalism in Islamic Perspective:Islam to its adherents is not only a religion in the sense of Western studies, but it is also a system that encompasses all aspects in human life. In his book, (Boisard, 1980, p. 183) assess that the universality of islam as a religion and social system can be proved from four terms : metaphysical term, religious term, sociological and political terms. As the belief in oneness of god is poured in a very strong belief, Islam is a universal ideology that can not be equated with ideologies of any religion. Besides this fundamental aspect, Islamic concept of human being is to help the universality of human. Human beings are independent and responsible. However, a human being is not secluded because he or shelive in a social environment and he or she will need to bear the consequences of his or her deeds. Double-Islamic conception of the individual is appropriate with the concept of universality that is accepted by modern western philosophy.Islam also teaches moral univer
民族主义是创造和维护一个国家的主权，实现一群人(居民)的普遍认同概念的一种理解。当人们(居民)开始考虑在一个特定地区共同生活时，即一个不再受其他国家控制的国家，这种联系就会在社会中发生并增长(Kahim, 1995, p. 18)。(里夫，1982，第54页)。(Komalasari, 2008)。应该了解的是，印度尼西亚有居住在岛屿上的各种民族。由于自然因素，每个岛屿之间都是孤立的，导致岛屿之间的关系并不容易。这些条件促进了部落特征的发展，在语言和文化方面，这些特征彼此不同，因此根据环境，每个人都有独特的本质。在不同的条件下，亚齐人的民族主义通过他们的国家意识和命运相似性的信号而增长，随后是对侵略者的抵抗和其他拒绝。从这个意义上说，亚齐人对侵略者的行动和态度的反应是由亚齐人进行的，这些行动和态度标志着某些地区的叛乱。叛乱分子发誓在政治上与侵略者分离，并将侵略者从亚齐的土地上赶走。在亚齐实施伊斯兰教法能够克服新的问题，例如印度尼西亚人民中日益高涨的民族主义意识。流动问题会产生中国人的民族主义认同。如果我们从民族主义的态度(作为民族主义成长的重要因素)来看，我们经历了朝着更好方向的变化。(Maksum, 2017，第77页)。伊斯兰教法是创造亚齐民族主义的解决方案之一，因为在伊斯兰教法中，我们被要求不加任何歧视地善待同胞，并教导对祖国的爱。(Zainuddin, 1961，第21页)。伊斯兰视角下的民族主义:对其信徒来说，伊斯兰不仅是西方研究意义上的宗教，而且是包含人类生活各个方面的体系。在他的书中，(Boisard, 1980, p. 183)评估，伊斯兰教作为一种宗教和社会制度的普遍性可以从四个方面来证明:形而上学的术语，宗教术语，社会学和政治术语。伊斯兰教是一种普遍的意识形态，不能与任何宗教的意识形态划等号。除了这一基本方面外，伊斯兰的人性观还有助于人类的普遍性。人类是独立和负责任的。然而，一个人不是与世隔绝的，因为他或她生活在一个社会环境中，他或她需要承担他或她的行为的后果。伊斯兰的双重个人观念与现代西方哲学所接受的普遍性观念是相适应的。伊斯兰教也教导道德的普遍性。毫无疑问，伊斯兰教义可以进入和扩展到任何地理区域，而不考虑不同的文化环境。神圣的启示是针对所有人的，所以他们拥抱伊斯兰教，并从一个层次到另一个层次，专门指导信徒遵守他的规则。遵从穆罕默德的教导意味着脱离与部落社会秩序的关系，并认同自己与新的统一(Dault, 2005，第160页)。然而，对以信仰为基础的社区的隶属关系和忠诚并不意味着伊斯兰教禁止基于信仰而存在于这些纽带之外的纽带。相反，伊斯兰教鼓励其他形式的联系，如家庭关系，只要不与伊斯兰教相矛盾(Umari, 1999，第12页)。关于伊斯兰教与民族主义关系的研究源于中东地区(Dault, 2005, p. 184)。就像在印度尼西亚一样，一些在欧洲学习的中东学生带着在西方学习的民族主义概念回国。…
{"title":"THE DEVELOPING OF NATIONALISM IN ACEHNES LOCAL WISDOM FOR THOSE WHO RUNS THE ISLAMIC SHARIA","authors":"Sulaiman, HafidhMaksum","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/07","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:Nationalism is an understanding that creates and maintains the sovereignty of a country to realize the concept of general identity for a group of people (residents). This bonding occurs and grows in society when people (residents) start thinking about living together in a particular area, i.e a country that is no longer under the control of other nations (Kahim, 1995, p. 18). (Riff, 1982, p. 54). (Komalasari, 2008). It should be understood that Indonesia has various ethnic groups who inhabit in islands. Every island is isolated from one to another due to natural factors, resulting in an environment where relationship among islands is not easy. These conditions encourage the growth of tribal characteristics in terms of linguistic, and cultural ones which are different from one to another so it rises to the distinctive nature of each, according to the environment.Under different conditions, the nationalism of Acehnese grew through the signal of their senses of nationhood and fate similarity which was followed with resistance against the invaders and other rejections. In the sense, the reactions of the Acehnese towards invaders' actions and attitudes which marked the rebellion in some areas wereconducted by the Acehnese personages. The rebellion sware politically separate from the invaders and to repel invaders from Aceh' s land.The implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh is able to overcome new problems such as the rising sense of nationalism among Indonesian people. The flow problem can create Achenese nationalism identity. If we look at now a days from nationalism attitude (as the important elements in the growth of nationalism), we experienced changes towards better direction. (Maksum, 2017, p. 77).Islamic sharia is one of the solutions in creating Acehnese nationalism, because in Islamic sharia, we are demanded to act good to fellows without any discrimination and to teach love to the home land. (Zainuddin, 1961, p. 21).DISCUSSION:a. Nationalism in Islamic Perspective:Islam to its adherents is not only a religion in the sense of Western studies, but it is also a system that encompasses all aspects in human life. In his book, (Boisard, 1980, p. 183) assess that the universality of