PUBLISHING JOURNAL ARTICLES: MEASUREMENTS OF EXCELLENCE AT THE EXPENSE OF EXCELLENCE
发表期刊文章:以牺牲卓越为代价衡量卓越
{"title":"PUBLISHING JOURNAL ARTICLES: MEASUREMENTS OF EXCELLENCE AT THE EXPENSE OF EXCELLENCE","authors":"Girmay Weldedawit","doi":"10.59122/133f179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/133f179","url":null,"abstract":"PUBLISHING JOURNAL ARTICLES: MEASUREMENTS OF EXCELLENCE AT THE EXPENSE OF EXCELLENCE","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132984928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing generation of domestic solid waste coupled with ineffective waste management service is the major challenge facing Arba Minch town. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors that determine effective household solid waste management by assessing the current status of household solid waste management practice of the town. A simple random sampling technique was applied for sample size selection of 137 households. The primary data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and focus group discussion; whereas secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials. The analysis of this study was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings of the study revealed absence of functional communal waste storage materials, shortage of solid waste transportation vehicles, widespread practice of unauthorized dumping and burning, restriction of the door-todoor waste collection service mainly to the center of the town and the areas close to the main roads. The finding also disclosed that the householder’s age, sex, education, income, awareness, willingness to pay, year of stay, household size, and location of the house are the major determining factors of solid waste management at household level. Moreover, institutional factors such as solid waste facilities and equipment, finance, work force, rules and regulations, and accessibility to the private collectors determine the effectiveness of solid waste management among sample households of this study. Generally, household solid waste management of the town is poor and timely measures must be taken. Keywords: Solid Waste, Waste Management, Household Waste, Arba Minch Town
{"title":"FACTORS DETERMINING EFFECTIVE HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ARBA MINCH TOWN: SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA","authors":"Abera Uncha, Afework Wolde","doi":"10.59122/134cc3b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134cc3b","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing generation of domestic solid waste coupled with ineffective waste management service is the major challenge facing Arba Minch town. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors that determine effective household solid waste management by assessing the current status of household solid waste management practice of the town. A simple random sampling technique was applied for sample size selection of 137 households. The primary data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and focus group discussion; whereas secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials. The analysis of this study was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings of the study revealed absence of functional communal waste storage materials, shortage of solid waste transportation vehicles, widespread practice of unauthorized dumping and burning, restriction of the door-todoor waste collection service mainly to the center of the town and the areas close to the main roads. The finding also disclosed that the householder’s age, sex, education, income, awareness, willingness to pay, year of stay, household size, and location of the house are the major determining factors of solid waste management at household level. Moreover, institutional factors such as solid waste facilities and equipment, finance, work force, rules and regulations, and accessibility to the private collectors determine the effectiveness of solid waste management among sample households of this study. Generally, household solid waste management of the town is poor and timely measures must be taken. Keywords: Solid Waste, Waste Management, Household Waste, Arba Minch Town","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was examining the practicality of Alternative Assessment in Ethiopian higher education Amharic Language educational context. The study also, endeavors to seek the challenges (barriers) of Alternative Assessment. In order to achieve the goals of the present study, the researcher used Assessment practices questionnaire and in-depth interview instruments. The data were collected from 35 Amharic Language instructors, teaching at different higher Education institutions. The data were analyzed through the mixed methods. The Quantitative result of both gender and level of profession, the study indicated that the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher education Amharic language context is averagely low. Also, according to Instructors’ viewpoints, the main barriers that hinder the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher Education are, time consuming, inappropriateness to correction and not suitable for grading. The study revealed that in spite of Amharic language instructors’ knowledge of Alternative Assessment and their agreement with Alternative Assessment implementation criteria, they rarely apply it in their Language context. Further researches should reveal why Amharic Language instructors are not interested in implementing Alternative assessment in their Language context. Key Terms: Alternative Assessments; Amharic language educational context; Amharic Language Instructors; Higher Education institutions
