This paper proposes 2 multiple layer message security schemes. Information security is carried out through the implementation of cryptography, steganography and image processing techniques. In both schemes, the sensitive data is first encrypted by employing a chaotic function. In the first proposed scheme, LSB steganography is then applied to 2D slices of a 3D image. In the second proposed scheme, a corner detection filter is first applied to the 2D slices of a 3D image, then LSB embedding is carried out in those corner-detected pixels. The number of neighboring pixels used for corner detection is varied and its effect is noted. Performance of the proposed schemes is numerically evaluated using a number of metrics, including the mean squared error (MSE), the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the structure similarity index measure (SSIM), the normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the image fidelity (IF), as well as the image difference (ID). The proposed schemes exhibit superior payload capacity and security in comparison to their counterparts from the literature.
{"title":"Securing Sensitive Data Through Corner Filters, Chaotic Maps and LSB Embedding","authors":"Wassim Alexan, Eyad Mamdouh, Abdelrahman Elkhateeb, Fahd Al-Seba'ey, Ziad Amr, Hana Khalil","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600536","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes 2 multiple layer message security schemes. Information security is carried out through the implementation of cryptography, steganography and image processing techniques. In both schemes, the sensitive data is first encrypted by employing a chaotic function. In the first proposed scheme, LSB steganography is then applied to 2D slices of a 3D image. In the second proposed scheme, a corner detection filter is first applied to the 2D slices of a 3D image, then LSB embedding is carried out in those corner-detected pixels. The number of neighboring pixels used for corner detection is varied and its effect is noted. Performance of the proposed schemes is numerically evaluated using a number of metrics, including the mean squared error (MSE), the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the structure similarity index measure (SSIM), the normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the image fidelity (IF), as well as the image difference (ID). The proposed schemes exhibit superior payload capacity and security in comparison to their counterparts from the literature.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117146314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600507
M. Ibrahem, M. El-Mohandes, M. El-Wakad, Sherif A. Sami
Neck braces and cervical traction are two techniques that are used to relief neck pain. Static braces are used to stabilize the neck but may become uncomfortable to wear for extended periods of time. Cervical traction is used to decrease intradiscal pressure and thus relief nerve pain. Unfortunately, both techniques cannot be applied simultaneously, and must be applied separately, which affect the efficiency of intended results with prolonged duration. The aim of this paper is to design a parallel manipulator dynamic neck brace that controls the posture of head and neck and can be used for cervical traction that allows application of flexible treatment protocols tailored to each patient according to his condition. Forward and inverse kinematics were applied using Matlab to obtain the workspace of the system and the design was validated using Solidworks. The results of the Matlab and Solidworks were identical and showed that the moving platform can apply Flexion/Extension from -8° to 8° and lateral bending from -7° to 7° with axial translation from 0 to 20 mm.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Dynamic Neck Brace","authors":"M. Ibrahem, M. El-Mohandes, M. El-Wakad, Sherif A. Sami","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600507","url":null,"abstract":"Neck braces and cervical traction are two techniques that are used to relief neck pain. Static braces are used to stabilize the neck but may become uncomfortable to wear for extended periods of time. Cervical traction is used to decrease intradiscal pressure and thus relief nerve pain. Unfortunately, both techniques cannot be applied simultaneously, and must be applied separately, which affect the efficiency of intended results with prolonged duration. The aim of this paper is to design a parallel manipulator dynamic neck brace that controls the posture of head and neck and can be used for cervical traction that allows application of flexible treatment protocols tailored to each patient according to his condition. Forward and inverse kinematics were applied using Matlab to obtain the workspace of the system and the design was validated using Solidworks. The results of the Matlab and Solidworks were identical and showed that the moving platform can apply Flexion/Extension from -8° to 8° and lateral bending from -7° to 7° with axial translation from 0 to 20 mm.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127102584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600491
Nada S. Kassem, A. Masoud, A. M. Aly
Driver safety is a main concern nowadays. Hence, a real need for systems like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has arisen. With this need to such systems, many challenges come up. These challenges are including the time consumption of testing of these systems as It needs to be tested in different weather conditions. Besides, the difficulty of covering all the possible scenarios while testing these systems and the carbon dioxide emission from cars in the process of testing the system. Hence, the purpose of the proposed paper is to implement a simulation-based driver in the loop simulation-based system for indoor testing of computer vision based ADAS. A simplified tricycle kinematics model is implemented for this purpose by using Matlab/Simulink. A vehicle virtual environment is implemented in unreal engine environment by MATLAB platform. The interaction of the driver with the virtual car in this virtual environment is made by a simplified hardware for the car. A feedback is taken from the driver through sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller. Arduino microcontroller interpret the driver feedbacks and feed it as an inputs to the vehicle model to move the car in the virtual environment. The proposed system is tested for computer vision lane detection, departure, and change algorithms. These algorithms relay mainly on Hough transform. The proposed system is tested in real time and the results obtained is very similar to the results obtained from testing a computer vision based ADAS on a real street.
