(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTION:A wide variety of food products are marketed in Indonesia, whereas the circulated products were adapted to existing market share in the regions that are spread across Indonesia, because Indonesia is a country with a variety of cultures and religions. There are some food products that can only be marketed in a specific regions in Indonesia, one of factors to the existing of region parts in marketing products is their religious difference in which it was classified into Muslim and non-Muslim Indonesians. The circulation of products in a specific region of non-Muslim in Indonesia is not restricted on the types of distributable products. Unlike the region inhabited by Muslim population, only products with halal certainty are circulatabcan be circulated, since Muslims consume only halal food products in the first place, (Eri Agustian H., 2013).According to (Rangkuti, 2009), nowadays food consumers have a critical attitude in the selection of the products consumed. This is due to the problems frequently encountered that concern with the quality and safety of food products. To fulfill the demands of critical consumers, manufacturers provide labels they have earned from the institutions with authority on the packaging of products they marketed. One of the labels embedded in product packaging is halal. Halal label greatly affect the good or service marketed, thus it can be accepted by Muslim community, and attract them to make decisions in the purchase of products (Eri Agustian H., 2013). In addition, another label should be a concern for companies or organizations in marketing their products in Indonesia the one provided by department of health which shows that the product is at a level safe for consumption for consumers. Both labels are very important to pin up in the product to attract consumers making purchases on the product, (Fatmasari, 2014).Muslim needs to be extremely careful in checking the halal label and the permission label by the department of health on both goods and services. Sometimes the labels are only pinned up to a product with a very small size so it cannot be seen at a glance, and it has been found a lot of products with no halal label and permission label by the department of health that circulate freely around us, so that the Muslim as consumers should have their own initiative to care on the suitability and health of goods or services they want to consume.Consuming halal and healthy products is recommended by Islam and it is a reference of life for Muslim to carry out the religious orders in their daily life, particularly for things they will consume (Mohani Abdul, 2009). For consuming goods or services that are not allowed and unhealthy considered as a rejection toward the religious orders, in which such denial will have an impact on the actions that could be classified sinful. The act of sin is something that must be avoided by Muslims, so that the Muslim are only made compu
{"title":"Influence of Labeling Halal and Products Consumption Safety Labels to Buying Decisions of the Muslim Community","authors":"A. Santoso, S. Hartono, Wijianto","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/11","url":null,"abstract":"(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTION:A wide variety of food products are marketed in Indonesia, whereas the circulated products were adapted to existing market share in the regions that are spread across Indonesia, because Indonesia is a country with a variety of cultures and religions. There are some food products that can only be marketed in a specific regions in Indonesia, one of factors to the existing of region parts in marketing products is their religious difference in which it was classified into Muslim and non-Muslim Indonesians. The circulation of products in a specific region of non-Muslim in Indonesia is not restricted on the types of distributable products. Unlike the region inhabited by Muslim population, only products with halal certainty are circulatabcan be circulated, since Muslims consume only halal food products in the first place, (Eri Agustian H., 2013).According to (Rangkuti, 2009), nowadays food consumers have a critical attitude in the selection of the products consumed. This is due to the problems frequently encountered that concern with the quality and safety of food products. To fulfill the demands of critical consumers, manufacturers provide labels they have earned from the institutions with authority on the packaging of products they marketed. One of the labels embedded in product packaging is halal. Halal label greatly affect the good or service marketed, thus it can be accepted by Muslim community, and attract them to make decisions in the purchase of products (Eri Agustian H., 2013). In addition, another label should be a concern for companies or organizations in marketing their products in Indonesia the one provided by department of health which shows that the product is at a level safe for consumption for consumers. Both labels are very important to pin up in the product to attract consumers making purchases on the product, (Fatmasari, 2014).Muslim needs to be extremely careful in checking the halal label and the permission label by the department of health on both goods and services. Sometimes the labels are only pinned up to a product with a very small size so it cannot be seen at a glance, and it has been found a lot of products with no halal label and permission label by the department of health that circulate freely around us, so that the Muslim as consumers should have their own initiative to care on the suitability and health of goods or services they want to consume.Consuming halal and healthy products is recommended by Islam and it is a reference of life for Muslim to carry out the religious orders in their daily life, particularly for things they will consume (Mohani Abdul, 2009). For consuming goods or services that are not allowed and unhealthy considered as a rejection toward the religious orders, in which such denial will have an impact on the actions that could be classified sinful. The act of sin is something that must be avoided by Muslims, so that the Muslim are only made compu","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115949052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-2000 Nigerian literature in English demonstrates an extraordinary admiration for the child narrator. These narratives are presented from the perspective of a child to truthfully portray sociopolitical issues, and to present situations in which they are victimized by their elders. The victimized child-character symbolically represents vulnerable members of the society who are being exploited by the powerful. This article emphasizes on the fact that furtive problems, no matter how untellable they are, need to be addressed. Symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, fear, disturbed sleep and anxiety are clear signs of psychological trauma. The protagonist of the selected text has to continuously negotiate with her past. She gives vent to her frustration by torturing her own body and soul. Narration can operate as a catalyst for the recovery of the self. I integrate nightmares, a significant symptom of trauma due to sexual violence with deteriorated mental health. The novel becomes a medium to promote survival and resistance within African society, implicating readers as witnesses to assure change.
