The development of the agricultural sector in Ethiopia in general and in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia in particular, is thought to depend on agricultural intensification. To this end, several governmental and non-governmental organizations initiated small-scale irrigation projects all over the nation, including in Southern Ethiopia. Despite these efforts, it is found that smallholder farmers in the study area are reticent to participate in small-scale irrigation schemes. Therefore, the present study is aimed at investigating factors affecting rural households’ participation in a small-scale irrigation scheme in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Accordingly, the study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to collect primary data from 379 sample households. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The study identified the major problems associated with small-scale irrigation in thestudy area. Among others, lack of sufficient irrigation water, lack of effective marketing system, lack of input supply and irrigation facilities, presence of pests and diseases, and lack of awareness about irrigation are mentionable for low participation in the scheme in the study area. The econometric model result revealed that the age of the household head and dependency ration has a statistically significant negative effect on rural households’ participation in small-scale irrigation while education, adult equivalence, livestock holding, and land size have a positive and statistically significant effect on the variable of interest. Therefore, providing education services for rural households, arranging field training services and experience sharing to farmers is advisable to alleviate these problems and improve small-scale irrigation utilization in the study area. Keywords: Small-Scale Irrigation; Smallholder farmer; Binary logit model
{"title":"Factors Affecting Rural Households’ Participation in Small - Scale Irrigation Scheme: The case of Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"A. Abadi, Tora Abebe Duka, Mesfin Menza Mamo","doi":"10.59122/13502b4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13502b4","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the agricultural sector in Ethiopia in general and in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia in particular, is thought to depend on agricultural intensification. To this end, several governmental and non-governmental organizations initiated small-scale irrigation projects all over the nation, including in Southern Ethiopia. Despite these efforts, it is found that smallholder farmers in the study area are reticent to participate in small-scale irrigation schemes. Therefore, the present study is aimed at investigating factors affecting rural households’ participation in a small-scale irrigation scheme in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Accordingly, the study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to collect primary data from 379 sample households. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The study identified the major problems associated with small-scale irrigation in thestudy area. Among others, lack of sufficient irrigation water, lack of effective marketing system, lack of input supply and irrigation facilities, presence of pests and diseases, and lack of awareness about irrigation are mentionable for low participation in the scheme in the study area. The econometric model result revealed that the age of the household head and dependency ration has a statistically significant negative effect on rural households’ participation in small-scale irrigation while education, adult equivalence, livestock holding, and land size have a positive and statistically significant effect on the variable of interest. Therefore, providing education services for rural households, arranging field training services and experience sharing to farmers is advisable to alleviate these problems and improve small-scale irrigation utilization in the study area. Keywords: Small-Scale Irrigation; Smallholder farmer; Binary logit model","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corona virus pandemic has influenced the production and marketing of fruits by smallholder farmers of ArbaMinch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. This study was aimed at analyzing corona virus pandemic-induced economic cost/loss through fruit products and their impacts on the lives of households. Data were gathered through a questionnaire from 190 households who were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was also collected through interviews. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, and inferential statistics like correlation and analysis of variance were employed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and excel. The average economic cost found through fruit products of smallholder farmers has been estimated at 29.8 quintal or ETB 28,724.8 (US$ 844.8) due to the impact of the pandemic in three-four months. However, the average economic loss from March-June, 2020) was higher for farmers with larger farm-size and family-size, and higher annual fruit harvest that was also higher for male-headed HH (ETB 30,354.8/US$ 892.8) than the female-headed ones (ETB 22,155.3/US$ 651.6). Decline/loss of income, the difficulty of satisfying food needs, failure to afford farm inputs, and social costs were the main impact of the pandemic on fruit marketing. The corona virus pandemic led to economic costs through fruits of smallholder farmers mainly due to price-fall, lack of market options, and the perishable nature of fruits underlain by the containment measures of the government. Thus, concerned bodies should explore the untapped local and distant markets, and the government (with a feasibility study) should work for options (e.g., small-scale fruit-packing) by which value is added for the products locally.
