Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.140-159
Sarkowi Sarkowi, Roshiful Aqli Qosyim
The practice of early marriage breeds many problems. This case also quite a lot happened in Kaliboto Kidul, Lumajang. This study traces why the phenomenon occurs. The article also looks at the practice with the perspective of maqashid sharia. Therefore, the important debate is whether the practice of early marriage is entirely problematic or on the other hand has benefits. This paper is packed with an interdisciplinary approach; normative, sociological, and philosophical. This article found that the main reason for the practice of early marriage is because of pregnancy out of wedlock, among other reasons. For this reason, in the perspective of Maqasid Shari'ah, the practice of early marriage can be the best choice to protect women and children (hifz an-nafs and an-nasl), although it still gives birth to new effects, namely during childbirth. However, the danger is still assessed at a lower level of dharuri than allowing the child to be trapped in adultery. Therefore, this article confirms that in the normative, sociological, and philosophical context the practice of early marriage does not fully present harm, but it becomes an option to protect other potential harms.
{"title":"The Early Marriage in Kaliboto Kidul on Maqasid Sharia Perspective","authors":"Sarkowi Sarkowi, Roshiful Aqli Qosyim","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.140-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.140-159","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of early marriage breeds many problems. This case also quite a lot happened in Kaliboto Kidul, Lumajang. This study traces why the phenomenon occurs. The article also looks at the practice with the perspective of maqashid sharia. Therefore, the important debate is whether the practice of early marriage is entirely problematic or on the other hand has benefits. This paper is packed with an interdisciplinary approach; normative, sociological, and philosophical. This article found that the main reason for the practice of early marriage is because of pregnancy out of wedlock, among other reasons. For this reason, in the perspective of Maqasid Shari'ah, the practice of early marriage can be the best choice to protect women and children (hifz an-nafs and an-nasl), although it still gives birth to new effects, namely during childbirth. However, the danger is still assessed at a lower level of dharuri than allowing the child to be trapped in adultery. Therefore, this article confirms that in the normative, sociological, and philosophical context the practice of early marriage does not fully present harm, but it becomes an option to protect other potential harms.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.115-139
M. Nizar, Feria Tamara, M. N. Ardi
Career women have their own challenges to manage interests between work and family. However, not all career women are able to answer the demands to execute these two interests optimally. This paper aims to see what is behind the dual role of career women at Sultan Agung Islamic University and how they negotiate these two interests. This study is an empirical study using a gender approach. This paper finds that the dominant factors that place them in a dual role are economics and self-existence. Therefore, the negotiation process by establishing communication and cooperation in the household is the main thing. This strategy has an important impact on how the power of mutual trust and an attitude of responsibility is built in husband and wife relationships. In this position, the dual role chosen by career women does not further corner her position as a woman, but instead strengthens her position as the key holder of harmonious and stable relationships in the household.
{"title":"Between Work and Family: Multiple Role Strategies of Career Women in Sultan Agung Islamic University","authors":"M. Nizar, Feria Tamara, M. N. Ardi","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.115-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.115-139","url":null,"abstract":"Career women have their own challenges to manage interests between work and family. However, not all career women are able to answer the demands to execute these two interests optimally. This paper aims to see what is behind the dual role of career women at Sultan Agung Islamic University and how they negotiate these two interests. This study is an empirical study using a gender approach. This paper finds that the dominant factors that place them in a dual role are economics and self-existence. Therefore, the negotiation process by establishing communication and cooperation in the household is the main thing. This strategy has an important impact on how the power of mutual trust and an attitude of responsibility is built in husband and wife relationships. In this position, the dual role chosen by career women does not further corner her position as a woman, but instead strengthens her position as the key holder of harmonious and stable relationships in the household.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120858523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.93-114
M. Fajri, O. S. Mukhlas, Atang Abdul Hakim
The institutionalization of substitute heirs in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is a breakthrough based on the principles of justice and humanity for heirs who are left behind, but this regulation is considered vague, has multiple interpretations, and can even disrupt the basic principles of Islamic inheritance. The existence of regulations on substitute heirs is very influential in the distribution of inherited assets, as parties who were not entitled to inheritance become entitled to it. This is a normative study with statutory, conceptual, and political approaches. The results of the study indicate that the policy of forming a substitute heir law in terms of updating and developing Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is inseparable from the situation and condition of legal requirements, which are more or less influenced by the values that live in society and the continuous developments in society itself, especially in aspects of justice. However, the regulation needs to be revised or corrected in the content of the article so that it is right on target and does not have multiple interpretations within its reach, so that it is in line with the objectives of the law, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty.