{"title":"PRACTICALITY OF ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENTS: FROM AMHARIC LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS’ VIEW POINTS","authors":"Hailay Tesfay","doi":"10.59122/1342ace","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1342ace","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was examining the practicality of Alternative Assessment in Ethiopian higher education Amharic Language educational context. The study also, endeavors to seek the challenges (barriers) of Alternative Assessment. In order to achieve the goals of the present study, the researcher used Assessment practices questionnaire and in-depth interview instruments. The data were collected from 35 Amharic Language instructors, teaching at different higher Education institutions. The data were analyzed through the mixed methods. The Quantitative result of both gender and level of profession, the study indicated that the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher education Amharic language context is averagely low. Also, according to Instructors’ viewpoints, the main barriers that hinder the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher Education are, time consuming, inappropriateness to correction and not suitable for grading. The study revealed that in spite of Amharic language instructors’ knowledge of Alternative Assessment and their agreement with Alternative Assessment implementation criteria, they rarely apply it in their Language context. Further researches should reveal why Amharic Language instructors are not interested in implementing Alternative assessment in their Language context. Key Terms: Alternative Assessments; Amharic language educational context; Amharic Language Instructors; Higher Education institutions","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131184050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulugeta Debele, Bobe Bedadi, Sheleme Beyene, Muktar Mohammed
Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to nourish essential nutrients to the plant. In order to implement appropriate soil fertility management in the area where spatial variability of soil prevails, soil fertility status assessment is vital. Hence, this study was conducted in Muger sub-watershed in Ethiopia’s Northern Oromia to assess and map the spatial variability of soil fertility status. A total of 25 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, grazing and forestland of upper, middle and lower slope positions at a depth of 0-20cm for determination of selected soil physical and chemical properties, and their spatial variability was mapped using ordinary kriging techniques of GIS 10 software. The study indicated that there was significant (p<0.05) differences in the values of sand, silt, soil organic carbon (OC),total nitrogen (TN), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and available sulfur (Av.S) among the different land uses of the area. The study also revealed that soils of the area are predominantly sandy clay loam in texture with moderately acidic (5.565.93) in reaction. Soil organic carbon (OC) was significantly (p<0.05) different across different land uses. The recorded mean values of OC and total nitrogen (TN) were low on cultivated lands but high on grazing and forest lands. Zinc (Zn) content was low on cultivated and grazing lands but high on forest land, indicating that Zn, TN and OC could be the limiting factors for crop growth in the study area. On the contrary, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable calcium (Ca), Exchangeable potassium (K), and extractable iron (Fe) were high in all land uses. However, copper (Cu), percent base saturation (PBS), extractable manganese (Mn), available phosphorous (Av.P) and available sulfur (Av.S) contents were at medium rate for all land uses. The occurrence of exchangeable bases followed Ca>Mg>K>Na trend in their order of dominance. Soil micronutrients ranged from 57.94-78.42, 6.97-12.37, 2.56-4.45and 0.22-1.31mg kg-1 for Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, respectively. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the soils of the cultivated lands were generally low in OC, TN and Zn and medium in Mn and Av. S. Therefore, there is a need for management of soil organic matter and regular application of nitrogen, zinc, phosphorus and sulfur containing mineral fertilizers to the soil in order to replenish the nutrients. Keywords: Land uses; Macronutrients; Micronutrients; Muger sub-watershed; Ordinary Kriging, Soil, Fertility Assessment
{"title":"MAPPING SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF DIFFERENT LAND USE AT MUGER SUBWATERSHED, NORTHERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Mulugeta Debele, Bobe Bedadi, Sheleme Beyene, Muktar Mohammed","doi":"10.59122/1346ea8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1346ea8","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to nourish essential nutrients to the plant. In order to implement appropriate soil fertility management in the area where spatial variability of soil prevails, soil fertility status assessment is vital. Hence, this study was conducted in Muger sub-watershed in Ethiopia’s Northern Oromia to assess and map the spatial variability of soil fertility status. A total of 25 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, grazing and forestland of upper, middle and lower slope positions at a depth of 0-20cm for determination of selected soil physical and chemical properties, and their spatial variability was mapped using ordinary kriging techniques of GIS 10 software. The study indicated that there was significant (p<0.05) differences in the values of sand, silt, soil organic carbon (OC),total nitrogen (TN), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and available sulfur (Av.S) among the different land uses of the area. The study also revealed that soils of the area are predominantly sandy clay loam in texture with moderately acidic (5.565.93) in reaction. Soil organic carbon (OC) was significantly (p<0.05) different across different land uses. The recorded mean values of OC and total nitrogen (TN) were low on cultivated lands but high on grazing and forest lands. Zinc (Zn) content was low on cultivated and grazing lands but high on forest land, indicating that Zn, TN and OC could be the limiting factors for crop growth in the study area. On the contrary, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable calcium (Ca), Exchangeable potassium (K), and extractable iron (Fe) were high in all land uses. However, copper (Cu), percent base saturation (PBS), extractable manganese (Mn), available phosphorous (Av.P) and available sulfur (Av.S) contents were at medium rate for all land uses. The occurrence of exchangeable bases followed Ca>Mg>K>Na trend in their order of dominance. Soil micronutrients ranged from 57.94-78.42, 6.97-12.37, 2.56-4.45and 0.22-1.31mg kg-1 for Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, respectively. