Now a day every classroom is composed of multi-level students in terms of language proficiency level. To this effect, this study examined secondary school English language teachers' perceived multi-grade teaching strategies. An analytical survey research design was adopted as the nature of the study was hypothesis testing. 65 EFL teachers were selected from five secondary schools in the Gamo Zone through a systematic random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the teachers on their perceived multi-grade teaching strategies. A one-sample t-test, a one-way ANOVA test, and Tukey post hoc analysis were used to analyze the data. The study concluded that the English language teachers have had an above-middling understanding of multi-grade teaching strategy in general although their perceptions varied differentially across the subscales. Based on the findings, the local education bureau has been recommended to organize an intervention to build the teachers’ multi-grade pedagogical capacity to address all students.
Keywords: language proficiency level, multi-grade, multi-grade teaching strategies, perception
{"title":"Secondary School English Language Teachers' Perceptions of Multi-grade Teaching Strategies","authors":"Abate Demissie Gedamu","doi":"10.59122/134f538r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f538r","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day every classroom is composed of multi-level students in terms of language proficiency level. To this effect, this study examined secondary school English language teachers' perceived multi-grade teaching strategies. An analytical survey research design was adopted as the nature of the study was hypothesis testing. 65 EFL teachers were selected from five secondary schools in the Gamo Zone through a systematic random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the teachers on their perceived multi-grade teaching strategies. A one-sample t-test, a one-way ANOVA test, and Tukey post hoc analysis were used to analyze the data. The study concluded that the English language teachers have had an above-middling understanding of multi-grade teaching strategy in general although their perceptions varied differentially across the subscales. Based on the findings, the local education bureau has been recommended to organize an intervention to build the teachers’ multi-grade pedagogical capacity to address all students.
 Keywords: language proficiency level, multi-grade, multi-grade teaching strategies, perception","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136095237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concurrent issue in the world. It is the integration of social, economic and environmental aspects in business operations. The main aim of the investigation was to examine the effect of CSR practice on financial performance of large manufacturing firms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In the study, to measure CSR, the dimensions such as, employee, customer, supplier, community, government and environmental-related practices of firms were used. Financial performance of large manufacturing firms was measured using ROA. Additionally, firm size was employed as a control variable to clearly understand the effect of CSR on ROA. The research was utilized explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. The data obtained from 81 large manufacturing companies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Stratified sampling method was applied to select the sample form 102 large manufacturing firms. Questionnaire and document analysis of audited financial statements served as data collection instruments. The study used multiple regression analysis model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) parameters estimator. Based on the regression result, employee, community and government related CSR practice and firm size positively and significantly affect ROA. Suppliers’ related CSR practice has negative relationships and significant effect on ROA. Customers and environment related CSR activities have an insignificant effect on ROA. In general, large manufacturing firms are recommended to apply CSR initiatives to increase their productivity.
Key Words: CSR, Financial Performance, ROA, Large Manufacturing Firms
{"title":"The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Robel Bogale Legesse, None Wondwossen Jerene","doi":"10.59122/134f53rr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f53rr","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract
 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concurrent issue in the world. It is the integration of social, economic and environmental aspects in business operations. The main aim of the investigation was to examine the effect of CSR practice on financial performance of large manufacturing firms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In the study, to measure CSR, the dimensions such as, employee, customer, supplier, community, government and environmental-related practices of firms were used. Financial performance of large manufacturing firms was measured using ROA. Additionally, firm size was employed as a control variable to clearly understand the effect of CSR on ROA. The research was utilized explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. The data obtained from 81 large manufacturing companies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Stratified sampling method was applied to select the sample form 102 large manufacturing firms. Questionnaire and document analysis of audited financial statements served as data collection instruments. The study used multiple regression analysis model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) parameters estimator. Based on the regression result, employee, community and government related CSR practice and firm size positively and significantly affect ROA. Suppliers’ related CSR practice has negative relationships and significant effect on ROA. Customers and environment related CSR activities have an insignificant effect on ROA. In general, large manufacturing firms are recommended to apply CSR initiatives to increase their productivity.