{"title":"Driver-in-the-Loop for computer-vision based ADAS testing","authors":"Nada S. Kassem, A. Masoud, A. M. Aly","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600491","url":null,"abstract":"Driver safety is a main concern nowadays. Hence, a real need for systems like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has arisen. With this need to such systems, many challenges come up. These challenges are including the time consumption of testing of these systems as It needs to be tested in different weather conditions. Besides, the difficulty of covering all the possible scenarios while testing these systems and the carbon dioxide emission from cars in the process of testing the system. Hence, the purpose of the proposed paper is to implement a simulation-based driver in the loop simulation-based system for indoor testing of computer vision based ADAS. A simplified tricycle kinematics model is implemented for this purpose by using Matlab/Simulink. A vehicle virtual environment is implemented in unreal engine environment by MATLAB platform. The interaction of the driver with the virtual car in this virtual environment is made by a simplified hardware for the car. A feedback is taken from the driver through sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller. Arduino microcontroller interpret the driver feedbacks and feed it as an inputs to the vehicle model to move the car in the virtual environment. The proposed system is tested for computer vision lane detection, departure, and change algorithms. These algorithms relay mainly on Hough transform. The proposed system is tested in real time and the results obtained is very similar to the results obtained from testing a computer vision based ADAS on a real street.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127332652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600529
M. Elsayed, N. Hassan, Marina Maher, Nouran Waleed, Rehab Reda, Haitham Sharaf Eldin, H. Mostafa
The increase in population, food demand, and the pollution levels of the environment are considered major problems of this era. For these reasons, the traditional ways of farming are no longer suitable for early and accurate detection of biotic stress. Recently, precision agriculture has been extensively used as a potential solution for the aforementioned problems using high resolution optical sensors and data analysis methods that are able to cope with the resolution, size and complexity of the signals from these sensors. In this paper, several methods of machine learning have been utilized in order to study pests, their types, population, and agricultural conditions in terms of soil and climate for some crops such as potatoes, guava, and cotton, which are among the main Egyptian crops. In the process of obtaining a suitable estimate of insects population affecting each of the aforementioned crops, a hardware model control, based on the results provided by the predictive analysis, an estimate of the electromagnetic force is applied to the cultivated areas to get rid of the pests as well as giving a background to farmers about the possibility of infecting a crop such as Potato with Late Blight, according to climatic conditions.