islam as a religion and social system can be proved from four terms : metaphysical term, religious term, sociological and political terms. As the belief in oneness of god is poured in a very strong belief, Islam is a universal ideology that can not be equated with ideologies of any religion. Besides this fundamental aspect, Islamic concept of human being is to help the universality of human. Human beings are independent and responsible. However, a human being is not secluded because he or shelive in a social environment and he or she will need to bear the consequences of his or her deeds. Double-Islamic conception of the individual is appropriate with the concept of universality that is accepted by modern western philosophy.Islam also teaches moral univer","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114244885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:The increasing business competition in this globalization era is something unavoidable among business players. The success of SMEs in the globalization era depends on planning and implementation of own strategies (Porter, 1980). Although SMEs play an important role in the national economy, SMEs still have low competitiveness. The study results from Center for Industry SME and Business Competetition Studies of Trisakti University shows that the competitiveness of the micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia is the lowest compared to member countries of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Sarwani, 2012).Low competitiveness impact company's long-term existence. Competitive advantage is one factor to be considered by companies to achieve its objectives. (Porter, 2008) said that the competitive advantage is the most important thing in terms of a company's performance to compete and grow so they can defend themselves from the market's competitive pressures.The competitive advantage for the company is a company's ability to provide added value to its products. The added value that will attract consumers who must be willing to buy your products that have the same benefits as competitors but at lower prices, or have unique characteristics compared with competitors, but at a higher price (Porter, 1985). SMEs that have a competitive advantage manufacture products that are competitive. Competitive products marked with a quality product, in accordance to the wishes of consumers and be able to compete with similar products and has its own uniqueness (Song & Parry, 1997)(Sriyana, 2010), in his research on SMEs in Bantul, found that SMEs are still facing fundamental problems such as product quality, marketing and business sustainability. Marketing problems faced by SMEs in general is limited market access. They were only able to sell their products in the area where it is produced and have not been able to reach a larger extent.The competitive advantage for the company is that the company is implementing a strategy that cannot be replicated by its competitors (Barney, 1991). According to (Knight, Summer 2000), the company's potential is shown by the company's business strategy in responding to the challenges and opportunities caused by the business environment. Company implements its strategy in order to attract customers and deal with a variety of environmental problems, such as competitors and suppliers.Strategy is everything executed by the company to achieve its objectives. According to (Rostro & Grudzewski, 2008), understand the rules of marketing can help companies determine the strategies undertaken in gaining a competitive advantage. (Varadarajan & Cunningham, 1995) states that the purpose of such marketing strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage. Creating products that have more value for consumers, promotion and setting competitive prices are some forms of marketing strategies that can help SMEs dominate the market.The bu
{"title":"SMEs MARKETING STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN IMPROVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES (STUDY ON CENTER OF MAKING BEADS IN JOMBANG)","authors":"Widyastuti, Nadia Asandimitra Haryono, Monika Tiarawati","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/03","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:The increasing business competition in this globalization era is something unavoidable among business players. The success of SMEs in the globalization era depends on planning and implementation of own strategies (Porter, 1980). Although SMEs play an important role in the national economy, SMEs still have low competitiveness. The study results from Center for Industry SME and Business Competetition Studies of Trisakti University shows that the