 Key Words: CSR, Financial Performance, ROA, Large Manufacturing Firms","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this modern world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an effective teaching tool. To effectively incorporate technology into the curriculum, teachers need to have the necessary skills, a positive attitude towards technology, and an understanding of how to integrate it into their teaching. This study, thus, aimed to investigate the pre-service teachers' attitudes towards ICT use for teaching, scrutinize their ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs, and examine the association between the teachers' attitude towards ICT use and ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs. A descriptive survey design was adopted to guide the research process and achieve the objectives of study. Data was collected through a 5 Point-Likert scale questionnaire from eighty-nine pre-service teachers at Arba Minch University. A one-sample t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation statistics were employed for data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the pre-service teachers had a favorable attitude to ICT use and low to moderate ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs.
Keywords: Attitude to ICT use, ICT integration, pre-service teachers, self-efficacy beliefs
{"title":"Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes Toward ICT Use and ICT Integration Self-efficacy Beliefs","authors":"Petros Bekele Eshete","doi":"10.59122/134f53pv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f53pv","url":null,"abstract":"In this modern world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an effective teaching tool. To effectively incorporate technology into the curriculum, teachers need to have the necessary skills, a positive attitude towards technology, and an understanding of how to integrate it into their teaching. This study, thus, aimed to investigate the pre-service teachers' attitudes towards ICT use for teaching, scrutinize their ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs, and examine the association between the teachers' attitude towards ICT use and ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs. A descriptive survey design was adopted to guide the research process and achieve the objectives of study. Data was collected through a 5 Point-Likert scale questionnaire from eighty-nine pre-service teachers at Arba Minch University. A one-sample t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation statistics were employed for data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the pre-service teachers had a favorable attitude to ICT use and low to moderate ICT integration self-efficacy beliefs.
 Keywords: Attitude to ICT use, ICT integration, pre-service teachers, self-efficacy beliefs","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism is becoming an increasingly important source of revenue and employment for both emerging and wealthy countries. It has long been considered one of the key components of the strategy for economic development. Despite extensive research in the field of tourism, studies on the contribution of tourism to households’ income have been limited. Hence, this study investigated tourism and its contribution to households’ income and examined the factors affecting the tourism income of households using the descriptive and Tobit regression models, respectively. A cross-sectional data set was collected from 192 randomly selected households using interviews and focused group discussions. The study revealed that the contribution of tourism to household income is low—only 3.87 percent. The study also pinpointed cultural landscapes, arts, and cultural music as the main tourist destinations. The Tobit model estimation result revealed that the age of the household head, family size of the household, and access to credit have a strong positive effect on household tourism income, whereas land size is negatively correlated with household tourism income. Finally, the study revealed that limited access to financing, lack of preservation and protection of heritage, lack of museums, lack of service and facilities, lack of effective marketing, internal conflict, and inadequate development and implementation of strategies were the major challenging factors that affect the tourism industry. Hence, promotion, expanding employment opportunities, access to formal credit, preserving potential heritages, and adequate development and implementation of strategies were recommended to improve the tourism industry in the study area. Keywords: Tourism; Tourism income; Konso; Standard Tobit