{"title":"Tracing the Equity on Islamic Heirs: The Reach of Inheritance of Substitute Heirs on the Compilation of Islamic Law","authors":"M. Fajri, O. S. Mukhlas, Atang Abdul Hakim","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.93-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.93-114","url":null,"abstract":"The institutionalization of substitute heirs in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is a breakthrough based on the principles of justice and humanity for heirs who are left behind, but this regulation is considered vague, has multiple interpretations, and can even disrupt the basic principles of Islamic inheritance. The existence of regulations on substitute heirs is very influential in the distribution of inherited assets, as parties who were not entitled to inheritance become entitled to it. This is a normative study with statutory, conceptual, and political approaches. The results of the study indicate that the policy of forming a substitute heir law in terms of updating and developing Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is inseparable from the situation and condition of legal requirements, which are more or less influenced by the values that live in society and the continuous developments in society itself, especially in aspects of justice. However, the regulation needs to be revised or corrected in the content of the article so that it is right on target and does not have multiple interpretations within its reach, so that it is in line with the objectives of the law, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129540514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.76-92
Zuhdi Hasibuan
In Islamic law, for a child who has not been mumayyiz, their custody falls in the hands of the mother. If the child has been mumayyiz, then the child is given the right to choose and determine who has the right to care for him. However, the judge of Panyabungan Religious Court decides the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. This study aims to analyze the judge’s considerations in determining the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. Using a normative and philosophical approach by using Maqasid Sharia theory, this study employs a qualitative methodology to examine the judge’s consideration. As for the results of this study, firstly, in consideration of the judge stipulating the custody of the child who has not been mumayyiz to the father is to maintain the child’s physical growth. Second, the author believes that a judge who determines to whom child custody is granted should prioritize the existence of religion over the existence of the soul. It means that child custody is given priority to one of the parents with better religion, behavior, and association than prioritizing the child's physical needs.
{"title":"For the Sake of Protecting Physcal Needs: Maqasid Sharia Perspective Toward Judges Consideration on Child Custody","authors":"Zuhdi Hasibuan","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.76-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.76-92","url":null,"abstract":"In Islamic law, for a child who has not been mumayyiz, their custody falls in the hands of the mother. If the child has been mumayyiz, then the child is given the right to choose and determine who has the right to care for him. However, the judge of Panyabungan Religious Court decides the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. This study aims to analyze the judge’s considerations in determining the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. Using a normative and philosophical approach by using Maqasid Sharia theory, this study employs a qualitative methodology to examine the judge’s consideration. As for the results of this study, firstly, in consideration of the judge stipulating the custody of the child who has not been mumayyiz to the father is to maintain the child’s physical growth. Second, the author believes that a judge who determines to whom child custody is granted should prioritize the existence of religion over the existence of the soul. It means that child custody is given priority to one of the parents with better religion, behavior, and association than prioritizing the child's physical needs.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.1-26
Nihrul Bahi Alhaidar, Muhammad Muhajir, Syamsu Dhuha
After attendance, the enactment of the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 3 of 2018 answers the legal vacuum over isbat for Polygamous marriage. But in practice, the SEMA confuses its implementation. This study aims to analyze the application of polygamous marriage law in SEMA number 3 of 2018 and the juridical implications for justice, expediency, and legal certainty. This research includes normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal purpose is used as his analysis knife. The study concluded that closing the door of Isbat for Polygamous marriage is not the right solution because marriage isbat is one way to obtain legal guarantees in the eyes of the state. The aggrieved subject of the SEMA was a polygamous wife who could not take legal action in seeking justice. Judging from Gustav Radbruch's theory, SEMA number 3 of 2018 has not met the elements of legal objectives. The provisions in SEMA number 3 of 2018 only accommodate the interests of children. The rights of polygamous wives should be prioritized because the benefits received are more significant than tightly closing the door of isbat for Polygamous marriage. It is necessary to review SEMA number 3 of 2018 to contain concrete values of justice, expediency and legal certainty for children and wives.