competitiveness of the micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia is the lowest compared to member countries of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Sarwani, 2012).Low competitiveness impact company's long-term existence. Competitive advantage is one factor to be considered by companies to achieve its objectives. (Porter, 2008) said that the competitive advantage is the most important thing in terms of a company's performance to compete and grow so they can defend themselves from the market's competitive pressures.The competitive advantage for the company is a company's ability to provide added value to its products. The added value that will attract consumers who must be willing to buy your products that have the same benefits as competitors but at lower prices, or have unique characteristics compared with competitors, but at a higher price (Porter, 1985). SMEs that have a competitive advantage manufacture products that are competitive. Competitive products marked with a quality product, in accordance to the wishes of consumers and be able to compete with similar products and has its own uniqueness (Song & Parry, 1997)(Sriyana, 2010), in his research on SMEs in Bantul, found that SMEs are still facing fundamental problems such as product quality, marketing and business sustainability. Marketing problems faced by SMEs in general is limited market access. They were only able to sell their products in the area where it is produced and have not been able to reach a larger extent.The competitive advantage for the company is that the company is implementing a strategy that cannot be replicated by its competitors (Barney, 1991). According to (Knight, Summer 2000), the company's potential is shown by the company's business strategy in responding to the challenges and opportunities caused by the business environment. Company implements its strategy in order to attract customers and deal with a variety of environmental problems, such as competitors and suppliers.Strategy is everything executed by the company to achieve its objectives. According to (Rostro & Grudzewski, 2008), understand the rules of marketing can help companies determine the strategies undertaken in gaining a competitive advantage. (Varadarajan & Cunningham, 1995) states that the purpose of such marketing strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage. Creating products that have more value for consumers, promotion and setting competitive prices are some forms of marketing strategies that can help SMEs dominate the market.The bu","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117279767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:The word Halal (ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) is defined as permissible, or lawful, in accordance to Islamic values. On the other hand, Haram means forbidden or prohibited (Alserhan, 2010; Wilson & Liu, 2010). Halal and Haram are clearly identified in the Islamic law via Quran and Hadith (acts of Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him) in regards to all types of products such as "pharmaceutical, cosmetics, finance, investments and toiletries " and behaviours. Accordingly, Muslims should be capable of recognising by themselves what is Halal and Haram. Haram acts, or consumption of alcohol, is regarded as a sin in Islamic law, which without repentance will be punished either during current life, or in the life thereafter, psychologically or physically. According to DEW research centre reports, the total Muslim adherents around the world is nearly 1.7 billion which makes up 23.4 per cent of the world's population and this is anticipated to rise to 27.5 per cent of the global population by 2030. Currently the Halal market is approximately $1.62 trillion per year and anticipated to rise up to $2.47 trillion by 2018. The Halal cosmetics market represent 7 per cent of global market with $54 billion, and is expected to reach $80 billion with 6.8% growth during the period of 2014 - 2020 (REUTER & DinarStandard, 2015). Despite reasonable market share for Halal cosmetics, the absence of Halal cosmetics and personal care still remains. In addition, Muslim consumers are largely forced to consume non-Halal cosmetics manufactured by non-Muslim manufacturers, which is expected to be non-Halal compliant components (Abd Rahman, Asrarhaghighi, & Ab Rahman, 2015). As argued by Mukhtar and Mohsin Butt (2012), cosmetics and personal care products have gained increased interest among Islamic marketing scholars due to the fact that most of the global brands include elements obtained from pork as stabilizers causing excessive levels of distrust regarding these brands amongst Muslim consumers