{"title":"TOURISM AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSEHOLDS’ INCOME IN KONSO ZONE, SNNP REGION, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Kayranto Kasho, None Taye Dadi, None Melkamu Mada, None Asfaw Abadi","doi":"10.59122/134f53ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f53ad","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is becoming an increasingly important source of revenue and employment for both emerging and wealthy countries. It has long been considered one of the key components of the strategy for economic development. Despite extensive research in the field of tourism, studies on the contribution of tourism to households’ income have been limited. Hence, this study investigated tourism and its contribution to households’ income and examined the factors affecting the tourism income of households using the descriptive and Tobit regression models, respectively. A cross-sectional data set was collected from 192 randomly selected households using interviews and focused group discussions. The study revealed that the contribution of tourism to household income is low—only 3.87 percent. The study also pinpointed cultural landscapes, arts, and cultural music as the main tourist destinations. The Tobit model estimation result revealed that the age of the household head, family size of the household, and access to credit have a strong positive effect on household tourism income, whereas land size is negatively correlated with household tourism income. Finally, the study revealed that limited access to financing, lack of preservation and protection of heritage, lack of museums, lack of service and facilities, lack of effective marketing, internal conflict, and inadequate development and implementation of strategies were the major challenging factors that affect the tourism industry. Hence, promotion, expanding employment opportunities, access to formal credit, preserving potential heritages, and adequate development and implementation of strategies were recommended to improve the tourism industry in the study area. Keywords: Tourism; Tourism income; Konso; Standard Tobit","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aimed to validate a questionnaire intended to measure secondary school teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment in selected secondary schools in SNNPRS, Ethiopia. To this effect, five experts were selected to rate the content and face validity of the tool. To rate the questionnaire for construct validity, 213 randomly selected secondary school teachers were involved. The validation procedures made use of face validity index, Item Content Validity Index (I-CVIs) and Content Validity Index for scale (S-CVI/Ave), principal component analysis (PCA), and Cronbach alpha. The final questionnaire, which consisted of 31 items, has been found psychometrically valid and reliable to measure teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment.
{"title":"Validation of Questionnaire on Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices of Cooperative Group Work Assessment","authors":"Abate Demissie Gedamu, Getu Lemma Shewangizaw","doi":"10.59122/134f53a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f53a","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed to validate a questionnaire intended to measure secondary school teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment in selected secondary schools in SNNPRS, Ethiopia. To this effect, five experts were selected to rate the content and face validity of the tool. To rate the questionnaire for construct validity, 213 randomly selected secondary school teachers were involved. The validation procedures made use of face validity index, Item Content Validity Index (I-CVIs) and Content Validity Index for scale (S-CVI/Ave), principal component analysis (PCA), and Cronbach alpha. The final questionnaire, which consisted of 31 items, has been found psychometrically valid and reliable to measure teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment.","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135287476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate if the link between complete leadership behaviors and leadership outcomes provides new insight to advance academic leadership preparation in Ethiopia’s public universities. The cross-sectional survey research design was preferred to administer the data collection process. Using the sample size determination technique, the investigator randomly selected 450 sample units, of which the properly filled and returned were 401 (89%). Subsequently, the study employed stepwise regression analysis to investigate the best subsets of academic leadership behaviors that account to improve leadership outcomes. As result, intellectual stimulation, contingent reward, inspirational motivation, building a learning environment, idealized influence-attributions, laissez-faire, and idealized influence-behaviors were the best subsets of leadership sub-behaviors, which significantly account (R2=69.4%) to improve leadership outcomes. Thus, the complement of full-scale instructional leadership and full range leadership sub-behaviors are constituting a complete academic leadership development model, which advances academic leadership preparation in university terrain. Keywords: Modeling; Academic Leadership; Leadership Behaviors; Leadership Development; Leadership Outcome