{"title":"The Closure of Isbat For Polygamous Marriage on Legal Purpose Perspective","authors":"Nihrul Bahi Alhaidar, Muhammad Muhajir, Syamsu Dhuha","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.1-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.1-26","url":null,"abstract":"After attendance, the enactment of the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 3 of 2018 answers the legal vacuum over isbat for Polygamous marriage. But in practice, the SEMA confuses its implementation. This study aims to analyze the application of polygamous marriage law in SEMA number 3 of 2018 and the juridical implications for justice, expediency, and legal certainty. This research includes normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal purpose is used as his analysis knife. The study concluded that closing the door of Isbat for Polygamous marriage is not the right solution because marriage isbat is one way to obtain legal guarantees in the eyes of the state. The aggrieved subject of the SEMA was a polygamous wife who could not take legal action in seeking justice. Judging from Gustav Radbruch's theory, SEMA number 3 of 2018 has not met the elements of legal objectives. The provisions in SEMA number 3 of 2018 only accommodate the interests of children. The rights of polygamous wives should be prioritized because the benefits received are more significant than tightly closing the door of isbat for Polygamous marriage. It is necessary to review SEMA number 3 of 2018 to contain concrete values of justice, expediency and legal certainty for children and wives.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.50-75
Lilis Sulistianingsih
Bisexuality as an orientation deviation that places a person to be able to have sexual relations both against the opposite sex and the same sex, today has become a social problem as well as a legal issue that seems to be still not expressly regulated in the legislation. Especially if bisexual acts are committed in a legal marriage institution by a husband or wife, while in it there are no constant quarrels. This article discusses bisexual acts committed in marriage with two focuses of discussion, namely bisexual acts in legislation from the perspective of critical legal studies (CLS) and legal reformulation of future laws and regulations. Through the type of normative research with legal, philosophical, and conceptual approaches, this article argues that the normativity of bisexual acts in marriage from the CLS perspective is still a requirement for an individualist-liberal legal style. The article argues that a reformulation of some regulations in Indonesia is necessary. This article offers a reformulation with two things. First, adding the offense of same-sex adultery to Article 411 to Article 411A of the Criminal Code. Second, amend and add authentic interpretations to the Explanation of Article 39 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Article 19 letter a of Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, and Article 116 letter a of the Compilation of Islamic Law.
{"title":"The Construction of Bisexual Act as A Ground for Divorce on Critical Legal Studies Perspective","authors":"Lilis Sulistianingsih","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.50-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.50-75","url":null,"abstract":"Bisexuality as an orientation deviation that places a person to be able to have sexual relations both against the opposite sex and the same sex, today has become a social problem as well as a legal issue that seems to be still not expressly regulated in the legislation. Especially if bisexual acts are committed in a legal marriage institution by a husband or wife, while in it there are no constant quarrels. This article discusses bisexual acts committed in marriage with two focuses of discussion, namely bisexual acts in legislation from the perspective of critical legal studies (CLS) and legal reformulation of future laws and regulations. Through the type of normative research with legal, philosophical, and conceptual approaches, this article argues that the normativity of bisexual acts in marriage from the CLS perspective is still a requirement for an individualist-liberal legal style. The article argues that a reformulation of some regulations in Indonesia is necessary. This article offers a reformulation with two things. First, adding the offense of same-sex adultery to Article 411 to Article 411A of the Criminal Code. Second, amend and add authentic interpretations to the Explanation of Article 39 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Article 19 letter a of Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, and Article 116 letter a of the Compilation of Islamic Law.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.27-49
Fahruddin Ali Sabri
State actors and non-State actors have an important role and contribution to solving acts of domestic violence. These actors are given space through Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Legal protection and human rights are the main points for victims of domestic violence in protecting their dignity and dignity as human beings. Victims of domestic violence have the option to resolve it through both State and non-State actors, they seem comfortable with their choice of friends in resolving these acts of domestic violence. This article uses ethnographic methodology by observing the behavior, knowledge, beliefs, network of friends, and culture of the selection process for solving domestic violence in the city of Surabaya. This article is derived from data collected through documentation, semi-participant observation, and interactive dialogue. Friends as an institution where to complain, and seek resolution has been chosen by victims of domestic violence. They consider that friends play an important role as a preliminary institution rather than other actors such as nuclear relatives, police and courts who are State and other non-State actors.