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the soils of the cultivated lands were generally low in OC, TN and Zn and medium in Mn and Av. S. Therefore, there is a need for management of soil organic matter and regular application of nitrogen, zinc, phosphorus and sulfur containing mineral fertilizers to the soil in order to replenish the nutrients. Keywords: Land uses; Macronutrients; Micronutrients; Muger sub-watershed; Ordinary Kriging, Soil, Fertility Assessment ","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an attempt to explore the meaning, the changes and continuity on the customary law, ‘woga’ among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia. The article followed the tradition of an ethnographic approach. To explore the customary law, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to explore the meaning, its role and the changes that ‘woga’ is facing. The data is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the literature. The meanings of ‘woga’ given by different social groups are discussed. Some cases were analyzed to show the significances of the customary law in the day-to-day lives of the study group. The data shows that the customary law is playing a significant role in resolving interpersonal, family and inter-group conflicts in a micro and macro level in parallel with the formal institution. The study also identified that the customary law has been facing various changes linked with migration and social evolutions that adversely affects its effectiveness and efficiency. Government should promote its continuity by providing the community conflict resilience through inclusive participation of all social groups and rediscovering elders wisdom. Keywords: changes, continuity, customary law, Indigenous, woga.
{"title":"CUSTOMARY LAW ‘WOGA’: ITS MEANING, CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN THE GAMO CONTEXT","authors":"Zelalem Zewdie","doi":"10.59122/1349921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1349921","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to explore the meaning, the changes and continuity on the customary law, ‘woga’ among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia. The article followed the tradition of an ethnographic approach. To explore the customary law, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to explore the meaning, its role and the changes that ‘woga’ is facing. The data is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the literature. The meanings of ‘woga’ given by different social groups are discussed. Some cases were analyzed to show the significances of the customary law in the day-to-day lives of the study group. The data shows that the customary law is playing a significant role in resolving interpersonal, family and inter-group conflicts in a micro and macro level in parallel with the formal institution. The study also identified that the customary law has been facing various changes linked with migration and social evolutions that adversely affects its effectiveness and efficiency. Government should promote its continuity by providing the community conflict resilience through inclusive participation of all social groups and rediscovering elders wisdom. \u0000Keywords: changes, continuity, customary law, Indigenous, woga.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133269995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was inspired by the aim of showing the nexus between language use and technology. The study has shown this relationship using a linguistic analysis of spelling patterns on some English text messages written via cell phones among the students of Addis Ababa University. A corpus of SMS texts was analyzed using textual analysis. It was found out that the spelling patterns of SMS texts are highly deviant from the conventional writing and rely on the principle of language economy. In most cases, the text messages are written in a way that can save space, time and energy. And this has made them to be vague. Hence, it is an eminent phenomenon that language use is being affected by technology and styles peculiar to this specific domain of language use are being cultivated and developed.
{"title":"LANGUAGE USE AND TECHNOLOGY: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON THE SPELLINGS OF SMS TEXTS AMONG THE STUDENTS OF Addis Ababa UNIVERSITY","authors":"Anteneh Tsegaye","doi":"10.59122/134611d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134611d","url":null,"abstract":"This study was inspired by the aim of showing the nexus between language use and technology. The study has shown this relationship using a linguistic analysis of spelling patterns on some English text messages written via cell phones among the students of Addis Ababa University. A corpus of SMS texts was analyzed using textual analysis. It was found out that the spelling patterns of SMS texts are highly deviant from the conventional writing and rely on the principle of language economy. In most cases, the text messages are written in a way that can save space, time and energy. And this has made them to be vague. Hence, it is an eminent phenomenon that language use is being affected by technology and styles peculiar to this specific domain of language use are being cultivated and developed. ","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132108376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the world of persistent poverty, increasing resource use and climate change, conservation challenges seem overwhelming. The main purpose of this study is to assess Chebera Churchura National park Community Based Ecotourism Potentials, conservation practices and challenges. In this paper we used empirical evidences collected from Chebera Churchura National park as case study. The potentials of the park for Community based ecotourism were assessed by modified Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum model. Beyond its conservation objectives and potential for Ecotourism, its conservation practices were mired by human wild life conflict, insignificant contribution to livelihood diversification, growing interest of exploiting the minerals discovered, low current market potentials, and prioritizing wild life protection instead of the community. Indeed, the potential of the park should be utilized and promoted as a strategy to alleviate poverty, diversify livelihood and safeguard biodiversity.