{"title":"MODELING ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT: LINKING COMPLETE ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS TO LEADERSHIP OUTCOMES","authors":"Girma Mekuria","doi":"10.59122/134f5bf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f5bf","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate if the link between complete leadership behaviors and leadership outcomes provides new insight to advance academic leadership preparation in Ethiopia’s public universities. The cross-sectional survey research design was preferred to administer the data collection process. Using the sample size determination technique, the investigator randomly selected 450 sample units, of which the properly filled and returned were 401 (89%). Subsequently, the study employed stepwise regression analysis to investigate the best subsets of academic leadership behaviors that account to improve leadership outcomes. As result, intellectual stimulation, contingent reward, inspirational motivation, building a learning environment, idealized influence-attributions, laissez-faire, and idealized influence-behaviors were the best subsets of leadership sub-behaviors, which significantly account (R2=69.4%) to improve leadership outcomes. Thus, the complement of full-scale instructional leadership and full range leadership sub-behaviors are constituting a complete academic leadership development model, which advances academic leadership preparation in university terrain. Keywords: Modeling; Academic Leadership; Leadership Behaviors; Leadership Development; Leadership Outcome","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to assess the level of practices and determine institutional factors affecting gender mainstreaming practices (GMSP) in Basketo Special Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The study adopted a mixed research approach. Quantitative data are collected through crosssectional descriptive survey with the help of structured questionnaire, whereas interview and focus group discussion are used to collect qualitative data. A total of 119 respondents participated in the study. A sample of 16 respondents are used for 2 FGDs each comprising 8 participants. Six leaders from different government offices are interviewed, and 1 proper person from SNNPRs Women, Youth and Children Affairs Bureau is also interviewed. Furthermore, 96 randomly selected officers from government institutions of Basketo Special Woreda filled the structured questionnaire. Quantitative data are presented and analyzed by using STATA version 14 software. OLRA is employed to determine the significant factors affecting GMSP in the study area, while qualitative data are analyzed thematically. The results indicated that absence of private offices for GM officers, non-proportional inclusiveness of women in leadership position, lack of awareness of leaders about GM, unfair distribution of responsibility between both sexes, and limited budget allocation for gender related issues significantly affected GMP in the study area. To alleviate these problems, concerned governmental and non-governmental organizations should work together to raise leaders’ awareness regarding gender mainstreaming and women empowerment in leadership positions. Also, gender officers should be assigned, made to act independently, and provided with their own offices. Moreover, mechanisms should be considered to promote women’s potential. Keywords: government sector offices, gender mainstreaming, Basketo Special Woreda, ordinal logistic regression, women empowerment
本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚南部Basketo Special wooreda的做法水平，并确定影响性别主流化做法(GMSP)的体制因素。这项研究采用了混合研究方法。定量数据采用横断面描述性调查，采用结构化问卷，定性数据采用访谈和焦点小组讨论。共有119名受访者参与了这项研究。样本为16名受访者，用于2个fgd，每个fgd由8名参与者组成。采访了6位不同政府部门的领导，以及1位全国人民广播电台妇女青少年事务局的负责人。此外，随机抽取96名来自巴西特别行政区政府机构的官员填写结构化问卷。采用STATA version 14软件对定量数据进行分析。采用OLRA法确定研究区域内影响GMSP的显著因素，并对定性数据进行专题分析。研究结果表明，转基因官员缺乏私人办公室、女性在领导岗位上的包容性不成比例、领导者对转基因缺乏认识、两性责任分配不公平、性别相关问题的预算分配有限等因素显著影响了研究地区的GMP。为了减轻这些问题，有关的政府组织和非政府组织应共同努力，提高领导人对将性别问题纳入主流和赋予妇女权力担任领导职务的认识。此外，应指派性别干事，使其独立行动，并为其提供自己的办公室。此外，还应考虑建立促进妇女潜力的机制。关键词:政府部门办公室，性别主流化，Basketo Special women，有序逻辑回归，妇女赋权