{"title":"Choosing Friends to Help a Victim of Domestic Violence in Surabaya","authors":"Fahruddin Ali Sabri","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.27-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2023.13.1.27-49","url":null,"abstract":"State actors and non-State actors have an important role and contribution to solving acts of domestic violence. These actors are given space through Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Legal protection and human rights are the main points for victims of domestic violence in protecting their dignity and dignity as human beings. Victims of domestic violence have the option to resolve it through both State and non-State actors, they seem comfortable with their choice of friends in resolving these acts of domestic violence. This article uses ethnographic methodology by observing the behavior, knowledge, beliefs, network of friends, and culture of the selection process for solving domestic violence in the city of Surabaya. This article is derived from data collected through documentation, semi-participant observation, and interactive dialogue. Friends as an institution where to complain, and seek resolution has been chosen by victims of domestic violence. They consider that friends play an important role as a preliminary institution rather than other actors such as nuclear relatives, police and courts who are State and other non-State actors.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129912426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.21-46
Nafi’ Mubarok
Abstract : United Nations ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1089. It is a form of legal protection for children to meet children's rights in UN member countries. As a UN convention, it has coercive power on all UN member states to sign and ratify the Convention. The topic of child rights becomes interesting when the discussion focuses on countries with a long historical culture and civilization. One of them is the Malay civilization, namely Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, all are members of the United Nations. This paper presents the finding related to the agreement of the Malay community to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the follow-up of that agreement in its implementation in the legal system of these countries. At the end of the article, it is concluded that: (1) four countries belonging to the Malay family, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, have agreed and ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), but with the application of reservation rights for Malaysia and Brunei; (2) four countries have passed child laws; and (3) the diversity of age limits for children in the four countries. Abstrak : Pada tahun 1089 Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa mengesahkannya sebagai Kovensi Hak Anak (Convention of Rights of The Child), yang bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak, sebagai upaya pemenuhan terhadap hak-hak anak di negara-negara anggota PBB. Sebagai konvensi PBB, maka mempunyai kekuatan memaksa pada semua Negara anggota PBB untuk menandatangani dan meratifikasi konvensi tersebut. Menjadi menarik ketika difokuskan pada negara-negara yang mempunyai sejarah panjang, terutama mempunyai kesamaan rumpun dan budaya. Salah satunya adalah negara rumpun Melayu, yaitu Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura, yang kesemuanya merupakan anggota PBB. Dalam konteks inilah tulisan ini hadir, yaitu untuk mengetahui persetujuan negara-negara rumun Melayu terhadap Konvensi Hak Anak, dan tindak lanjut dari persetujuan tersebut dalam implementasinya dalam system hukum negara-negara tersebut. Di akhir tulisan disimpulkan bahwa: (1) empat negara rumpun Melayu, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura dan Brunei, telah menyepakati dan meratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak (CRC), namun dengan pemberlakuan hak reservasi untuk Malaysia dan Brunei; (2) empat negara telah mengesahkan undang-undang anak; dan (3) adanya keberagaman batasan usia anak di empat negara tersebut.
摘要:联合国于1989年批准了《儿童权利公约》。在联合国成员国，满足儿童权利是对儿童的一种法律保护形式。作为一项联合国公约，它对所有联合国成员国签署和批准该公约具有强制性。当讨论集中在具有悠久历史文化和文明的国家时，儿童权利的话题变得有趣起来。其中之一是马来文明，即文莱、印度尼西亚、马来西亚和新加坡，它们都是联合国的成员国。本文介绍了与马来社区同意《儿童权利公约》有关的调查结果，以及在这些国家的法律制度中执行该协定的后续行动。文章最后得出结论:(1)属于马来家族的印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡和文莱四个国家已经同意并批准了《儿童权利公约》，但马来西亚和文莱适用保留权;(2)四个国家通过了儿童法;(3)四个国家儿童年龄限制的多样性。摘要:Pada tahun 1089 Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa mengesahkannya sebagai Kovensi Hak Anak(儿童权利公约)，yang bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap Anak, sebagai upaya pemenuhan terhadap Hak - Hak Anak di negara-negara anggota PBB。广东广东，广东广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东，广东。Menjadi menarik ketika difokuskan pada negara-negara yang menpunyai sejarah panjang, terutama menpunyai kesamaan rumpun dan budaya。Salah satunya adalah negara rumpun Melayu, yitu文莱，印度尼西亚，马来西亚，dan新加坡，yang kesemuanya merupakan anggota PBB。Dalam konteks inilah tulisan ini hadir, yitu untuk mengetahui persetujuan negara-negara rumun Melayu terhadap Konvensi Hak Anak, dan tindak lanjut dari persetujuan tersebut Dalam实施inya Dalam系统hukum negara-negara tersebut。Di akhir tulisan dispulkan bahwa:(1)印度尼西亚，马来西亚，新加坡和文莱，telah menyepakati dan meratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak (CRC)， namun dengan pemberlakuan Hak reservasi untuk马来西亚和文莱;(2) empat negara telah mengesahkan undang undang anak;Dan (3) adanya keberagaman batasan usia anak di empat negara tersebut。