{"title":"The Return of Nightmares in Yejide Kilanko's Daughters Who Walk This Path","authors":"Shamaila Dodhy","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/09","url":null,"abstract":"Post-2000 Nigerian literature in English demonstrates an extraordinary admiration for the child narrator. These narratives are presented from the perspective of a child to truthfully portray sociopolitical issues, and to present situations in which they are victimized by their elders. The victimized child-character symbolically represents vulnerable members of the society who are being exploited by the powerful. This article emphasizes on the fact that furtive problems, no matter how untellable they are, need to be addressed. Symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, fear, disturbed sleep and anxiety are clear signs of psychological trauma. The protagonist of the selected text has to continuously negotiate with her past. She gives vent to her frustration by torturing her own body and soul. Narration can operate as a catalyst for the recovery of the self. I integrate nightmares, a significant symptom of trauma due to sexual violence with deteriorated mental health. The novel becomes a medium to promote survival and resistance within African society, implicating readers as witnesses to assure change.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128830562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:Regional economic conditions are more open, it is certain that the future development of the village will continue to provide a more complex challenge. Simultaneously, many parties encourage and acknowledge that the village has a large role for the city and the integrity of the nation (Komppula, 2015). The government seriously has launched a variety of rural development programs, such as the program areas of food, underdeveloped villages instruction program, integrated development between villages program, command movement prospered program, guidance mass, the intensification of the mass, particular intensification, the provision of assistance credit farming program, and Master Card effort people to improve livelihoods of our people (Trisaktiyana, 2016). However, still, to this day, many villages remain undeveloped, underdeveloped and poor. (Tampubolon, 2016).Poverty leads to unrest social economics through various ways such as (1) increase the burden of the government and the surrounding community, (2) poor quality and productivity of society, (3) low community participation, (4) the emergence of communities with violence, (5) the decrease of public order and public tranquility and (6) the decline in the quality of future generations, and on the other (7) accretion of new labor force naturally adds to the long line of open unemployment. Therefore, it is natural that rural economic development becomes a top priority in the plans, strategies and policy to break the chain of poverty and unemployment in rural areas.For creating a dual effect on employment opportunities and welfare, it is necessary to develop village-based containers. Every village has a potential to increase its independence. Thought for the formation of selfsufficient villages starting from the village's ability to meet people needs and has an abundance of production to be marketed at the local, regional, national or international (Kamat, 2012)Model OVOD (One Village One Destination) is an approach to rural development potential to produce tourism products that can compete on the international market, while still having a unique characteristic of the area. The resulting product is a product that uses local resources, both natural resources, and human resources (Larasati and Susanto, 2014) that fully involves the participation of rural communities by increasing the capacity of communities; (1) increase sustainable quality resource management, (2) increase availability of goods and services to maximize their resources in a sustainable manner; (3) improve the distribution and access to goods and services produced by the public; (4) improve the quality of goods and services; and (5) will ultimately improve the quality of life (Trisaktiyana, 2016). Three basic principles OVOD movement: First, the extent of the market, namely the development of rural tourism approach aims to improve, develop and market tourism products could be a source of pride to local communities, especia
{"title":"One Village One Destination Model in Economic Development of Bantul Tourism Village","authors":"Budi Hermawan, A. Hasan","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/24","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:Regional economic conditions are more open, it is certain that the future development of the village will continue to provide a more complex challenge. Simultaneously, many parties encourage and acknowledge that the village has a large role for the city and the integrity of the nation (Komppula, 2015). The government seriously has launched a variety of rural development programs, such as the program areas of food, underdeveloped villages instruction program, integrated development between villages program, command movement prospered program, guidance mass, the intensification of the mass, particular intensification, the provision of assistance credit farming program, and Master Card effort people to improve livelihoods of our people (Trisaktiyana, 2016). However, still, to this day, many villages remain undeveloped, underdeveloped and poor. (Tampubolon, 2016).Poverty leads to unrest social economics through various ways such as (1) increase the burden of the government and the surrounding community, (2) poor quality and productivity of society, (3) low community participation, (4) the emergence of communities with violence, (5) the