who pursue use halal cosmetics and personal care.Although former studies related to Halal marketing were limited, Islamic compliant food and services, revealed that Halal products' consumers are highly loyal to halal brand. Thus their purchasing behaviour would not greatly be affected by economical changes. The high quality halal products usually provided, due to its compliance to Islamic values is increasingly attracting more non-Muslims consumers also (Alam & Sayuti, 2011; Lada, Tanakinjal, & Amin, 2009; Tieman & Ghazali, 2013). Halal products' increasing attractiveness can be related to religious commitment and beliefs that those products are healthier, cleaner and tastier (Lada et al., 2009). The importance of this study has emerged from the fact that Halal cosmetic market though it is a very promising market, according to previous figures, is suffering from a critical dearth of both theoretical and practical knowledge. Additionally, due to the fact t
{"title":"WHY DO PEOPLE PURCHASE HALAL COSMETICS? AN INTEGRATED MODEL IN SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"Ali Al-Hajla","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/03","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:The word Halal (ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) is defined as permissible, or lawful, in accordance to Islamic values. On the other hand, Haram means forbidden or prohibited (Alserhan, 2010; Wilson & Liu, 2010). Halal and Haram are clearly identified in the Islamic law via Quran and Hadith (acts of Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him) in regards to all types of products such as \"pharmaceutical, cosmetics, finance, investments and toiletries \" and behaviours. Accordingly, Muslims should be capable of recognising by themselves what is Halal and Haram. Haram acts, or consumption of alcohol, is regarded as a sin in Islamic law, which without repentance will be punished either during current life, or in the life thereafter, psychologically or physically. According to DEW research centre reports, the total Muslim adherents around the world is nearly 1.7 billion which makes up 23.4 per cent of the world's population and this is anticipated to rise to 27.5 per cent of the global population by 2030. Currently the Halal market is approximately $1.62 trillion per year and anticipated to rise up to $2.47 trillion by 2018. The Halal cosmetics market represent 7 per cent of global market with $54 billion, and is expected to reach $80 billion with 6.8% growth during the period of 2014 - 2020 (REUTER & DinarStandard, 2015). Despite reasonable market share for Halal cosmetics, the absence of Halal cosmetics and personal care still remains. In addition, Muslim consumers are largely forced to consume non-Halal cosmetics manufactured by non-Muslim manufacturers, which is expected to be non-Halal compliant components (Abd Rahman, Asrarhaghighi, & Ab Rahman, 2015). As argued by Mukhtar and Mohsin Butt (2012), cosmetics and personal care products have gained increased interest among Islamic marketing scholars due to the fact that most of the global brands include elements obtained from pork as stabilizers causing excessive levels of distrust regarding these brands amongst Muslim consumers who pursue use halal cosmetics and personal care.Although former studies related to Halal marketing were limited, Islamic compliant food and services, revealed that Halal products' consumers are highly loyal to halal brand. Thus their purchasing behaviour would not greatly be affected by economical changes. The high quality halal products usually provided, due to its compliance to Islamic values is increasingly attracting more non-Muslims consumers also (Alam & Sayuti, 2011; Lada, Tanakinjal, & Amin, 2009; Tieman & Ghazali, 2013). Halal products' increasing attractiveness can be related to religious commitment and beliefs that those products are healthier, cleaner and tastier (Lada et al., 2009). The importance of this study has emerged from the fact that Halal cosmetic market though it is a very promising market, according to previous figures, is suffering from a critical dearth of both theoretical and practical knowledge. Additionally, due to the fact t","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/14
I. Suyitno
{"title":"The Persons Pronouns of Using Language and Its Use in Banyuwangi Speech Community","authors":"I. Suyitno","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127543356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/12
Sarmadan Nur Siregar