冠状病毒大流行影响了埃塞俄比亚南部ArbaMinch Zuria Woreda小农的水果生产和销售。本研究旨在分析冠状病毒大流行导致的水果产品经济成本/损失及其对家庭生活的影响。采用系统随机抽样的方法，对190户家庭进行问卷调查。数据也通过访谈收集。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences和excel软件对数据进行描述性统计，如百分比、均值等，以及相关性、方差分析等推断性统计。由于大流行在三四个月内的影响，通过小农水果产品发现的平均经济成本估计为29.8 quintal或28,724.8 ETB(844.8美元)。然而，2020年3月至6月，农场规模和家庭规模较大的农户的平均经济损失更高，男性户主的年水果收获量(30,354.8美元/ 892.8美元)也高于女性户主(22,155.3美元/ 651.6美元)。收入下降/损失、难以满足粮食需求、无法负担农业投入以及社会成本是疫情对水果销售的主要影响。由于价格下跌、缺乏市场选择以及政府采取的遏制措施导致水果易腐烂，冠状病毒大流行导致小农的水果损失了经济成本。因此，有关机构应探索尚未开发的当地和遥远的市场，政府(有可行性研究)应努力寻找可为当地产品增加价值的选择(例如，小规模水果包装)。
{"title":"Coronavirus Pandemic Induced Economic Cost through Fruit Products of Smallholder Farmers of Arba-Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abren Gelaw, Getu Lemma, Mulugeta Debele, Asrat Haile","doi":"10.59122/13451e2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13451e2","url":null,"abstract":"The corona virus pandemic has influenced the production and marketing of fruits by smallholder farmers of ArbaMinch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. This study was aimed at analyzing corona virus pandemic-induced economic cost/loss through fruit products and their impacts on the lives of households. Data were gathered through a questionnaire from 190 households who were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was also collected through interviews. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, and inferential statistics like correlation and analysis of variance were employed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and excel. The average economic cost found through fruit products of smallholder farmers has been estimated at 29.8 quintal or ETB 28,724.8 (US$ 844.8) due to the impact of the pandemic in three-four months. However, the average economic loss from March-June, 2020) was higher for farmers with larger farm-size and family-size, and higher annual fruit harvest that was also higher for male-headed HH (ETB 30,354.8/US$ 892.8) than the female-headed ones (ETB 22,155.3/US$ 651.6). Decline/loss of income, the difficulty of satisfying food needs, failure to afford farm inputs, and social costs were the main impact of the pandemic on fruit marketing. The corona virus pandemic led to economic costs through fruits of smallholder farmers mainly due to price-fall, lack of market options, and the perishable nature of fruits underlain by the containment measures of the government. Thus, concerned bodies should explore the untapped local and distant markets, and the government (with a feasibility study) should work for options (e.g., small-scale fruit-packing) by which value is added for the products locally.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116806174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates the impact of participation in microfinance institutions on the livelihood of rural households. The study was conducted in Oromia credit and saving share company in North Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study includes 392 sample respondents from different Woredas. The required data was gathered using questionnaires and interviews. The logit model was used to estimate the determinants of participation in the Oromia credit and saving Share Company. The logistic regression result shows that the age of household head, family size, land size, distance, market access, perception of mandatory deposit, and evaluation of first-round loan size are significant factors that affect participation in OCSSCO. The PSM model was used to investigate the impact of participation in OCSSCO on livelihood variables. According to the ATT result, OCSSCO participants had higher average monthly income, average monthly savings, total commodity asset value, total crop production value, average monthly food expenditure, average monthly education expenditure, and average monthly health expenditure than non-treated households. Thus, rural households should participate in OCSSCO to solve their financial problem. The concerned body should work more for the expansion of OCSSCO.
{"title":"The Impact of Microfinance Institutions on the Livelihood of Rural Households: The Case of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company in North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Ayenew, D. Bekele, Seada Tilahun Ahmed","doi":"10.59122/13595a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13595a8","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the impact of participation in microfinance institutions on the livelihood of rural households. The study was conducted in Oromia credit and saving share company in North Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study includes 392 sample respondents from different Woredas. The required data was gathered using questionnaires and interviews. The logit model was used to estimate the determinants of participation in the Oromia credit and saving Share Company. The logistic regression result shows that the age of household head, family size, land size, distance, market access, perception of mandatory deposit, and evaluation of first-round loan size are significant factors that affect participation in OCSSCO. The PSM model was used to investigate the impact of participation in OCSSCO on livelihood variables. According to the ATT result, OCSSCO participants had higher average monthly income, average monthly savings, total commodity asset value, total crop production value, average monthly food expenditure, average monthly education expenditure, and average monthly health expenditure than non-treated households. Thus, rural households should participate in OCSSCO to solve their financial problem. The concerned body should work more for the expansion of OCSSCO. ","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129835102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crop production value of nature has to be boldly appreciated in Ethiopia where agriculture is the main livelihood source of most people. However, studies aimed at estimating cropland services were rare in Ethiopia and Hare Catchment. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the crop production value of the nature of smallholder farmers of Hare Catchment, Southern Ethiopia. The study applied a quantitative approach and survey design. Data was collected using a questionnaire of 465 households (identified via systematic random sampling) and interviews. Mean, t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression were used for data analyses. The average net crop production value of nature in the lower, middle and the upper catchment of Hare was US$ 907.3, 455.1, and US$ 512.3 per household/year, respectively. The average production (20.4 quintals) and gross value (US$ 704.8) per/household/year of Hare catchment revealed significant variation among households based on the difference in gender, farm size, labor, and fertilizer used for farming at a 99% confidence level. 78.2% of the crop production variation among farmers was significantly predicted by farm size, labor, seedling, fertilizer, and seed used for farming. The average annual net crop harvest value (US$ 643) of nature was 91.2% of the average revenue (US$ 704.8) from cropland products of Hare. While farm size was the strongest predictor of crop production variation in the lower Hare, labor was the strongest predictor of its variation in the middle and the upper catchment. Thus, government bodies and farmers should take integrated actions to tackle the yield bottle-necks of croplands in Hare Catchment, Southern Ethiopia.