{"title":"Pemenuhan Hak Anak di Negara-negara Rumpun Melayu","authors":"Nafi’ Mubarok","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.21-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.21-46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : United Nations ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1089. It is a form of legal protection for children to meet children's rights in UN member countries. As a UN convention, it has coercive power on all UN member states to sign and ratify the Convention. The topic of child rights becomes interesting when the discussion focuses on countries with a long historical culture and civilization. One of them is the Malay civilization, namely Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, all are members of the United Nations. This paper presents the finding related to the agreement of the Malay community to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the follow-up of that agreement in its implementation in the legal system of these countries. At the end of the article, it is concluded that: (1) four countries belonging to the Malay family, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, have agreed and ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), but with the application of reservation rights for Malaysia and Brunei; (2) four countries have passed child laws; and (3) the diversity of age limits for children in the four countries.\u0000Abstrak : Pada tahun 1089 Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa mengesahkannya sebagai Kovensi Hak Anak (Convention of Rights of The Child), yang bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak, sebagai upaya pemenuhan terhadap hak-hak anak di negara-negara anggota PBB. Sebagai konvensi PBB, maka mempunyai kekuatan memaksa pada semua Negara anggota PBB untuk menandatangani dan meratifikasi konvensi tersebut. Menjadi menarik ketika difokuskan pada negara-negara yang mempunyai sejarah panjang, terutama mempunyai kesamaan rumpun dan budaya. Salah satunya adalah negara rumpun Melayu, yaitu Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura, yang kesemuanya merupakan anggota PBB. Dalam konteks inilah tulisan ini hadir, yaitu untuk mengetahui persetujuan negara-negara rumun Melayu terhadap Konvensi Hak Anak, dan tindak lanjut dari persetujuan tersebut dalam implementasinya dalam system hukum negara-negara tersebut. Di akhir tulisan disimpulkan bahwa: (1) empat negara rumpun Melayu, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura dan Brunei, telah menyepakati dan meratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak (CRC), namun dengan pemberlakuan hak reservasi untuk Malaysia dan Brunei; (2) empat negara telah mengesahkan undang-undang anak; dan (3) adanya keberagaman batasan usia anak di empat negara tersebut.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123717428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.96-112
Elva Imeldatur Rohmah, Arif Jamaluddin Malik
Abstract : This research under tittle “The Existence of Women to Realize the Sakinah Family in Classical and Contemporary Scholars Thought” is a type of library research using a qualitative approach and a comparative descriptive method. The data sources of this research consist of primary sources from the books of Uqudullijain, Fathul Mu'in, Fathul Qorib, Al-Majmu' Syarah Al-Muhadzdzab, Bidayatul Mujtahid, Qur'an According to Women, The Rights of Women in Islam, Major Themes of Qur'an, Woman and Islam, and Feminism and Women Empowerment in Islamic Scales. The secondary sources in this study are other books that examine women and the sakinah family. The results of this study explain that women in their lives have roles, among others, as a wife, mother, and career woman. In classical Islamic thought, a woman is like a queen in her husband's house. The husband is obliged to meet all the needs of his wife, even in terms of preparing food, washing clothes, and all other aspects of household tasks. Meanwhile, a wife has an obligation to serve her husband's sexual needs, be obedient and obedient to her husband, accompany her husband, and manage all household matters. Women are only described as having a domestic role within the scope of their household. Meanwhile, according to contemporary Islamic thought, men and women have the same values and positions. So it has a logical consequence that women are able to take part in the public sector like a man. Women who only take part in the domestic sector or carry out multiple roles at the same time still have a great opportunity to create a sakinah family. This can be done by straightening the intention and basing everything on Allah SWT; understand your partner well; understand each other's roles and duties; foster affection among family members; maintain communication, open and familiarize deliberation; be fair; and always increase patience and gratitude. Abstrak : Penelitian dengan judul “Eksistensi Wanita Untuk Mewujudkan Keluarga Sakinah Dalam Pandangan Ulama Klasik dan Kontemporer” ini merupakan jenis riset kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode deskriptif komparatif. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber primer yang berasal dari kitab Uqudullijain, Fathul Mu’in, Fathul Qorib, Al-Majmu’ Syarah Al-Muhadzdzab, Bidayatul Mujtahid, Qur'an Menurut Perempuan, The Rights of Women in Islam, Major Themes of Qur’an, Woman and Islam, dan Feminisme dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Timbangan Islam. Adapun sumber sekunder pada penelitian ini adalah buku-buku lain yang mengkaji tentang wanita dan keluarga sakinah. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa wanita dalam kehidupannya memiliki peran antara lain sebagai seorang istri, ibu, dan wanita karier. Dalam pandangan ulama klasik, wanita bagaikan seorang ratu di rumah suaminya. Suami wajib mencukupi segala macam kebutuhan istrinya, bahkan dalam hal menyiapkan makanan, mencuci pakaian, dan segala aspek tugas rumah tang
摘要:本研究以“古典与当代学者思想中女性的存在与释迦家族的实现”为主题，是一种采用定性方法和比较描述方法的图书馆研究。本研究的资料来源主要来自Uqudullijain、Fathul Mu'in、Fathul Qorib、Al-Majmu' Syarah al - muhadzzdab、Bidayatul Mujtahid、《古兰经中妇女的权利》、《古兰经的主要主题》、《妇女与伊斯兰》、《伊斯兰尺度下的女权主义与妇女赋权》等著作。本研究的次要资料来源是其他研究妇女和sakinah家庭的书籍。这项研究的结果解释了女性在生活中扮演的角色，其中包括妻子、母亲和职业女性。在古典伊斯兰思想中，女人在丈夫家里就像女王一样。丈夫有义务满足妻子的一切需要，甚至是准备食物、洗衣服和其他所有方面的家务。同时，妻子有义务满足丈夫的性需求，对丈夫顺从顺从，陪伴丈夫，管理一切家庭事务。妇女只被描述为在其家庭范围内扮演家庭角色。同时，根据当代伊斯兰思想，男性和女性具有相同的价值观和地位。因此，合乎逻辑的结果是，女性能够像男性一样参与公共部门的工作。只参与家庭部门或同时扮演多种角色的妇女仍然有很大的机会建立一个sakinah家庭。这可以通过纠正意图和基于真主SWT的一切来实现;了解你的伴侣;了解彼此的角色和职责;培养家庭成员之间的感情;保持沟通，开放和熟悉审议;是公平的;要时刻增加耐心和感激之情。摘要:Penelitian dengan judul " Eksistensi Wanita Untuk Mewujudkan Keluarga Sakinah Dalam Pandangan Ulama Klasik dan Kontemporer " ini merupakan jenis riset kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif medekatan kemalitf deskriptif comparatif。Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari Sumber primer yang berasal dari kitab Uqudullijain, Fathul Mu ' in, Fathul Qorib, Al-Majmu ' Syarah al - muhadzdjab, Bidayatul Mujtahid，古兰经Menurut Perempuan，伊斯兰妇女权利，古兰经主题，妇女与伊斯兰教，女权主义dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Timbangan伊斯兰教。adapapun number sek，根据pada penelitian ini adalah buku-buku，杨梦卡吉，tentenwanita, dankeluarga sakinah。Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa wanita dalam kehidupannya memoriliki peran antara lain sebagai seorang istri, ibu, dan wanita karier。达拉姆·潘当甘·乌拉玛·克拉斯克，想要得到巴加甘·巴加甘·乌拉甘·拉图·迪·苏米尼亚。Suami wajib mencukupi segala macam kebutuhan istrinya, bahkan dalam hal menyiapkan makanan, menuci pakaian, dan segala aspek tugas rumah tangga yang lainnya。Sedangkan seorang isstri memiliki kewajiban untuk melayani kebutuhan sesual suaminya, taat patuh pada suaminya, mendampingi suami, serta mengatur segala urusan rumah tangga。万妮塔·汉雅·迪甘巴坎·梅利奇·佩尔斯克·达姆·林库帕·唐甘雅·萨迦。我想要的是，我想要的是我想要的，我想要的是我想要的，我想要的是我想要的。seingga hal tersebut memiliki konsekuensi logis bahwa wanita pun mampu berkiprah di sector public像selayaknya seorang laki-laki。万尼塔。杨。汉尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。柏金尼亚。halini bisa dilakukan dengan cara melanduskan niat dan melandaskan segala Hal pada Allah Swt;Memahami pasangan dengan baik;Memahami peran Dan tugas -masing;Menumbuhkan kasih sayang anggota keluarga;Menjaga komunikasi, terbuka Dan membiasakan musyawarah;bersikap adil;Serta selalu成员banyak sabar Dan syukur。
{"title":"Peran Wanita Untuk Mewujudkan Keluarga Sakinah Dalam Pemikiran Islam Klasik Dan Kontemporer","authors":"Elva Imeldatur Rohmah, Arif Jamaluddin Malik","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.96-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.96-112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : This research under tittle “The Existence of Women to Realize the Sakinah Family in Classical and Contemporary Scholars Thought” is a type of library research using a qualitative approach and a comparative descriptive method. The data sources of this research consist of primary sources from the books of Uqudullijain, Fathul Mu'in, Fathul Qorib, Al-Majmu' Syarah Al-Muhadzdzab, Bidayatul Mujtahid, Qur'an According to Women, The Rights of Women in Islam, Major Themes of Qur'an, Woman and Islam, and Feminism and Women Empowerment in Islamic Scales. The secondary sources in this study are other books that examine women and the sakinah family. The results of this study explain that women in their lives have roles, among others, as a wife, mother, and career woman. In classical Islamic thought, a woman is like a queen in her husband's house. The husband is obliged to meet all the needs of his wife, even in terms of preparing food, washing clothes, and all other aspects of household tasks. Meanwhile, a wife has an obligation to serve her husband's sexual needs, be