decrease of public order and public tranquility and (6) the decline in the quality of future generations, and on the other (7) accretion of new labor force naturally adds to the long line of open unemployment. Therefore, it is natural that rural economic development becomes a top priority in the plans, strategies and policy to break the chain of poverty and unemployment in rural areas.For creating a dual effect on employment opportunities and welfare, it is necessary to develop village-based containers. Every village has a potential to increase its independence. Thought for the formation of selfsufficient villages starting from the village's ability to meet people needs and has an abundance of production to be marketed at the local, regional, national or international (Kamat, 2012)Model OVOD (One Village One Destination) is an approach to rural development potential to produce tourism products that can compete on the international market, while still having a unique characteristic of the area. The resulting product is a product that uses local resources, both natural resources, and human resources (Larasati and Susanto, 2014) that fully involves the participation of rural communities by increasing the capacity of communities; (1) increase sustainable quality resource management, (2) increase availability of goods and services to maximize their resources in a sustainable manner; (3) improve the distribution and access to goods and services produced by the public; (4) improve the quality of goods and services; and (5) will ultimately improve the quality of life (Trisaktiyana, 2016). Three basic principles OVOD movement: First, the extent of the market, namely the development of rural tourism approach aims to improve, develop and market tourism products could be a source of pride to local communities, especia","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture is one of the important sectors for Indonesia. Implementation of Information Technology in agriculture is able to give supporting data and information for agriculture business actor. In this research, an information system for plant and farmer’s activity is developed. This system is able to help a farmer in order to record every agriculture activity. Data which is saved in this system will help a farmer to monitor agriculture activity. This system is developed using Waterfall System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach. This method is chosen based on the number of the developer team. This method has four main processes such as crop data collection, planting calendar data collection, agriculture activity and Farmer activity, and agriculture product data collection. This system is able to give information about agriculture crop and plant, agriculture and Farmer activity in form of graphics and table. The next phase of this research is conducting usability testing to the application and conducting system implementation.
{"title":"Development of Crop and Farmer Activity Information System","authors":"R. Delima, Febrian Galih, Argo Wibowo","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/21","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is one of the important sectors for Indonesia. Implementation of Information Technology in agriculture is able to give supporting data and information for agriculture business actor. In this research, an information system for plant and farmer’s activity is developed. This system is able to help a farmer in order to record every agriculture activity. Data which is saved in this system will help a farmer to monitor agriculture activity. This system is developed using Waterfall System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach. This method is chosen based on the number of the developer team. This method has four main processes such as crop data collection, planting calendar data collection, agriculture activity and Farmer activity, and agriculture product data collection. This system is able to give information about agriculture crop and plant, agriculture and Farmer activity in form of graphics and table. The next phase of this research is conducting usability testing to the application and conducting system implementation.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116160281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Javanese Diaspora and Adapted Ecology of Java Ethnic in Simalungun North Sumatra","authors":"Rokhani, T. Sumarti, D. Damanhuri, E. Wahyuni","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metacognition basically refers to “thinking about thinking”. It is a process of monitoring and controlling one’s own cognition and comprises activities like planning, how to approach a learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating the progress. The present study is aimed at examining the effect of metacognitive awareness on the achievement in English of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 1007 secondary school students from Jammu &Kashmir(Rajouri and Poonch districts). For the assessment of metacognitive awareness of secondary school students, the researchers have adapted the metacognitive awareness inventory by Govil(2003) and standardized it afresh. The reliability of the tool is .84.For the assessment of achievement in English the researchers constructed and standardized an achievement test in English. Findings of the study show that majority of the Secondary School Students of Jammu &Kashmir (Rajouri and Poonch districts)possess very low level of metacognitive awareness. It has been found that there exists significant difference in metacognitive awareness with regard to gender, place of living and type of school and above all metacognitive awareness has come out as a strong predictor of achievement in English.