{"title":"CONSERVATION PRACTICES, COMMUNITY BASED ECOTOURISM POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES OF CHEBERA CHURCHURA NATIONAL PARK, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Derera Ketema, Wagnew Eshetie","doi":"10.59122/1343e63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1343e63","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of persistent poverty, increasing resource use and climate change, conservation challenges seem overwhelming. The main purpose of this study is to assess Chebera Churchura National park Community Based Ecotourism Potentials, conservation practices and challenges. In this paper we used empirical evidences collected from Chebera Churchura National park as case study. The potentials of the park for Community based ecotourism were assessed by modified Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum model. Beyond its conservation objectives and potential for Ecotourism, its conservation practices were mired by human wild life conflict, insignificant contribution to livelihood diversification, growing interest of exploiting the minerals discovered, low current market potentials, and prioritizing wild life protection instead of the community. Indeed, the potential of the park should be utilized and promoted as a strategy to alleviate poverty, diversify livelihood and safeguard biodiversity. ","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132649682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world population is exceeding seven billion at the same time when resource limits and environmental degradation are becoming more apparent every day. This paper analyzes the nexus between population dynamics and forest degradation. The study quantified the effect of human population growth on rates of deforestation using GIS based information taken for 30 years (1985-2015) in Sigmo district, South Western Ethiopia. A mixed approach, comprising of both quantitative and qualitative methods, is used for the study. Descriptive statistical techniques such as frequencies and percentages are employed and presented in tables, graphs, charts, and satellite image maps. Inferential statistics such as, Pearson correlation coefficient are implemented to demonstrate the degree of association between the dependent (forest area and farmland size) and independent variables (population growth). The findings of the study revealed that the population of the study area has grown very rapidly (2.9% /year). The rapidly growing population adversely impacted the forest resource of the area in a way of agricultural land expansion, fuel wood consumption, settlement expansion, timber harvest for construction and commercial logging. Thus, between 1985 and 2015, forest cover of the study area got reduced nearly by half (48.8%) while farm lands expanded by about 124%. These, in turn, have resulted in soil erosion and loss of soil fertility, depletion of biodiversity, interruption of water flows, and the spread of desertification
{"title":"PATTERNS OF CHANGE IN POPULATION, FARMLAND SIZE AND FOREST COVER IN SIGMO DISTRICT OF OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Getu Lemma, Yechale Kebede, Zenabu Alena","doi":"10.59122/134180d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134180d","url":null,"abstract":"The world population is exceeding seven billion at the same time when resource limits and environmental degradation are becoming more apparent every day. This paper analyzes the nexus between population dynamics and forest degradation. The study quantified the effect of human population growth on rates of deforestation using GIS based information taken for 30 years (1985-2015) in Sigmo district, South Western Ethiopia. A mixed approach, comprising of both quantitative and qualitative methods, is used for the study. Descriptive statistical techniques such as frequencies and percentages are employed and presented in tables, graphs, charts, and satellite image maps. Inferential statistics such as, Pearson correlation coefficient are implemented to demonstrate the degree of association between the dependent (forest area and farmland size) and independent variables (population growth). The findings of the study revealed that the population of the study area has grown very rapidly (2.9% /year). The rapidly growing population adversely impacted the forest resource of the area in a way of agricultural land expansion, fuel wood consumption, settlement expansion, timber harvest for construction and commercial logging. Thus, between 1985 and 2015, forest cover of the study area got reduced nearly by half (48.8%) while farm lands expanded by about 124%. These, in turn, have resulted in soil erosion and loss of soil fertility, depletion of biodiversity, interruption of water flows, and the spread of desertification","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129818738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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