INTRODUCTION:History of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a long history of movement of Muslims in Indonesia which involves the process of institutionalization of education as an important part of it. Education, for leaders and members of NU is the most strategic agency to embody the spirit of " al-muhāfazah al-Qadim al-Salih wa al-akhźu bi al-Jadid al-aslah" (preserve it past the good and implement new and better). Through education, the treasures, religious affinity and strengthening the people could be done continuously from generation to generation (Salim, 2003).As a socio-religious organization that handles many fields, NU has several agencies that deal with various problems. One of them is Maarif Education Board which serving in education field. In 1936 (1356 H1), NU's educational commission succeeded to arrange regulation about NU's Madrassas Structure that should be done after it had already been approved (Hasbullah, 1999).The education units of Central Tapanuli NU are still not optimally managed according to the modern organizational perspectives. For that reason in today's competitive era, NU Central Tapanuli realized that the demand to develop a more organized education quality to be a certainity.Among the problems faced by the Nahdlatul Ulama of Central Tapanuli in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in formal education is still in its weak capacity of madrassa2 / school management theory and practice from most NU's Madrassa / School Principals; and still lack the ability to formulate strategic policy to achieve the standard of content, process, educators and education personnel, and evaluation in the development of IRE.The phenomenon of the problems of Islamic religious education above in accordance with what is described by (Daulay, 2004), that the implementation of religious education is very complex, involving various aspects, because of the success is also related to various aspects, such as students, teachers, curriculum, management, methods, evaluations and so forth. To enhance the effectivity of it's implementation needs any evaluations to these aspects.Research on the development of Islamic Religious Education at the Central Tapanuli NU is very necessary because although NU in Central Tapanuli Regency as an isolated area, but Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive (PCNU) able to achieve the development of IRE and their educational institutions most nearly equal to Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive Padang Sidimpuan as the biggest Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive in North Sumatra. Moreover, in the history of NU in North Sumatra, Sibolga-Central Tapanuli is the second NU spreading areas after the beginning from Padang Sidimpuan.RESEARCH FOCUS:This study focused on the problem: (1) How Islamic education development policy is implemented by the Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive? (2) What is the role of Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama branch executive in the development of Islamic religious educati
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)的历史是印度尼西亚穆斯林运动的悠久历史，其中教育制度化的过程是其中的重要组成部分。教育，对于NU的领导和成员来说，是体现“al-muhāfazah al-Qadim al-Salih wa al-akhźu bi al-Jadid al-aslah”(保留过去的好，实施新的更好)精神的最具战略性的机构。通过教育，宝藏，宗教亲和力和加强人民可以代代相传(Salim, 2003)。作为一个涉及多个领域的社会宗教组织，NU有几个机构处理各种问题。其中之一是Maarif教育委员会，服务于教育领域。1936年(1356 H1)，西北大学教育委员会成功地安排了关于西北大学宗教学校结构的规定，该规定应在批准后进行(Hasbullah, 1999)。中央塔巴努里大学的教育单位仍然没有按照现代组织观点进行最佳管理。因此，在当今竞争激烈的时代，中央塔巴努里大学意识到，发展更有组织的教育质量的需求是必然的。中央塔巴努里教士联合会在正规教育中发展伊斯兰宗教教育(IRE)所面临的问题之一，仍然是大多数国立大学校长对学校管理理论和实践的能力薄弱;仍然缺乏制定战略方针的能力，以达到教育信息技术发展的内容标准、过程标准、教育者和教育人员标准、评价标准。上述伊斯兰教宗教教育问题的现象按照(Daulay, 2004)的描述，即宗教教育的实施是非常复杂的，涉及到各个方面，因为成功也涉及到各个方面，如学生、教师、课程、管理、方法、评价等等。为了提高其实施的有效性，需要对这些方面进行评价。研究中塔巴努里大学的伊斯兰宗教教育发展是非常必要的，因为尽管中塔巴努里大学是一个孤立的地区，但中塔巴努里乌拉玛分支机构(PCNU)能够实现IRE的发展，他们的教育机构几乎可以与北苏门答腊最大的乌拉玛分支机构巴东西丁普安相提并论。此外，在北苏门答腊的NU历史上，Sibolga-Central Tapanuli是继Padang Sidimpuan开始之后的第二个NU传播区域。研究重点:本研究聚焦于以下问题:(1)伊斯兰教教育发展政策是如何由中央塔巴努里教士联合会执行机构执行的?(2)在包括教育者、学生、课程、兴趣和学习管理等各个组成部分的伊斯兰宗教教育的发展中，中央Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama分支执行机构的作用是什么?(3)在组织行为学的框架下，中央塔巴努里大学Maarif教育委员会(LP Maarif NU)在伊斯兰宗教教育发展中的作用是什么?，其中包括:巩固教育的组织和体制模式，通过正规教育提高宗教意识，发展Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah教育机构。(4)支持和抑制伊斯兰教士联合会的因素是什么?它在塔巴努里中央区伊斯兰宗教教育发展中的作用是什么?研究/文献:NU运动的历史实际上是群岛伊斯兰教育的历史。NU的组织树非常茂盛，包括学校、伊斯兰教majelis、diniyah和madrassas /学校和学院等教育机构;并得到了社区中许多nahdli族的大力支持。…