{"title":"Metacognitive Awareness as a Predicting Variable of Achievement in English among Secondary School Students","authors":"Ghulam Sarwer, Punita Govil","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/07","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition basically refers to “thinking about thinking”. It is a process of monitoring and controlling one’s own cognition and comprises activities like planning, how to approach a learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating the progress. The present study is aimed at examining the effect of metacognitive awareness on the achievement in English of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 1007 secondary school students from Jammu &Kashmir(Rajouri and Poonch districts). For the assessment of metacognitive awareness of secondary school students, the researchers have adapted the metacognitive awareness inventory by Govil(2003) and standardized it afresh. The reliability of the tool is .84.For the assessment of achievement in English the researchers constructed and standardized an achievement test in English. Findings of the study show that majority of the Secondary School Students of Jammu &Kashmir (Rajouri and Poonch districts)possess very low level of metacognitive awareness. It has been found that there exists significant difference in metacognitive awareness with regard to gender, place of living and type of school and above all metacognitive awareness has come out as a strong predictor of achievement in English.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125077019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:The world is changing, the economy is advancing day by day. Irrespective of gender both men and women have become part of economic development. It promises a blistering pace of growth in the productivity of each and every sector. Women's empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion on development economics. Women's empowerment shows the ability of women to contribute to the economic development and enjoy the rights to control and benefit from all resources. The role of women is the key to the overall development and growth of any country. It is the time to look around their comforts, their satisfaction, feelings, emotions and commitments because the negative result of all these factors leads to employee turnover and it will adversely affect the performance of the organization. Their Commitment and satisfaction are very much important for overall development of an entity. The practice of leaving a job can be observed regularly in all the organization due to several reasons. There is considerable evidence that money is often not the main reason behind employee turnover, even though it is one among the several factors for employee turnover. Keeping employees satisfied and ensuring their commitment is one of the key ingredients for the growth of an organization. The present study focuses on the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on turnover of female conductors in KSRTC.KSRTC is a passenger transport corporation, providing bus services in Kerala and to neighbouring states Tamilnadu and Bengaluru. It was established by the Government of Kerala in 1965. It is high time that the Corporation as a whole has remittance supporting it in a big way. The earlier dependence on financial supporting from the central and state government has reduced. Even though the remarkable performance of the employees would have resurrected the Corporation to a great extent. Therefore, ensuring the smooth functioning of the Corporation, the investigation about the organizational attitude of the employees is needed. In the 21st century the role of women seems to have in various working fields. The role of the women as a conductor in transport vehicle is one among them. Even though KSRTC was started with male dominance, the decision to open the gateway to women force has become a history in 1990. In KSRTC, female employees show their presence in both administrative and operational workspaces. If we have a closer look at the gender balance in KSRTC, it shows that it is still male dominated. It is a fact that working women have to face certain challenges and problems by virtue of being a woman. The present study focuses on the effect of Affective, Normative and Continuance commitment and Job satisfaction on turnover among the female conductors working in Kerala State Road Transport Corporation.LITERATURE REVIEW:Job Satisfaction:Job satisfaction is defined as 'the extent to which peoples like or dislike their jobs' (Spector 1997). Orga