{"title":"INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING GENDER MAINSTREAMING: THE CASE OF BASKETO SPECIAL WOREDA SECTOR OFFICES, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Lombebo Tagesse, Zeray Abebe","doi":"10.59122/736027g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/736027g","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to assess the level of practices and determine institutional factors affecting gender mainstreaming practices (GMSP) in Basketo Special Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The study adopted a mixed research approach. Quantitative data are collected through crosssectional descriptive survey with the help of structured questionnaire, whereas interview and focus group discussion are used to collect qualitative data. A total of 119 respondents participated in the study. A sample of 16 respondents are used for 2 FGDs each comprising 8 participants. Six leaders from different government offices are interviewed, and 1 proper person from SNNPRs Women, Youth and Children Affairs Bureau is also interviewed. Furthermore, 96 randomly selected officers from government institutions of Basketo Special Woreda filled the structured questionnaire. Quantitative data are presented and analyzed by using STATA version 14 software. OLRA is employed to determine the significant factors affecting GMSP in the study area, while qualitative data are analyzed thematically. The results indicated that absence of private offices for GM officers, non-proportional inclusiveness of women in leadership position, lack of awareness of leaders about GM, unfair distribution of responsibility between both sexes, and limited budget allocation for gender related issues significantly affected GMP in the study area. To alleviate these problems, concerned governmental and non-governmental organizations should work together to raise leaders’ awareness regarding gender mainstreaming and women empowerment in leadership positions. Also, gender officers should be assigned, made to act independently, and provided with their own offices. Moreover, mechanisms should be considered to promote women’s potential. Keywords: government sector offices, gender mainstreaming, Basketo Special Woreda, ordinal logistic regression, women empowerment","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128221692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Desalegn Chanie, Daniel Azaze, Teshome Yirgu, Alemu Zewudie
Soil erosion is the main cause of land degradation in Ethiopia and annually several tons of soil is removed away from the highlands. Thus, the purpose of this study is assessing soil erosion rates under various land uses and identifying the main contributing factors in Demba-Gofa woreda. A multistage random sampling approach was used to identify the research subjects. Questionnaire, key informant interview, FGDs, and field observations were used as data collection instruments to identify the major contributing factors of soil erosion in the studied woredas. Finally, the application of RUSLE model predicted that the lowest annual rate of soil loss observed at forest land is approximately 5.43 t ha-1 year, -1 whereas the highest amount of soil loss in crop land was about 36.01 t ha-1 year-1 and followed by in the grass land 22.10 t ha-1 year-1 and in the shrub land 11.29 t ha-1 year-1. The analysis of multiple linear regression model predicted that deforestation activities, educational level of farm household heads, mismanagement of cultivated lands, perception of local farmers on soil erosion, land size, farm distance, and slope of the land were found to significantly aggravates soil erosions at p < 0.05 level. Land sat satellite image with Arc-GIS 10.3 analysis for the last 15 years (2000-2017) of the three rural kebeles indicated that a total of 489.4 ha (56.3%) forest land was converted into shrub and grasslands. Thus, the national and the local governments should focus on reforestation, awareness creation on soil erosion and how farmers manage farmlands. Keywords: Soil erosion, natural resource degradation, RUSLE, Demba-Gofa
土壤侵蚀是埃塞俄比亚土地退化的主要原因，每年有好几吨土壤从高地流失。因此，本研究的目的是评估不同土地利用方式下的土壤侵蚀率，并确定登巴-戈法地区的主要影响因素。采用多阶段随机抽样方法确定研究对象。采用问卷调查法、关键信息提供者访谈法、fgd法和实地观测法等数据收集手段，确定了研究地区土壤侵蚀的主要影响因素。最后，利用RUSLE模型预测，林地土壤流失量最小，年流失量约为5.43 t ha-1 a，而耕地土壤流失量最大，约为36.01 t ha-1 a-1，其次是草地22.10 t ha-1 a-1，灌木林地11.29 t ha-1 a-1。多元线性回归模型分析发现，森林砍伐活动、农户户主文化程度、耕地管理不善、当地农民对土壤侵蚀的认知、土地规模、农场距离和土地坡度在p < 0.05水平上显著加剧了土壤侵蚀。利用Arc-GIS 10.3对3个农村地区近15年(2000-2017年)的土地卫星图像进行分析，结果表明，共有489.4 ha(56.3%)的林地被转化为灌木和草地。因此，国家和地方政府应该把重点放在重新造林、提高对土壤侵蚀的认识以及农民如何管理农田上。关键词:土壤侵蚀，自然资源退化，RUSLE, Demba-Gofa