{"title":"Valuation of Cropland Ecosystem Products of Smallholder Farm Households in Hare River Catchment, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abren Gelaw","doi":"10.59122/1342b48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1342b48","url":null,"abstract":"The crop production value of nature has to be boldly appreciated in Ethiopia where agriculture is the main livelihood source of most people. However, studies aimed at estimating cropland services were rare in Ethiopia and Hare Catchment. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the crop production value of the nature of smallholder farmers of Hare Catchment, Southern Ethiopia. The study applied a quantitative approach and survey design. Data was collected using a questionnaire of 465 households (identified via systematic random sampling) and interviews. Mean, t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression were used for data analyses. The average net crop production value of nature in the lower, middle and the upper catchment of Hare was US$ 907.3, 455.1, and US$ 512.3 per household/year, respectively. The average production (20.4 quintals) and gross value (US$ 704.8) per/household/year of Hare catchment revealed significant variation among households based on the difference in gender, farm size, labor, and fertilizer used for farming at a 99% confidence level. 78.2% of the crop production variation among farmers was significantly predicted by farm size, labor, seedling, fertilizer, and seed used for farming. The average annual net crop harvest value (US$ 643) of nature was 91.2% of the average revenue (US$ 704.8) from cropland products of Hare. While farm size was the strongest predictor of crop production variation in the lower Hare, labor was the strongest predictor of its variation in the middle and the upper catchment. Thus, government bodies and farmers should take integrated actions to tackle the yield bottle-necks of croplands in Hare Catchment, Southern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129984269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on the themes of alienation in three fictional works of Dinaw Mengestu; “The BeautifulThings that Heaven Bears” (2007), “How to Read the Air” (2010), and “All Our Names” (2014). This research aims to investigate specifically the causes of powerlessness, meaninglessness, and normlessness forms of alienation enumerated by extracting the fundamental concern that human being faces in the course of immigration. This study deals with the major concerns and matters of the immigrants’ causes and reactions to alienation regardless of the reasons for their exodus. The main reason for focusing on the concept of alienation in the selected novels is that this area of literary theme has not been given enough attention to be studied comprehensively in the context of African (Ethiopians) immigrants’ life. Besides, no other Ethiopian literary work has portrayed on these themes of meaninglessness, normlessness, and powerlessness better than the selected three novels that have dealt with the pain and sufferings of alienation in their lives. This study tried to explore the immigrants ‘sense of alienation in the hosting country and in the process of immigration, where life as an immigrant was unbearable, forcing them to try the process of economic. An attempt was made to explore the multiple dimensions of alienation and the alienating factors based on Melvin Seeman’s aspects of alienation: powerlessness, normlessness, and meaninglessness. The selected three literary immigrant novels reveal the feelings of alienation as a central thematic preoccupation. The researcher used textual analysis to explore the selected literary works and captured the portrayal of alienation of the African immigrants which allows the understanding, process, and witnessing of human suffering.