obedient and obedient to her husband, accompany her husband, and manage all household matters. Women are only described as having a domestic role within the scope of their household. Meanwhile, according to contemporary Islamic thought, men and women have the same values and positions. So it has a logical consequence that women are able to take part in the public sector like a man. Women who only take part in the domestic sector or carry out multiple roles at the same time still have a great opportunity to create a sakinah family. This can be done by straightening the intention and basing everything on Allah SWT; understand your partner well; understand each other's roles and duties; foster affection among family members; maintain communication, open and familiarize deliberation; be fair; and always increase patience and gratitude.\u0000Abstrak : Penelitian dengan judul “Eksistensi Wanita Untuk Mewujudkan Keluarga Sakinah Dalam Pandangan Ulama Klasik dan Kontemporer” ini merupakan jenis riset kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode deskriptif komparatif. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber primer yang berasal dari kitab Uqudullijain, Fathul Mu’in, Fathul Qorib, Al-Majmu’ Syarah Al-Muhadzdzab, Bidayatul Mujtahid, Qur'an Menurut Perempuan, The Rights of Women in Islam, Major Themes of Qur’an, Woman and Islam, dan Feminisme dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Timbangan Islam. Adapun sumber sekunder pada penelitian ini adalah buku-buku lain yang mengkaji tentang wanita dan keluarga sakinah. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa wanita dalam kehidupannya memiliki peran antara lain sebagai seorang istri, ibu, dan wanita karier. Dalam pandangan ulama klasik, wanita bagaikan seorang ratu di rumah suaminya. Suami wajib mencukupi segala macam kebutuhan istrinya, bahkan dalam hal menyiapkan makanan, mencuci pakaian, dan segala aspek tugas rumah tang","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.1-20
Sahrul Hidayatullah
Abstrack : The marriage rule in the form of a prohibition on marrying someone other than Ahmadiyah (endogamy) is a special regulation regulated in an institution called Rishta Nata. The regulation is oriented towards maintaining the family in order to form a uniform view of life in the household of the Ahmadiyah congregation, so as to create a happy family harmony under the auspices of the Ahmadiyya teachings. This study will examine the endogamous marriage regulation system in the Ahmadiyya congregation, the aim is to analyze the function of the rules in the family and community scope of the Ahmadiyya Jama'at in Yogyakarta. This research is a field research which also includes qualitative with a phenomenological-sociological approach that uses the theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. The conclusion of this study is that the Ahmadiyya Jamaat's endogamous marriage in the family dimension according to the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah can be understood from the seven spaces of movement as follows; First, maintain the pattern of relationships between husband and wife. Second, preserving the existence and purity of the Ahmadiyya Community. Third, maintain the peace and integrity of the family of the Ahmadiyya Community. Fourth, maintain the purity of the family lineage. Fifth, preserving the ideology of the Ahmadiyya Community in the family environment. Sixth, maintain the principles and patterns of family relationships. Seventh, protecting family economic disparities and alleviating poverty. Abstrak : Aturan pernikahan yang berupa larangan menikah dengan selain Ahmadiyah (endogami) merupakan peraturan khusus yang diatur dalam sebuah lembaga yang bernama Rishta Nata. Aturan tersebut berorientasi pada pemeliharaan keluarga agar terbentuk keseragaman pandangan hidup dalam rumah tangga jemaat Ahmadiyah, sehingga tercipta keluarga yang harmonis dibawah naungan ajaran Ahmadiyah. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji tentang sistem peraturan pernikahan endogami di jemaat Ahmadiyah, tujuannya untuk menganalisa fungsi aturan dalam ruang lingkup keluarga dan komunitas Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian field research yang juga termasuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis-sosiologis yang menggunakan teori Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pernikahan endogami Jemaat Ahmadiyah dalam dimensi keluarga menurut maqāṣid al-sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah dapat dipahami dari tujuh ruang gerak sebagai berikut; Pertama, menjaga pola hubungan antar suami-istri. Kedua, melestarikan eksistensi dan kemurnian Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Ketiga, menjaga ketentraman dan keutuhan keluarga Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Keempat, memelihara kemurnian nasab keluarga. Kelima, melestarikan ideologi Jemaat Ahmadiyah di lingkungan keluarga. Keenam, menjaga prinsip dan pola hubungan keluarga. Ketujuh, melindungi kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga serta mengentaskan kemiskinan.