{"title":"Soil Loss and Its Impact on Crop Productivity Under Varying Land Uses in Demba-Gofa District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn Chanie, Daniel Azaze, Teshome Yirgu, Alemu Zewudie","doi":"10.59122/23502lk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/23502lk","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is the main cause of land degradation in Ethiopia and annually several tons of soil is removed away from the highlands. Thus, the purpose of this study is assessing soil erosion rates under various land uses and identifying the main contributing factors in Demba-Gofa woreda. A multistage random sampling approach was used to identify the research subjects. Questionnaire, key informant interview, FGDs, and field observations were used as data collection instruments to identify the major contributing factors of soil erosion in the studied woredas. Finally, the application of RUSLE model predicted that the lowest annual rate of soil loss observed at forest land is approximately 5.43 t ha-1 year, -1 whereas the highest amount of soil loss in crop land was about 36.01 t ha-1 year-1 and followed by in the grass land 22.10 t ha-1 year-1 and in the shrub land 11.29 t ha-1 year-1. The analysis of multiple linear regression model predicted that deforestation activities, educational level of farm household heads, mismanagement of cultivated lands, perception of local farmers on soil erosion, land size, farm distance, and slope of the land were found to significantly aggravates soil erosions at p < 0.05 level. Land sat satellite image with Arc-GIS 10.3 analysis for the last 15 years (2000-2017) of the three rural kebeles indicated that a total of 489.4 ha (56.3%) forest land was converted into shrub and grasslands. Thus, the national and the local governments should focus on reforestation, awareness creation on soil erosion and how farmers manage farmlands. Keywords: Soil erosion, natural resource degradation, RUSLE, Demba-Gofa","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123388013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempts to investigate barriers confronting women in leadership in public sectors with reference to Demba Goffa Woreda, Ethiopia. It takes into account strategies that can be used to enhance participation of women in leadership in public sectors based on the nature of the sectors. In order to achieve this purpose, descriptive survey design has been employed. The target population of the present study is 510 out of which 146 respondents have been selected through sample size determination. Questionnaire, structured interview, and focus group discussion were employed for data collection. Data has been analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21 by employing descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation), one sample t-test and multiple regressions. The findings reveal that the current status of women’s participation in leadership is high in certain areas and they are found to be department heads, process owners, team leaders, and co-coordinators in the public sectors. The findings also reveal that employee perception related to barrier (b =0.250, p<0.05) with R2=0.62(62%) is significant and positively related to women leadership. This indicates that 62% perceive perception of employee as the main barrier to women leadership when compared to the other variables. This is due to the fact that women get too emotional and frustrated when challenge encounters them. Strategies like reserving quota for women which will promote women leadership are important in enhancing participation of women in leadership. Keywords: women; leadership; glass ceiling
本研究试图以埃塞俄比亚的Demba Goffa worreda为例，调查妇女在公共部门领导中面临的障碍。它根据公共部门的性质考虑到可用于加强妇女参与公共部门领导的战略。为了达到这一目的，采用了描述性调查设计。本研究的目标人群为510人，其中146名受访者通过样本量确定。采用问卷调查法、结构化访谈法和焦点小组讨论法进行数据收集。数据分析与SPSS version 21的帮助下，采用描述性统计(百分比，频率，均值和标准差)，单样本t检验和多元回归。调查结果显示，目前在某些领域，妇女参与领导的地位很高，她们被发现是公共部门的部门主管、流程所有者、团队领导和协调者。研究结果还显示，员工感知障碍(b =0.250, p<0.05)与女性领导显著正相关，R2=0.62(62%)。这表明，与其他变量相比，62%的人认为对员工的看法是女性领导的主要障碍。这是由于女性在遇到挑战时会变得过于情绪化和沮丧。为妇女保留配额等促进妇女领导的战略对于加强妇女参与领导非常重要。关键词:女性;领导力;玻璃天花板
{"title":"BARRIERS CONFRONTING WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP IN THE PUBLIC SECTORS: THE CASE OF DEMBA GOFFA WOREDA, GAMO GOFFA ZONE","authors":"Zerihun Ayalew, Mengistu Agena","doi":"10.59122/33502fv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/33502fv","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to investigate barriers confronting women in leadership in public sectors with reference to Demba Goffa Woreda, Ethiopia. It takes into account strategies that can be used to enhance participation of women in leadership in public sectors based on the nature of the sectors. In order to achieve this purpose, descriptive survey design has been employed. The target population of the present study is 510 out of which 146 respondents have been selected through sample size determination. Questionnaire, structured interview, and focus group discussion were employed for data collection. Data has been analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21 by employing descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation), one sample t-test and multiple regressions. The findings reveal that the current status of women’s participation in leadership is high in certain areas and they are found to be department heads, process owners, team leaders, and co-coordinators in the public sectors. The findings also