{"title":"The portraits of Powerlessness, Meaninglessness and Normlessness as Reflected in Dinaw Mengestu’s Trilogy","authors":"Tsegaberhan Wodaj","doi":"10.59122/134ee86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134ee86","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the themes of alienation in three fictional works of Dinaw Mengestu; “The BeautifulThings that Heaven Bears” (2007), “How to Read the Air” (2010), and “All Our Names” (2014). This research aims to investigate specifically the causes of powerlessness, meaninglessness, and normlessness forms of alienation enumerated by extracting the fundamental concern that human being faces in the course of immigration. This study deals with the major concerns and matters of the immigrants’ causes and reactions to alienation regardless of the reasons for their exodus. The main reason for focusing on the concept of alienation in the selected novels is that this area of literary theme has not been given enough attention to be studied comprehensively in the context of African (Ethiopians) immigrants’ life. Besides, no other Ethiopian literary work has portrayed on these themes of meaninglessness, normlessness, and powerlessness better than the selected three novels that have dealt with the pain and sufferings of alienation in their lives. This study tried to explore the immigrants ‘sense of alienation in the hosting country and in the process of immigration, where life as an immigrant was unbearable, forcing them to try the process of economic. An attempt was made to explore the multiple dimensions of alienation and the alienating factors based on Melvin Seeman’s aspects of alienation: powerlessness, normlessness, and meaninglessness. The selected three literary immigrant novels reveal the feelings of alienation as a central thematic preoccupation. The researcher used textual analysis to explore the selected literary works and captured the portrayal of alienation of the African immigrants which allows the understanding, process, and witnessing of human suffering.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Demissie, Getu Lemma Shewangizaw, Asamenaw Deres Gashaw
Education is one of the areas affected by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the globe. This study, therefore, aimed to explore students’ home study habits and their parents’ involvement in schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. To trace the home study habits of the students and their parents' involvement, a concurrent mixedmethod design was adopted. We selected 192 students and parents for a questionnaire survey through a systematic random sampling technique. Besides, we employed a purposive sampling technique to select five parents and five students for interviews. We analyzed quantitative data using mean scores, MANOVA, ANOVA, Games-Howell post hoc analysis, and simple linear regression. In contrast, we analyzed the interview data using a narrative description. The mixed results showed that the student's home study habits and the level of parents’ involvement in theirteens’ home learning fall within poor to moderate levels. Based on the results, we forwarded recommendations as well.
{"title":"Secondary School Students’ Home Study Habits and Parents’ Involvement during Covid-19 Pandemic School Closure: Implications for Configuring Resilient Education","authors":"A. Demissie, Getu Lemma Shewangizaw, Asamenaw Deres Gashaw","doi":"10.59122/1351af2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1351af2","url":null,"abstract":"Education is one of the areas affected by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the globe. This study, therefore, aimed to explore students’ home study habits and their parents’ involvement in schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. To trace the home study habits of the students and their parents' involvement, a concurrent mixedmethod design was adopted. We selected 192 students and parents for a questionnaire survey through a systematic random sampling technique. Besides, we employed a purposive sampling technique to select five parents and five students for interviews. We analyzed quantitative data using mean scores, MANOVA, ANOVA, Games-Howell post hoc analysis, and simple linear regression. In contrast, we analyzed the interview data using a narrative description. The mixed results showed that the student's home study habits and the level of parents’ involvement in theirteens’ home learning fall within poor to moderate levels. Based on the results, we forwarded recommendations as well.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126149755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching with widely accessed social media network tools like Facebook can positively contribute to students’ writing performance and quality of writing. However, teachers usually disregard Facebook because they doubt if it can be used as a platform for education. Therefore, this nested experimental design study investigated the effect of a Facebook writing group on students’ paragraph writing performance and the quality of paragraph writing. In order to achieve these, the researchers used randomly selected grade 11 students who were then randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught paragraph writing in their Facebook writing group, whereas the control group was taught paragraph writing in a face-to-face (conventional classroom) situation. The researchers used pre-test and post-test to understand the effects of Facebook on students writing performance. An Independent sample T-test of the pre-test was used to check the equivalence between the experimental and control groups at the pre-intervention stage. Since the inferential statistical values for the pre-test mean of the control and the experimental groups were (t (.430), df=22, p=.671) at 0.05 level of significance, the groups were considered similar. The researchers used the same statistical test on the post-test to examine the impact of the treatment (the intervention). The study finding revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the groups in favor of the experimental group as the inferential statistical values for the post-test mean difference between the groups were (t (3.442), df=22, p=.0.002) at 0.05 level of significance. The researchers attributed this considerable result to the effectiveness of using Facebook for paragraph writing. However, the qualitative analysis of 14 paragraphs of the Facebook writing group showed that the quality of the paragraphs was not to the standard. As a result, teachers should equally consider the quality of students’ writing in addition to the improvement in their performances when using Facebook writing groups for teaching writing. Coursebook writers should also include writing tasks involving technological tools like Facebook at least as extension activities to the classroom writing with adequate exercises on punctuation, spelling, grammar, capitalization, and organization.