摘要:以禁止与Ahmadiyah以外的人结婚(内婚制)为形式的婚姻规则是一种被称为riishta Nata的制度所规定的特殊规定。该条例的目的是维护家庭，以便在Ahmadiyya教会的家庭中形成统一的人生观，从而在Ahmadiyya教义的支持下创造一个幸福和谐的家庭。本研究将检视在日惹的Ahmadiyya Jama'at会众内婚制度，目的是分析规则在家庭和社区范围内的功能。这项研究是一项实地研究，其中还包括定性的现象学社会学方法，使用Maqāṣid al- shari 'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah的理论。本研究的结论是，根据maqāṣid al- shari 'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah, Ahmadiyya Jamaat在家庭维度上的内婚制婚姻可以从以下七个运动空间来理解;第一，维持夫妻关系的模式。第二，维护艾哈迈迪亚社团的存在和纯洁性。第三，维护艾哈迈迪亚社团大家庭的和平与完整。第四，保持家族血统的纯洁性。第五，在家庭环境中保留艾哈迈迪亚社团的意识形态。第六，维护家庭关系的原则和模式。第七，保护家庭经济差距，减少贫困。摘要:Aturan pernikahan yang berupa larangan menikah dengan selain Ahmadiyah (endogami) merupakan peraturan khusus yang diatur dalam sebuah lembaga yang bernama Rishta Nata。土尔兰tersebut berorientasi pada pemeliharaan keluarga agar terbentuk keseragaman pandangan hidup dalam rumah tangga jemaat Ahmadiyah, seingga tercipta keluarga yang harmonis dibawah naungan ajaran Ahmadiyah。Penelitian ini akan mengkaji tentang系统peraturan pernikahan endogami di jemaaahdiyah, tujuannya untuk menganalisa fungsi aturan dalam ruang lingup keluarga dan komunitas jemaat Ahmadiyah di日惹。Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian实地研究yang juga termasuk质量分析和pendekatan现象生理学yang menggunakan teori Maqāṣid al- shari ' ah Jamaluddin Athiyah。[翻译]:我们的翻译是:我们的翻译是:我们的翻译是:我们的翻译是:Pertama, menjaga pola hubungan antar suami-istri。Kedua, melestarikan eksistensi dan kemurnian Jemaat Ahmadiyah。Ketiga, menjaga ketentraman dan keutuhan keluarga Jemaat Ahmadiyah。Keempat, memelihara kemurnian nasab keluarga。克里马是爱沙尼亚的意识形态学家杰马亚·艾哈迈迪·迪·林昆根·克鲁瓦加。Keenam, menjaga prinsip和pola hubungan keluarga。Ketujuh, melindungi kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga serta mengentaskan kemiskinan。
{"title":"Pernikahan Endogami Jemaat Ahmadiyah Yogyakarta Perspektif Maqashid Al-Shari'ah","authors":"Sahrul Hidayatullah","doi":"10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.1-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2022.12.2.1-20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrack : The marriage rule in the form of a prohibition on marrying someone other than Ahmadiyah (endogamy) is a special regulation regulated in an institution called Rishta Nata. The regulation is oriented towards maintaining the family in order to form a uniform view of life in the household of the Ahmadiyah congregation, so as to create a happy family harmony under the auspices of the Ahmadiyya teachings. This study will examine the endogamous marriage regulation system in the Ahmadiyya congregation, the aim is to analyze the function of the rules in the family and community scope of the Ahmadiyya Jama'at in Yogyakarta. This research is a field research which also includes qualitative with a phenomenological-sociological approach that uses the theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. The conclusion of this study is that the Ahmadiyya Jamaat's endogamous marriage in the family dimension according to the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah can be understood from the seven spaces of movement as follows; First, maintain the pattern of relationships between husband and wife. Second, preserving the existence and purity of the Ahmadiyya Community. Third, maintain the peace and integrity of the family of the Ahmadiyya Community. Fourth, maintain the purity of the family lineage. Fifth, preserving the ideology of the Ahmadiyya Community in the family environment. Sixth, maintain the principles and patterns of family relationships. Seventh, protecting family economic disparities and alleviating poverty. \u0000Abstrak : Aturan pernikahan yang berupa larangan menikah dengan selain Ahmadiyah (endogami) merupakan peraturan khusus yang diatur dalam sebuah lembaga yang bernama Rishta Nata. Aturan tersebut berorientasi pada pemeliharaan keluarga agar terbentuk keseragaman pandangan hidup dalam rumah tangga jemaat Ahmadiyah, sehingga tercipta keluarga yang harmonis dibawah naungan ajaran Ahmadiyah. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji tentang sistem peraturan pernikahan endogami di jemaat Ahmadiyah, tujuannya untuk menganalisa fungsi aturan dalam ruang lingkup keluarga dan komunitas Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian field research yang juga termasuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis-sosiologis yang menggunakan teori Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pernikahan endogami Jemaat Ahmadiyah dalam dimensi keluarga menurut maqāṣid al-sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah dapat dipahami dari tujuh ruang gerak sebagai berikut; Pertama, menjaga pola hubungan antar suami-istri. Kedua, melestarikan eksistensi dan kemurnian Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Ketiga, menjaga ketentraman dan keutuhan keluarga Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Keempat, memelihara kemurnian nasab keluarga. Kelima, melestarikan ideologi Jemaat Ahmadiyah di lingkungan keluarga. Keenam, menjaga prinsip dan pola hubungan keluarga. Ketujuh, melindungi kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga serta mengentaskan kemiskinan.","PeriodicalId":245959,"journal":{"name":"AL-HUKAMA'","volume":"72 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120919726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：