引言:世界在变化，经济在日益发展。不论性别，男性和女性都已成为经济发展的一部分。它预示着每一个部门的生产率都将以惊人的速度增长。妇女赋权已成为发展经济学讨论的一个重要话题。赋予妇女权力表明妇女有能力为经济发展作出贡献，享有控制和受益于一切资源的权利。妇女的作用是任何国家全面发展和增长的关键。这是时候看看他们的舒适，他们的满意度，感觉，情绪和承诺，因为所有这些因素的负面结果导致员工流动，这将对组织的绩效产生不利影响。他们的承诺和满意度对一个实体的整体发展非常重要。离职的行为在所有组织中都可以经常观察到，原因有很多。有相当多的证据表明，金钱往往不是导致员工流失的主要原因，尽管它是导致员工流失的几个因素之一。让员工满意并确保他们的承诺是组织发展的关键因素之一。本研究主要探讨组织承诺和工作满意度对女指挥员离职的影响。KSRTC是一家客运公司，在喀拉拉邦以及邻近的泰米尔纳德邦和班加罗尔提供巴士服务。它由喀拉拉邦政府于1965年成立。现在是时候让公司作为一个整体得到大量的汇款支持了。早先对中央和邦政府财政支持的依赖已经减少。尽管员工的出色表现将在很大程度上使公司复活。因此，为了保证公司的顺利运作，有必要对员工的组织态度进行调查。在21世纪，女性的角色似乎在各个工作领域都有所不同。女性在交通工具中充当列车员的角色就是其中之一。虽然从一开始就以男性为主导，但从1990年开始，打开女性力量大门的决定已经成为了历史。在KSRTC，女性员工在行政和业务工作场所都有她们的存在。如果我们仔细观察KSRTC的性别平衡，就会发现它仍然是男性主导的。事实上，作为女性，职业女性不得不面对一些挑战和问题。本研究主要探讨情感承诺、规范承诺、持续承诺和工作满意度对喀拉拉邦国家公路运输公司女售票员离职的影响。文献综述:工作满意度:工作满意度被定义为“人们喜欢或不喜欢他们工作的程度”(Spector 1997)。组织研究表明，体验到工作满意度的员工更有可能提高工作效率并留在工作岗位上(McNeese-Smith1997)。(Irvine & Evans 1995)指出，工作满意度与行为意向之间存在很强的负向关系，而工作满意度与离职率之间存在较小的负向关系。根据(Singh and Patiraj 1988)的说法，工作满意度是指一个人对工作的满足感，这种满足感是工作的动力。对工作的积极态度在概念上等同于工作满意度。在不同时期，它与生产、动机、缺勤、迟到、事故、精神健康、身体健康、一般生活满意度和工作参与有关。工作满意度是人与环境相互作用的结果。工作满意度既包括从事某项工作所获得的满足感，也包括追求更高层次的满足感。它本质上与人类的需求和通过工作实现的需求有关。．．．
{"title":"PROPENSITY TO TURN OVER AMONG FEMALE EMPLOYEES – A STUDY ON KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION","authors":"S. Lekshmy, P. M. Kumar","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/19","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:The world is changing, the economy is advancing day by day. Irrespective of gender both men and women have become part of economic development. It promises a blistering pace of growth in the productivity of each and every sector. Women's empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion on development economics. Women's empowerment shows the ability of women to contribute to the economic development and enjoy the rights to control and benefit from all resources. The role of women is the key to the overall development and growth of any country. It is the time to look around their comforts, their satisfaction, feelings, emotions and commitments because the negative result of all these factors leads to employee turnover and it will adversely affect the performance of the organization. Their Commitment and satisfaction are very much important for overall development of an entity. The practice of leaving a job can be observed regularly in all the organization due to several reasons. There is considerable evidence that money is often not the main reason behind employee turnover, even though it is one among the several factors for employee turnover. Keeping employees satisfied and ensuring their commitment is one of the key ingredients for the growth of an organization. The present study focuses on the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on turnover of female conductors in KSRTC.KSRTC is a passenger transport corporation, providing bus services in Kerala and to neighbouring states Tamilnadu and Bengaluru. It was established by the Government of Kerala in 1965. It is high time that the Corporation as a whole has remittance supporting it in a big way. The earlier dependence on financial supporting from the central and state government has reduced. Even though the remarkable performance of the employees would have resurrected the Corporation to a great extent. Therefore, ensuring the smooth functioning of the Corporation, the investigation about the organizational attitude of the employees is needed. In the 21st century the role of women seems to have in various working fields. The role of the women as a conductor in transport vehicle is one among them. Even though KSRTC was started with male dominance, the decision to open the gateway to women force has become a history in 1990. In KSRTC, female employees show their presence in both administrative and operational workspaces. If we have a closer look at the gender balance in KSRTC, it shows that it is still male dominated. It is a fact that working women have to face certain challenges and problems by virtue of being a woman. The present study focuses on the effect of Affective, Normative and Continuance commitment and Job satisfaction on turnover among the female conductors working in Kerala State Road Transport Corporation.LITERATURE REVIEW:Job Satisfaction:Job satisfaction is defined as 'the extent to which peoples like or dislike their jobs' (Spector 1997). Orga","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"1905 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133121138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanny Purnama Kosasi, N. R. Sukatmadiredja, Andri Radiany