{"title":"Guava Trees Disease Monitoring Using the Integration of Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics","authors":"M. Elsayed, N. Hassan, Marina Maher, Nouran Waleed, Rehab Reda, Haitham Sharaf Eldin, H. Mostafa","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600529","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in population, food demand, and the pollution levels of the environment are considered major problems of this era. For these reasons, the traditional ways of farming are no longer suitable for early and accurate detection of biotic stress. Recently, precision agriculture has been extensively used as a potential solution for the aforementioned problems using high resolution optical sensors and data analysis methods that are able to cope with the resolution, size and complexity of the signals from these sensors. In this paper, several methods of machine learning have been utilized in order to study pests, their types, population, and agricultural conditions in terms of soil and climate for some crops such as potatoes, guava, and cotton, which are among the main Egyptian crops. In the process of obtaining a suitable estimate of insects population affecting each of the aforementioned crops, a hardware model control, based on the results provided by the predictive analysis, an estimate of the electromagnetic force is applied to the cultivated areas to get rid of the pests as well as giving a background to farmers about the possibility of infecting a crop such as Potato with Late Blight, according to climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122617924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600496
Amira A. Amer, I. Talkhan, T. Ismail
Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a key enabling technology for supporting high-speed and low latency services in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond networks. MEC paradigm moves computational resources from centralized cloud servers towards the edge of the network, nearer to the users. However, edge computation resources increase the power consumption of the network. Moreover, the non-uniform traffic load on the edge servers causes resources to be underutilized and decrease the system's power efficiency. To achieve the green networking concept encouraged in 5G and beyond networks, unused MEC resources should be switched to sleep mode to reduce the power consumption. The policy controlling sleep/active switching needs should optimize the power consumption and maintain an acceptable quality of service. The control policy should also eliminate frequent mode switches that cause system instability and degrade the system performance. This paper introduces a dual-threshold switching control to reduce power consumption and provide system stability. We also propose using the gaining and sharing knowledge (GSK) optimization algorithm for resource optimization and determining the optimum thresholds to be used by the system. Results showed that dual-threshold switching successfully reduced the power consumed in a single time slot by more than 10% per MEC server. Also, dual-threshold control displayed more stability compared to the single threshold control.
{"title":"Optimal Power Consumption on Distributed Edge Services Under Non-Uniform Traffic with Dual Threshold Sleep/Active Control","authors":"Amira A. Amer, I. Talkhan, T. Ismail","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600496","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a key enabling technology for supporting high-speed and low latency services in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond networks. MEC paradigm moves computational resources from centralized cloud servers towards the edge of the network, nearer to the users. However, edge computation resources increase the power consumption of the network. Moreover, the non-uniform traffic load on the edge servers causes resources to be underutilized and decrease the system's power efficiency. To achieve the green networking concept encouraged in 5G and beyond networks, unused MEC resources should be switched to sleep mode to reduce the power consumption. The policy controlling sleep/active switching needs should optimize the power consumption and maintain an acceptable quality of service. The control policy should also eliminate frequent mode switches that cause system instability and degrade the system performance. This paper introduces a dual-threshold switching control to reduce power consumption and provide system stability. We also propose using the gaining and sharing knowledge (GSK) optimization algorithm for resource optimization and determining the optimum thresholds to be used by the system. Results showed that dual-threshold switching successfully reduced the power consumed in a single time slot by more than 10% per MEC server. Also, dual-threshold control displayed more stability compared to the single threshold control.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117078500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600551
Hazem A. A. Nomer, A. W. Mohamed, A. Yousef
Meta-heuristics and nature inspired algorithms have been prominent solvers for highly complex, nonlinear and hard optimization problems. The Gaining-Sharing Knowledge algorithm (GSK) is a recently proposed nature-inspired algorithm, inspired by human and their tendency towards growth and gaining and sharing knowledge with others. The GSK algorithm have been applied to different optimization problems and proved robustness compared to other nature-inspired algorithms. The GSK algorithm has two main control parameters kfand kr which controls how much individuals gain and share knowledge with their common society and circles or what they inherit from their parents. GSK has no control parameter adaptation scheme, the kf and kr are fixed for all individuals. In this paper we introduce an adaptation technique for the GSK algorithm by learning those parameters during search procedure of the algorithm. The new algorithm is dubbed as GSK-RL. The parameter controller in GSK-RL is a neural network trained using actor critic methods for reinforcement learning. The GSK-RL is compared against original GSK algorithm with its default parameters on CEC 2017 test suite functions for dimensions 10 and 30. The GSK-RL performed well on 10 dimensional problems but the performance started to degrade on 30 dimensional problems and it showed unstable behaviour on some functions that the controller has never been trained on before. This paper concludes that neither the state of the search algorithm as described for the RL model nor the reward function has a critical role in designing an RL-based controller for parameters of the GSK, however the training functions and the collected trajectories are the most important factor in designing such a controller.