{"title":"Nahdlatul Ulama and It’s Role in the Development of Islamic Religious Education in Central Tapanuli","authors":"Sarmadan Nur Siregar","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2(1)/12","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:History of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a long history of movement of Muslims in Indonesia which involves the process of institutionalization of education as an important part of it. Education, for leaders and members of NU is the most strategic agency to embody the spirit of \" al-muhāfazah al-Qadim al-Salih wa al-akhźu bi al-Jadid al-aslah\" (preserve it past the good and implement new and better). Through education, the treasures, religious affinity and strengthening the people could be done continuously from generation to generation (Salim, 2003).As a socio-religious organization that handles many fields, NU has several agencies that deal with various problems. One of them is Maarif Education Board which serving in education field. In 1936 (1356 H1), NU's educational commission succeeded to arrange regulation about NU's Madrassas Structure that should be done after it had already been approved (Hasbullah, 1999).The education units of Central Tapanuli NU are still not optimally managed according to the modern organizational perspectives. For that reason in today's competitive era, NU Central Tapanuli realized that the demand to develop a more organized education quality to be a certainity.Among the problems faced by the Nahdlatul Ulama of Central Tapanuli in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in formal education is still in its weak capacity of madrassa2 / school management theory and practice from most NU's Madrassa / School Principals; and still lack the ability to formulate strategic policy to achieve the standard of content, process, educators and education personnel, and evaluation in the development of IRE.The phenomenon of the problems of Islamic religious education above in accordance with what is described by (Daulay, 2004), that the implementation of religious education is very complex, involving various aspects, because of the success is also related to various aspects, such as students, teachers, curriculum, management, methods, evaluations and so forth. To enhance the effectivity of it's implementation needs any evaluations to these aspects.Research on the development of Islamic Religious Education at the Central Tapanuli NU is very necessary because although NU in Central Tapanuli Regency as an isolated area, but Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive (PCNU) able to achieve the development of IRE and their educational institutions most nearly equal to Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive Padang Sidimpuan as the biggest Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive in North Sumatra. Moreover, in the history of NU in North Sumatra, Sibolga-Central Tapanuli is the second NU spreading areas after the beginning from Padang Sidimpuan.RESEARCH FOCUS:This study focused on the problem: (1) How Islamic education development policy is implemented by the Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Executive? (2) What is the role of Central Tapanuli Nahdlatul Ulama branch executive in the development of Islamic religious educati","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115743663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:In many societies, conventional wisdom indicates that a person could get a better job through better education. Many people believe that if an individual graduates from a higher-ranked university with better grades, they can lead a more fulfilling career. By better job and more fulfilling career, we refer to 'job appointments' that fit a person's expectations, and pay higher salary in comparison to the salary earned by individuals who received lesser years of formal education.Nevertheless, contradictory opinions have been raised recently in many parts of the society. Recent research conducted by scholars indicates that many fresh graduates end -up holding job appointments that they have no interest (Ng, Shao, & Liu, 2016). Anecdotal evidence from news reports indicate that many graduates from branded universities ended up getting jobs that made them over-qualified. For example, working as butcher and security guards (Sina Hebei, 2013). In addition, the statistics from some countries indicate that college graduates did not earn significantly more than those who received lesser years of formal education. For example, in China, statistics indicate that the difference between the salary earned by fresh graduates after six months of their graduation and the salary of peasant workers has decreased from 33% in 2012 to 21% in 2015 (MyCOS Research Institute, 2013), (MyCOS Research Institute, 2016); (National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, 2013), (National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, 2016). Thus, it seems like collegial education does not necessarily equate a person with a better job and more fulfilling career.An easy way to challenge