reveal that employee perception related to barrier (b =0.250, p<0.05) with R2=0.62(62%) is significant and positively related to women leadership. This indicates that 62% perceive perception of employee as the main barrier to women leadership when compared to the other variables. This is due to the fact that women get too emotional and frustrated when challenge encounters them. Strategies like reserving quota for women which will promote women leadership are important in enhancing participation of women in leadership. Keywords: women; leadership; glass ceiling","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131760884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Group work is an educational tool designed to develop learners’ cognitive and social skills at different levels of education across various subjects. We felt that it is important to see learners’ perspectives of group work assessment as they are clients that stay with teachers the whole year. To this effect, the study aimed to examine grades 11 and 12 students’ perspectives of their teachers' group work assessment practices in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS), Ethiopia. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design as the purpose of the study was to survey and describe the assessment practices. To achieve this, 270 students were selected with a systematic random sampling technique for a questionnaire survey. However, only 212 students filled the questionnaire properly. To examine whether the expected mean values were statistically significant or not as compared to the observed mean scores at both an item and scale levels, a one-sample t-test was applied. The results showed that the assessment of group work focuses on the assessment of group product with little consideration of group process and individual contribution to the group work. Besides, the teachers used to employ limited groupbased assessment tools such as group presentations, written group reports, and paper-pencil tests (tests, quizzes, examinations) which are aligned with the assessment of group product while tools that may foster group process and individual accountability like individual written reports, presentations, portfolios, demonstrations, and debates were inadequately used. Based on the findings, it was recommended that SNNPRS Education Bureau has to organize induction for teachers on group work assessment skills. Keywords: assessment practice; assessment tool; group assessment; group process; group outcome
{"title":"SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR TEACHERS’ GROUP WORK ASSESSMENT PRACTICES","authors":"Abate Demissie, Getu Lemma","doi":"10.59122/73402ty","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/73402ty","url":null,"abstract":"Group work is an educational tool designed to develop learners’ cognitive and social skills at different levels of education across various subjects. We felt that it is important to see learners’ perspectives of group work assessment as they are clients that stay with teachers the whole year. To this effect, the study aimed to examine grades 11 and 12 students’ perspectives of their teachers' group work assessment practices in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS), Ethiopia. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design as the purpose of the study was to survey and describe the assessment practices. To achieve this, 270 students were selected with a systematic random sampling technique for a questionnaire survey. However, only 212 students filled the questionnaire properly. To examine whether the expected mean values were statistically significant or not as compared to the observed mean scores at both an item and scale levels, a one-sample t-test was applied. The results showed that the assessment of group work focuses on the assessment of group product with little consideration of group process and individual contribution to the group work. Besides, the teachers used to employ limited groupbased assessment tools such as group presentations, written group reports, and paper-pencil tests (tests, quizzes, examinations) which are aligned with the assessment of group product while tools that may foster group process and individual accountability like individual written reports, presentations, portfolios, demonstrations, and debates were inadequately used. Based on the findings, it was recommended that SNNPRS Education Bureau has to organize induction for teachers on group work assessment skills. Keywords: assessment practice; assessment tool; group assessment; group process; group outcome","PeriodicalId":247662,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science","volume":"11 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126171472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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