INTRODUCTION:The e-commerce market of Indonesia in 2014 reached USD 8 billion and will continue to increase to USD 24 billion in 2016 (Indonesian E-Commerce Association, 2016). But of the 88 million internet users only 27 percent shopping through e-commerce while the rest is using internet only for social activities (Statista, 2017). Why is that? The researchers stated that the Internet explosion made people euphoria so only used to exist, and interact with socialites in addition, too complicated sites and excessive advertising at the expense of content and lack of understanding of the target audience makes consumers, sometimes reluctant to try it (Burke, 1997; Crockett, 2000; Mitchell, 2000; Overby & Lee, 2006). Cowless et al. (2002) states that the motivation or desired value becomes the consideration for consumers. Consumers make a purchase again because of superior value with an attractive website design (Woodruff, 1997; Overby & Lee, 2006; Yoo et al. 2010). Many offline research states that the perception of value has been shown to influence choice, satisfaction, and loyalty (Cronin et al. 2000), while for online, it began to appear in some marketing research. However, there are still many questions as to whether the perception of customer value is different in the context of online shopping and, if any, to what extent the perception of values is affecting the preference and intent of online shopping. On the other hand, the relationship of value perception to the choice and intention of buying via online also depends on the frequency of consumers shopping through e-commerce (Evans et al. 2001; Liang & Huang, 1998).The main purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of interactive factors and flexibility on the perception of value, as well as the level of satisfaction for e-customer. This study contributes to the literature for previous research by examining the effects of utilitarian value perceptions, hedonic values on preference and purchase intentions and shopper frequency moderation in the context of e-commerce (Overby & Lee, 2006; Chitturi et al. 2008; Childers et al. 2001; Yoo et al. 2010).THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT:In order to examine the relationship between the perception of value via online we must understand the concept of value and its dimension. Previous research addresses values as merely a trade-off between quality and price or benefits and sacrifices (Cottet & Lichetle, 2006; Bolton & Drew, 1991). Other dimensions of value that scientists and managers must consider are hedonic and utilitarian values (Bolton & Drew, 1991; Grewal et al. 2003; Holbrook, 1994). These two dimensions of value seem to be the most universal (Babin et al. 1994; Babin & Darden 1995; Sheth, 1983).Utilitarian value:The utilitarian value comes from a conscious effort to achieve the desired result (Babin & Darden 1995; Babin et al. 1994). This value is instrumental, functional, and cognitive and represents customer value as a
引言:2014年印尼电子商务市场规模达到80亿美元，2016年将继续增长至240亿美元(印度尼西亚电子商务协会，2016)。但在8800万互联网用户中，只有27%的人通过电子商务购物，而其余的人只使用互联网进行社交活动(Statista, 2017)。为什么呢?研究人员指出，互联网的爆炸使人们陶醉，所以只用于存在，并与社会名流互动，此外，过于复杂的网站和过多的广告牺牲了内容和缺乏了解的目标受众使得消费者，有时不愿意尝试(伯克，1997;克罗克特,2000;米切尔,2000;Overby & Lee, 2006)。Cowless et al.(2002)认为动机或期望价值成为消费者的考虑因素。消费者再次购买，因为优越的价值与一个有吸引力的网站设计(伍德拉夫，1997;Overby & Lee, 2006;Yoo et al. 2010)。许多线下研究表明，价值感知已经被证明会影响选择、满意度和忠诚度(Cronin et al. 2000)，而对于在线，它开始出现在一些营销研究中。然而，在网上购物的背景下，顾客价值的感知是否不同，如果有的话，价值感知在多大程度上影响了网上购物的偏好和意图，仍然存在许多问题。另一方面，价值感知与在线购买的选择和意图的关系也取决于消费者通过电子商务购物的频率(Evans等人，2001;Liang & Huang, 1998)。本研究的主要目的是分析互动因素和灵活性对电子顾客价值感知和满意度的影响。本研究通过检验电子商务背景下功利价值感知、享乐价值对偏好和购买意愿以及购物者频率调节的影响，为先前的研究提供了文献(Overby & Lee, 2006;Chitturi et al. 2008;Childers等人，2001;Yoo et al. 2010)。理论背景与假设发展:为了研究在线价值感知之间的关系，我们必须理解价值的概念及其维度。以前的研究认为价值仅仅是质量和价格或利益和牺牲之间的权衡(Cottet & Lichetle, 2006;Bolton & Drew, 1991)。科学家和管理者必须考虑的其他价值维度是享乐主义和功利主义价值观(Bolton & Drew, 1991;Grewal et al. 2003;霍尔布鲁克,1994)。这两个维度的价值似乎是最普遍的(Babin et al. 1994;Babin & Darden 1995;Sheth, 1983)。功利价值:功利价值来自于实现预期结果的有意识的努力(Babin & Darden 1995;Babin et al. 1994)。这种价值是工具性的、功能性的和认知性的，它代表了客户价值作为实现目标的一种方式(Chandon et al. 2000)。功利价值与在线购物的使用有关，例如在实际购买之前从产品，服务和价格方面考虑购买(Hoffman & Novak, 1996)。功利价值是与享乐价值截然不同的东西(Overby & Lee 2006;Mathwick et al. 2001)。功利主义价值观包括更多的认知方面的态度，如金钱的经济价值(Zeithaml, 1988)和方便和节省时间的价值判断(Jarvenpaa & Todd, 1997;张志贤,2001)。例如，消费者可以在网上购物，因为网站容易找到和比较卖家，评估价格/质量的比例，节省时间来源，权力和心理(Yoo, et al. 2010;Overby & Lee, 2006;Grewal et al. 2003;Mathwick et al. 2001)。享乐价值:享乐价值，如娱乐、探索和自我表达(Ailawadi等. ...)