{"title":"GSK-RL: Adaptive Gaining-sharing Knowledge algorithm using Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Hazem A. A. Nomer, A. W. Mohamed, A. Yousef","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600551","url":null,"abstract":"Meta-heuristics and nature inspired algorithms have been prominent solvers for highly complex, nonlinear and hard optimization problems. The Gaining-Sharing Knowledge algorithm (GSK) is a recently proposed nature-inspired algorithm, inspired by human and their tendency towards growth and gaining and sharing knowledge with others. The GSK algorithm have been applied to different optimization problems and proved robustness compared to other nature-inspired algorithms. The GSK algorithm has two main control parameters kfand kr which controls how much individuals gain and share knowledge with their common society and circles or what they inherit from their parents. GSK has no control parameter adaptation scheme, the kf and kr are fixed for all individuals. In this paper we introduce an adaptation technique for the GSK algorithm by learning those parameters during search procedure of the algorithm. The new algorithm is dubbed as GSK-RL. The parameter controller in GSK-RL is a neural network trained using actor critic methods for reinforcement learning. The GSK-RL is compared against original GSK algorithm with its default parameters on CEC 2017 test suite functions for dimensions 10 and 30. The GSK-RL performed well on 10 dimensional problems but the performance started to degrade on 30 dimensional problems and it showed unstable behaviour on some functions that the controller has never been trained on before. This paper concludes that neither the state of the search algorithm as described for the RL model nor the reward function has a critical role in designing an RL-based controller for parameters of the GSK, however the training functions and the collected trajectories are the most important factor in designing such a controller.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114219636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600487
N. Saleh, Aya Tarek
Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) require an external communication device. The system takes on different characteristics depending on the stage of the disease. This research provides a vision-based communication system for end-stage patients who can communicate with their eyes. Hardware and software were used to create the communication system. A headset with a wearable glass, sensitive camera, and near-infrared light was used to implement eye-tracking technology. The commands were displayed on a computer screen. The software for the system was created with the eye-tracking and calibration process in consideration. Furthermore, smart software for the user interface was created, which included six critical needs to be reported. The system has been tested and has yielded convenient results. In this way, patients with ALS can have a dependable, safe, non-invasive, and low-cost communication device to help them with their daily activities.
{"title":"Vision-Based Communication System for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"N. Saleh, Aya Tarek","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600487","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) require an external communication device. The system takes on different characteristics depending on the stage of the disease. This research provides a vision-based communication system for end-stage patients who can communicate with their eyes. Hardware and software were used to create the communication system. A headset with a wearable glass, sensitive camera, and near-infrared light was used to implement eye-tracking technology. The commands were displayed on a computer screen. The software for the system was created with the eye-tracking and calibration process in consideration. Furthermore, smart software for the user interface was created, which included six critical needs to be reported. The system has been tested and has yielded convenient results. In this way, patients with ALS can have a dependable, safe, non-invasive, and low-cost communication device to help them with their daily activities.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124518851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600510
R. P. Chand, S. Kumar, Ravinesh Chand
This paper presents stabilizing velocity controllers for the individuals of two Lagrangian swarms, which navigates from their initial configuration space to their final configuration space, ensuring intra and inter swarm individual collision avoidance. The motion of the individuals is based on Reynold's rules of separation, alignment, and cohesion. Using the three pillars (safety, shortest and smoothest path) of Lyapunov based control scheme (LbCS), the velocity controllers of the individuals of the two swarms are derived from multiple Lyapunov functions. The effectiveness of the controllers is validated through computer simulations.