this statement is to state the fact that among a typical batch of graduates, when we consider their academic performance, there will always be outstanding students, mediocre students, and bad - performing students. Given that there will always be more mediocre and bad students in comparison to those who are outstanding, it is corollary for us to observe more cases of college students not performing well in their career. For example, the low difference between the salaries of fresh graduates and peasant workers might be due to the presence of outlining data points at the lower ends of the salary distribution. However, this does not mean that those who had outstanding academic performance in college do not have a better job.The current literature on fresh graduate employment has limited capacity in handling this opinion. The literature usually studies the issues of fresh graduate employment from a general perspective i.e., researchers tend not to focus on outstanding graduates to study their career development (Yu & Fan, 2011). Thus, given that there is a limited amount of research conducted on the outstanding student samples, we do not really know if graduates with outstanding academic performance tend to get better jobs. Thus, we conducted the current grounded
{"title":"The Influence of Information Disparity, Discrimination and Geographic Location on Job Search Outcome: Does Good Academic Performance Helps Outstanding Graduates Find “Good Job”?","authors":"Yixuan Gao, Jhony Choon Yeong Ng, Lumei Ding","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I2/05","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:In many societies, conventional wisdom indicates that a person could get a better job through better education. Many people believe that if an individual graduates from a higher-ranked university with better grades, they can lead a more fulfilling career. By better job and more fulfilling career, we refer to 'job appointments' that fit a person's expectations, and pay higher salary in comparison to the salary earned by individuals who received lesser years of formal education.Nevertheless, contradictory opinions have been raised recently in many parts of the society. Recent research conducted by scholars indicates that many fresh graduates end -up holding job appointments that they have no interest (Ng, Shao, & Liu, 2016). Anecdotal evidence from news reports indicate that many graduates from branded universities ended up getting jobs that made them over-qualified. For example, working as butcher and security guards (Sina Hebei, 2013). In addition, the statistics from some countries indicate that college graduates did not earn significantly more than those who received lesser years of formal education. For example, in China, statistics indicate that the difference between the salary earned by fresh graduates after six months of their graduation and the salary of peasant workers has decreased from 33% in 2012 to 21% in 2015 (MyCOS Research Institute, 2013), (MyCOS Research Institute, 2016); (National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, 2013), (National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, 2016). Thus, it seems like collegial education does not necessarily equate a person with a better job and more fulfilling career.An easy way to challenge this statement is to state the fact that among a typical batch of graduates, when we consider their academic performance, there will always be outstanding students, mediocre students, and bad - performing students. Given that there will always be more mediocre and bad students in comparison to those who are outstanding, it is corollary for us to observe more cases of college students not performing well in their career. For example, the low difference between the salaries of fresh graduates and peasant workers might be due to the presence of outlining data points at the lower ends of the salary distribution. However, this does not mean that those who had outstanding academic performance in college do not have a better job.The current literature on fresh graduate employment has limited capacity in handling this opinion. The literature usually studies the issues of fresh graduate employment from a general perspective i.e., researchers tend not to focus on outstanding graduates to study their career development (Yu & Fan, 2011). Thus, given that there is a limited amount of research conducted on the outstanding student samples, we do not really know if graduates with outstanding academic performance tend to get better jobs. Thus, we conducted the current grounded ","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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