Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245892
J. Mwangoka, P. Marques, Jonathan Rodriguez
Radio spectrum license is multi-dimensional in nature. This suggests that matching a bid to buy and an offer to sell has to be done across the multiple dimensions to maximize spectrum usage in terms of economic efficiency. In addition, creating a functioning secondary market for trading spectrum requires an intermediary for both pooling the resources and matching the supply and demand sides of the equation. This paper proposes a multiple-dimension auctioning mechanism through a broker to facilitate an efficient secondary spectrum market. A broker for orchestrating the market is proposed describing its basic functionalities. Two trading negotiation protocols, i.e., merchant and auction, are discussed. Focusing on the auction mode, the multiple-winner determination problem (mWDP) is defined and cast into a multidimensional multiple-choice knapsack problem (MMKP). Since the MMKP is NP-complete, two heuristic algorithms to solve the mWDP namely (1) area-by-area (ABA), and (2) maximum-utility-first (MUFA) are presented. Numerical studies illustrating the potential of the algorithms are presented. The numerical studies indicate that MUFA is better in addressing the exposure problem.
{"title":"Broker based secondary spectrum trading","authors":"J. Mwangoka, P. Marques, Jonathan Rodriguez","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245892","url":null,"abstract":"Radio spectrum license is multi-dimensional in nature. This suggests that matching a bid to buy and an offer to sell has to be done across the multiple dimensions to maximize spectrum usage in terms of economic efficiency. In addition, creating a functioning secondary market for trading spectrum requires an intermediary for both pooling the resources and matching the supply and demand sides of the equation. This paper proposes a multiple-dimension auctioning mechanism through a broker to facilitate an efficient secondary spectrum market. A broker for orchestrating the market is proposed describing its basic functionalities. Two trading negotiation protocols, i.e., merchant and auction, are discussed. Focusing on the auction mode, the multiple-winner determination problem (mWDP) is defined and cast into a multidimensional multiple-choice knapsack problem (MMKP). Since the MMKP is NP-complete, two heuristic algorithms to solve the mWDP namely (1) area-by-area (ABA), and (2) maximum-utility-first (MUFA) are presented. Numerical studies illustrating the potential of the algorithms are presented. The numerical studies indicate that MUFA is better in addressing the exposure problem.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124749165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245868
N. Devroye, P. Popovski
Cognitive radios may increase spectral efficiency by filling in spectral gaps, transmitting under the interference-temperature, or by exploiting transmitter-side information - all methods which rely on transmitter-side cognition. In this work we shift our focus to receiver-side cognition by extending work on opportunistic interference cancellation (OIC) to multi-user scenarios. We consider a single primary transmitter-receiver link which communicates simultaneously with a group of cognitive (secondary) users that form one of three classical multi-user channels: 1) a multiple access channel (MAC), 2) interference channel (IC), or 3) a broadcast channel (BC). When these cognitive users are permitted to transmit subject to peak interference at the primary receiver, we illustrate the benefit of having the primary share its transmission rate and codebook with the cognitive receivers. With these codebooks, when the channel conditions permit, the cognitive receivers decode both the primary and the intended cognitive message, which boosts the secondary rates as compared to treating the primary signal as noise. The primary users must not change their encoders/decoders and remain oblivious to the secondary operation. We obtain achievable rate regions for the secondary MAC, IC and BC in which the cognitive receivers opportunistically cancel the primary interference to achieve higher rates at the cost of codebook knowledge and, perhaps, increased decoding complexity.
{"title":"Receiver-side opportunism in cognitive networks","authors":"N. Devroye, P. Popovski","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245868","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radios may increase spectral efficiency by filling in spectral gaps, transmitting under the interference-temperature, or by exploiting transmitter-side information - all methods which rely on transmitter-side cognition. In this work we shift our focus to receiver-side cognition by extending work on opportunistic interference cancellation (OIC) to multi-user scenarios. We consider a single primary transmitter-receiver link which communicates simultaneously with a group of cognitive (secondary) users that form one of three classical multi-user channels: 1) a multiple access channel (MAC), 2) interference channel (IC), or 3) a broadcast channel (BC). When these cognitive users are permitted to transmit subject to peak interference at the primary receiver, we illustrate the benefit of having the primary share its transmission rate and codebook with the cognitive receivers. With these codebooks, when the channel conditions permit, the cognitive receivers decode both the primary and the intended cognitive message, which boosts the secondary rates as compared to treating the primary signal as noise. The primary users must not change their encoders/decoders and remain oblivious to the secondary operation. We obtain achievable rate regions for the secondary MAC, IC and BC in which the cognitive receivers opportunistically cancel the primary interference to achieve higher rates at the cost of codebook knowledge and, perhaps, increased decoding complexity.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124212659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245765
Liang Li, M. Pesavento
We study the sum capacity of the underlay cognitive broadcast (BC) channel with M primary receivers (PRs) and K secondary receivers (SRs). In particular, the sum capacity is investigated under an average transmit power constraint (TPC) on the SRs and multiple average or peak interference power constraints (IPCs) on the PRs. In a fading environment, the average sum capacity is obtained from the solution of a convex optimization problem. The ergodic sum capacity C is then derived from the limiting case where the number of fading state tends to infinity. Further, the asymptotic capacity is investigated in the homogeneous Rayleigh fading system for which two different asymptotic regimes are analyzed.