{"title":"The Role of Shopping Frequency: Perception of Value to Online Shopping Consumption","authors":"Lanny Purnama Kosasi, N. R. Sukatmadiredja, Andri Radiany","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/01","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:The e-commerce market of Indonesia in 2014 reached USD 8 billion and will continue to increase to USD 24 billion in 2016 (Indonesian E-Commerce Association, 2016). But of the 88 million internet users only 27 percent shopping through e-commerce while the rest is using internet only for social activities (Statista, 2017). Why is that? The researchers stated that the Internet explosion made people euphoria so only used to exist, and interact with socialites in addition, too complicated sites and excessive advertising at the expense of content and lack of understanding of the target audience makes consumers, sometimes reluctant to try it (Burke, 1997; Crockett, 2000; Mitchell, 2000; Overby & Lee, 2006). Cowless et al. (2002) states that the motivation or desired value becomes the consideration for consumers. Consumers make a purchase again because of superior value with an attractive website design (Woodruff, 1997; Overby & Lee, 2006; Yoo et al. 2010). Many offline research states that the perception of value has been shown to influence choice, satisfaction, and loyalty (Cronin et al. 2000), while for online, it began to appear in some marketing research. However, there are still many questions as to whether the perception of customer value is different in the context of online shopping and, if any, to what extent the perception of values is affecting the preference and intent of online shopping. On the other hand, the relationship of value perception to the choice and intention of buying via online also depends on the frequency of consumers shopping through e-commerce (Evans et al. 2001; Liang & Huang, 1998).The main purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of interactive factors and flexibility on the perception of value, as well as the level of satisfaction for e-customer. This study contributes to the literature for previous research by examining the effects of utilitarian value perceptions, hedonic values on preference and purchase intentions and shopper frequency moderation in the context of e-commerce (Overby & Lee, 2006; Chitturi et al. 2008; Childers et al. 2001; Yoo et al. 2010).THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT:In order to examine the relationship between the perception of value via online we must understand the concept of value and its dimension. Previous research addresses values as merely a trade-off between quality and price or benefits and sacrifices (Cottet & Lichetle, 2006; Bolton & Drew, 1991). Other dimensions of value that scientists and managers must consider are hedonic and utilitarian values (Bolton & Drew, 1991; Grewal et al. 2003; Holbrook, 1994). These two dimensions of value seem to be the most universal (Babin et al. 1994; Babin & Darden 1995; Sheth, 1983).Utilitarian value:The utilitarian value comes from a conscious effort to achieve the desired result (Babin & Darden 1995; Babin et al. 1994). This value is instrumental, functional, and cognitive and represents customer value as a ","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115349169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION:In the present development discourse, the debate over livelihood has been considered as an alternative paradigm for developing and underdeveloped countries. The discussion on livelihood gained public recognition in research, academic as well as in planning. Generally, livelihood concern as how people make living, by making enough food on the table, fulfills basic necessity for a good life like shelter, clothing etc. But theoretically, it means gaining a living through the capability, activities and assets. A livelihood is socially and environmentally sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintains and enhance it capability and assets and provide sustainable livelihood opportunity for the next generation and which contributes net benefit to other livelihoods at local and global levels and in the short and long term (Chambers and Conway, 1992). Ellis (2000) in his study highlight that natural, social, human, financial and physical capitals or assets, activities and access to these together three determined the individual or household livelihood (Mishra, 2009). Further Department for International Development (DFID) in his Sustainable Livelihood Framework guidance note suggests five foremost capitals to livelihood analysis and they are presented as assets pentagon. Chambers and Conway further divide assets and capitals into two types one is tangible assets and intangible assets. Intangible assets it includes resources and stores; like saving, credit, gold, jewelry, land, water, forest, tools, domestic assets, occupational assets, livestock etc and in intangible assets it includes claims and access; like demand and appeals for rights, issues etc. So, the individual or household livelihood is based on the maximum utilization of both the tangible and intangible capitals in their activities to satisfy their needs. The development of capitals in villages, communities, groups, households, and individuals, is not only responsibility of individual but also other stakeholders; like government and non-government organizations. As livelihood framework has been designed to address the issues faced by the rural and underdeveloped people. So, government, voluntary, nongovernment organizations and donor agencies have been continuously introducing different plan, policies and programs for the rural and disadvantage people like tribals for to make their livelihood sustainable. All stakeholders are engaging themselves in infrastructural, educational, occupational, social as such development for betterment these people.The livelihood structure and capital among the rural or disadvantaged people of India, particularly among tribals are largely confined to their socio-cultural, ecological and geographical settings. Agriculture, forest product and forest food collection are constituted major livelihood source and river, land, forest, community living, culture, traditional knowledge, homogeneity are such called as assets or capit