{"title":"LbCS navigation controllers of Twining Lagrangian swarm individuals","authors":"R. P. Chand, S. Kumar, Ravinesh Chand","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600510","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents stabilizing velocity controllers for the individuals of two Lagrangian swarms, which navigates from their initial configuration space to their final configuration space, ensuring intra and inter swarm individual collision avoidance. The motion of the individuals is based on Reynold's rules of separation, alignment, and cohesion. Using the three pillars (safety, shortest and smoothest path) of Lyapunov based control scheme (LbCS), the velocity controllers of the individuals of the two swarms are derived from multiple Lyapunov functions. The effectiveness of the controllers is validated through computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130158138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600094
Ayat Nada, M. A. Hassan, M. Fakhr, M. El-Wakad
Flow diverting (FD) stents are implanted to decrease the aneurysm's blood flow for rupture prevention. We employed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods to examine pre- and post-stented flow parameters in abdominal aortic aneurysms. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effect of two various flow stents on patient-specific abdominal aortic models. The hemodynamic characteristics of the two stents were studied and compared, including velocity field, pressure, time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), and its related indices. The simulation results show that Stent2 offers further flow reduction; however, Stent1 has a higher relative residence time (RRT). In addition, Stent2 reduces TAWSS and increases oscillatory shear index (OSI) and endothelial cell action potential (ECAP). Finally, Stent2 protects the aneurysm from rupture and creates a suitable environment for thrombus formation, which may help the aneurysm degrade.
{"title":"Comparison Study of Flow Diverting Stents for the Treatment of a Patient-specific Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm","authors":"Ayat Nada, M. A. Hassan, M. Fakhr, M. El-Wakad","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600094","url":null,"abstract":"Flow diverting (FD) stents are implanted to decrease the aneurysm's blood flow for rupture prevention. We employed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods to examine pre- and post-stented flow parameters in abdominal aortic aneurysms. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effect of two various flow stents on patient-specific abdominal aortic models. The hemodynamic characteristics of the two stents were studied and compared, including velocity field, pressure, time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), and its related indices. The simulation results show that Stent2 offers further flow reduction; however, Stent1 has a higher relative residence time (RRT). In addition, Stent2 reduces TAWSS and increases oscillatory shear index (OSI) and endothelial cell action potential (ECAP). Finally, Stent2 protects the aneurysm from rupture and creates a suitable environment for thrombus formation, which may help the aneurysm degrade.","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115185325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600092
Ayman Youssef, Bilal Majeed, C. Ryan
This paper applies Grammatical Evolution (GE) to the optimization of combinational logic circuits on gate-level logic. We demonstrate the ability of GE to evolve complex combinational circuits using gate-level combinational logic and show that GE can similarly provide optimized solutions for different digital circuit problems at the gate level. Our methodology is applied to the Advanced Encryption standard (AES) S-box building blocks and the results compared to other evolutionary algorithms. Our results show comparable results with traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP).
{"title":"Optimizing combinational logic circuits using Grammatical Evolution","authors":"Ayman Youssef, Bilal Majeed, C. Ryan","doi":"10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES53778.2021.9600092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper applies Grammatical Evolution (GE) to the optimization of combinational logic circuits on gate-level logic. We demonstrate the ability of GE to evolve complex combinational circuits using gate-level combinational logic and show that GE can similarly provide optimized solutions for different digital circuit problems at the gate level. Our methodology is applied to the Advanced Encryption standard (AES) S-box building blocks and the results compared to other evolutionary algorithms. Our results show comparable results with traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP).","PeriodicalId":249153,"journal":{"name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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