{"title":"The Effect of Facebook Writing Group on Ethiopian Secondary School Students’ Writing Performance and Quality of Paragraphs","authors":"Tesfaye Habtemariam Gezahegn, Kassech Beyene","doi":"10.59122/13454c9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13454c9","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching with widely accessed social media network tools like Facebook can positively contribute to students’ writing performance and quality of writing. However, teachers usually disregard Facebook because they doubt if it can be used as a platform for education. Therefore, this nested experimental design study investigated the effect of a Facebook writing group on students’ paragraph writing performance and the quality of paragraph writing. In order to achieve these, the researchers used randomly selected grade 11 students who were then randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught paragraph writing in their Facebook writing group, whereas the control group was taught paragraph writing in a face-to-face (conventional classroom) situation. The researchers used pre-test and post-test to understand the effects of Facebook on students writing performance. An Independent sample T-test of the pre-test was used to check the equivalence between the experimental and control groups at the pre-intervention stage. Since the inferential statistical values for the pre-test mean of the control and the experimental groups were (t (.430), df=22, p=.671) at 0.05 level of significance, the groups were considered similar. The researchers used the same statistical test on the post-test to examine the impact of the treatment (the intervention). The study finding revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the groups in favor of the experimental group as the inferential statistical values for the post-test mean difference between the groups were (t (3.442), df=22, p=.0.002) at 0.05 level of significance. The researchers attributed this considerable result to the effectiveness of using Facebook for paragraph writing. However, the qualitative analysis of 14 paragraphs of the Facebook writing group showed that the quality of the paragraphs was not to the standard. As a result, teachers should equally consider the quality of students’ writing in addition to the improvement in their performances when using Facebook writing groups for teaching writing. Coursebook writers should also include writing tasks involving technological tools like Facebook at least as extension activities to the classroom writing with adequate exercises on punctuation, spelling, grammar, capitalization, and organization.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120907964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although wetlands in Ethiopia provide multiple ecosystem services, they are extremely affected because of human pressure and limited policy attention. We aimed this study at analyzing the ecological services and drivers of the degradation of the Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland. We gathered data using a questionnaire survey of 304 HH (selected via systematic sampling), interviews, and satellite images. Normalized difference vegetation, water, and turbidity indices were used for satellite image interpretation via ArcGIS. Mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression were used for data analyses. Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland offers fish, timber, firewood, fodder, irrigation, farmland, rainfall, habitat, tourism, aesthetics, recreation, carbon sink, air quality, and climate control services. The area showed siltation-led raising turbidity and a loss of 48.9% of its swamp area from 1990 to 2019. Farm expansion, siltation, irrigation, invasive plants, open access and overuse of resources, lack of legal framework, and rapid population growth were the main drivers of wetland degradation. Land degradation is anticipated adjacent to the lake-wetland in the next few decades because of irrigation. Invasive plants result in dwindling aquatic resources, economic, and tour benefits, and changes in local climate depleting water, and the dissolved O2 and CO2 sink capacity of the lake-wetland rapidly. Thus, thegovernment should plan a clear policy and legal framework for the sustainable management of wetlands.
{"title":"Impacts of Land Use/Land cover change on wetland Ecosystem Services of Lakes Abaya-Chamo Wetland","authors":"Tariku Zekarias, Vanum Govindu, Yechale Kebede, Abren Gelaw","doi":"10.59122/1354853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1354853","url":null,"abstract":"Although wetlands in Ethiopia provide multiple ecosystem services, they are extremely affected because of human pressure and limited policy attention. We aimed this study at analyzing the ecological services and drivers of the degradation of the Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland. We gathered data using a questionnaire survey of 304 HH (selected via systematic sampling), interviews, and satellite images. Normalized difference vegetation, water, and turbidity indices were used for satellite image interpretation via ArcGIS. Mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression were used for data analyses. Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland offers fish, timber, firewood, fodder, irrigation, farmland, rainfall, habitat, tourism, aesthetics, recreation, carbon sink, air quality, and climate control services. The area showed siltation-led raising turbidity and a loss of 48.9% of its swamp area from 1990 to 2019. Farm expansion, siltation, irrigation, invasive plants, open access and overuse of resources, lack of legal framework, and rapid population growth were the main drivers of wetland degradation. Land degradation is anticipated adjacent to the lake-wetland in the next few decades because of irrigation. Invasive plants result in dwindling aquatic resources, economic, and tour benefits, and changes in local climate depleting water, and the dissolved O2 and CO2 sink capacity of the lake-wetland rapidly. Thus, thegovernment should plan a clear policy and legal framework for the sustainable management of wetlands.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134139990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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