{"title":"Exploring Frontiers of Livelihood Capitals among Tribals: Experience from Odisha","authors":"B. Mohapatra, S. Ojha","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/17","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION:In the present development discourse, the debate over livelihood has been considered as an alternative paradigm for developing and underdeveloped countries. The discussion on livelihood gained public recognition in research, academic as well as in planning. Generally, livelihood concern as how people make living, by making enough food on the table, fulfills basic necessity for a good life like shelter, clothing etc. But theoretically, it means gaining a living through the capability, activities and assets. A livelihood is socially and environmentally sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintains and enhance it capability and assets and provide sustainable livelihood opportunity for the next generation and which contributes net benefit to other livelihoods at local and global levels and in the short and long term (Chambers and Conway, 1992). Ellis (2000) in his study highlight that natural, social, human, financial and physical capitals or assets, activities and access to these together three determined the individual or household livelihood (Mishra, 2009). Further Department for International Development (DFID) in his Sustainable Livelihood Framework guidance note suggests five foremost capitals to livelihood analysis and they are presented as assets pentagon. Chambers and Conway further divide assets and capitals into two types one is tangible assets and intangible assets. Intangible assets it includes resources and stores; like saving, credit, gold, jewelry, land, water, forest, tools, domestic assets, occupational assets, livestock etc and in intangible assets it includes claims and access; like demand and appeals for rights, issues etc. So, the individual or household livelihood is based on the maximum utilization of both the tangible and intangible capitals in their activities to satisfy their needs. The development of capitals in villages, communities, groups, households, and individuals, is not only responsibility of individual but also other stakeholders; like government and non-government organizations. As livelihood framework has been designed to address the issues faced by the rural and underdeveloped people. So, government, voluntary, nongovernment organizations and donor agencies have been continuously introducing different plan, policies and programs for the rural and disadvantage people like tribals for to make their livelihood sustainable. All stakeholders are engaging themselves in infrastructural, educational, occupational, social as such development for betterment these people.The livelihood structure and capital among the rural or disadvantaged people of India, particularly among tribals are largely confined to their socio-cultural, ecological and geographical settings. Agriculture, forest product and forest food collection are constituted major livelihood source and river, land, forest, community living, culture, traditional knowledge, homogeneity are such called as assets or capit","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128710909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By analysing questions asked in court by both court officials and lay persons, this paper argues that language of the court in Malawi is used to self-implicate suspects. The study employed the theory of Conversation Implicature supplemented by Halliday’s Interpersonal metafunction. The study reveals how the prosecution uses questions to indicate power dominance during court trials. Set of questions asked by the prosecution linguistically violates the maxim of relevance but the notion of implicature bridges the gap between what is being asked and the true meaning of the questions. The prosecution makes it even more difficult for the defendant by implying that the defendant violates maxims of quantity and manner by asking the witness questions that bring in more information at the same time irrelevant. This dominance in the court conversation may significantly affect the defence of the lay suspects since they have limited time to either build their case or attack the witness brought in court by the state. While such linguistic features used by court official serve a legal function, the outcome has a huge bearing on the laypersons who have no formal legal training. Findings of the study have huge implications in the field of law and linguistics.The study recommends that government should open up its legal system to its citizens. Aspects of legal language should also be integrated into Malawian school curricula so that the masses should be familiar with courtroom discourse, culture and its set-up, which are often times seen as strange and alien.
{"title":"EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES IN MALAWIAN MAGISTRATE COURTS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACH","authors":"E. Kizito, Wellman Kondowe","doi":"10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/RWJASC/V8I4/16","url":null,"abstract":"By analysing questions asked in court by both court officials and lay persons, this paper argues that language of the court in Malawi is used to self-implicate suspects. The study employed the theory of Conversation Implicature supplemented by Halliday’s Interpersonal metafunction. The study reveals how the prosecution uses questions to indicate power dominance during court trials. Set of questions asked by the prosecution linguistically violates the maxim of relevance but the notion of implicature bridges the gap between what is being asked and the true meaning of the questions. The prosecution makes it even more difficult for the defendant by implying that the defendant violates maxims of quantity and manner by asking the witness questions that bring in more information at the same time irrelevant. This dominance in the court conversation may significantly affect the defence of the lay suspects since they have limited time to either build their case or attack the witness brought in court by the state. While such linguistic features used by court official serve a legal function, the outcome has a huge bearing on the laypersons who have no formal legal training. Findings of the study have huge implications in the field of law and linguistics.The study recommends that government should open up its legal system to its citizens. Aspects of legal language should also be integrated into Malawian school curricula so that the masses should be familiar with courtroom discourse, culture and its set-up, which are often times seen as strange and alien.","PeriodicalId":243104,"journal":{"name":"Researchers World","volume":"68 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123245335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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