{"title":"The sum capacity of underlay cognitive broadcast channel","authors":"Liang Li, M. Pesavento","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245765","url":null,"abstract":"We study the sum capacity of the underlay cognitive broadcast (BC) channel with M primary receivers (PRs) and K secondary receivers (SRs). In particular, the sum capacity is investigated under an average transmit power constraint (TPC) on the SRs and multiple average or peak interference power constraints (IPCs) on the PRs. In a fading environment, the average sum capacity is obtained from the solution of a convex optimization problem. The ergodic sum capacity C is then derived from the limiting case where the number of fading state tends to infinity. Further, the asymptotic capacity is investigated in the homogeneous Rayleigh fading system for which two different asymptotic regimes are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130278069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.246085
Tanim M. Taher, R. Bacchus, K. Zdunek, D. Roberson
We present the results of a preliminary assessment of the potential for applying Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) methods to improve radio frequency spectrum utilization in the land mobile radio (LMR) bands in the U.S. This band includes both public safety and commercial user frequency assignments. First, using RF spectrum measurements made in Chicago, occupancy statistics in the widely used 450-470 MHz band are presented for several days during 2009 and 2011. The results show an increase in the average occupancy, and also in the total number of active channels detected. In view of the 2013 narrowbanding mandate from the FCC, a surprising find was that between 2009 to 2011, only about 10% of the wideband (25 kHz) LMR channels studied have shifted to 12.5 kHz transmissions. While the detected number of active LMR channels has increased by 15% in just 15 months, overall occupancy remains rather low, suggesting good opportunity for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems, even with the impending transition to narrower channels. Finally, and somewhat opportunistically, we illustrate the effect of a major weather event (the Chicago Blizzard of 2011) on the utilization of the spectrum in the LMR band. The event reveals that while overall LMR utilization decreased during this weather event, public safety utilization increased, indicating that DSA could provide additional capacity for public safety during similar events.
{"title":"Dynamic spectrum access opportunities for public safety in land mobile radio bands","authors":"Tanim M. Taher, R. Bacchus, K. Zdunek, D. Roberson","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.246085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.246085","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of a preliminary assessment of the potential for applying Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) methods to improve radio frequency spectrum utilization in the land mobile radio (LMR) bands in the U.S. This band includes both public safety and commercial user frequency assignments. First, using RF spectrum measurements made in Chicago, occupancy statistics in the widely used 450-470 MHz band are presented for several days during 2009 and 2011. The results show an increase in the average occupancy, and also in the total number of active channels detected. In view of the 2013 narrowbanding mandate from the FCC, a surprising find was that between 2009 to 2011, only about 10% of the wideband (25 kHz) LMR channels studied have shifted to 12.5 kHz transmissions. While the detected number of active LMR channels has increased by 15% in just 15 months, overall occupancy remains rather low, suggesting good opportunity for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems, even with the impending transition to narrower channels. Finally, and somewhat opportunistically, we illustrate the effect of a major weather event (the Chicago Blizzard of 2011) on the utilization of the spectrum in the LMR band. The event reveals that while overall LMR utilization decreased during this weather event, public safety utilization increased, indicating that DSA could provide additional capacity for public safety during similar events.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"29 15_suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245865
Rohit Datta, M. Gautier, V. Berg, Yasunori Futatsugi, M. Ariyoshi, Mario Schühler, Z. Kollár, P. Horváth, D. Noguet, G. Fettweis
Opportunistic use of White Spaces (WS) has opened up a whole new paradigm in research on cognitive radio (CR). One of the issues addressed by the QoSMOS project is the design of a flexible and efficient physical layer (PHY) for CR systems. To this aim, different modulation techniques are being investigated and are presented in this paper. They fulfill the low out of band leakage and spectral efficiency requirements of a CR operating in fragmented WS. The design of reconfigurable and flexible radio-frequency (RF) front-end is also introduced, since its performance is tightly linked to these parameters and to the implementation feasibility and constraints. Emphasis is put on benchmarking the performance of the proposed schemes over classical approaches.
{"title":"Flexible multicarrier PHY design for cognitive radio in White Space","authors":"Rohit Datta, M. Gautier, V. Berg, Yasunori Futatsugi, M. Ariyoshi, Mario Schühler, Z. Kollár, P. Horváth, D. Noguet, G. Fettweis","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245865","url":null,"abstract":"Opportunistic use of White Spaces (WS) has opened up a whole new paradigm in research on cognitive radio (CR). One of the issues addressed by the QoSMOS project is the design of a flexible and efficient physical layer (PHY) for CR systems. To this aim, different modulation techniques are being investigated and are presented in this paper. They fulfill the low out of band leakage and spectral efficiency requirements of a CR operating in fragmented WS. The design of reconfigurable and flexible radio-frequency (RF) front-end is also introduced, since its performance is tightly linked to these parameters and to the implementation feasibility and constraints. Emphasis is put on benchmarking the performance of the proposed schemes over classical approaches.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120926840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.E94.B.3239
Chih‐Wen Chang, Po-Hsun Lin, S. Su
In the underlay decode-and-forward (DaF) cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network, an optimal relay can be selected by the conventional max-min selection on the condition of not violating the interference temperature (IT) limit. However, the max-min selection may cause some extra amount of interference to the primary system (PS) such that the so-called transfer ratio (TR) can be lower. Note that TR is newly defined as the ratio of the secondary system's (SS's) capacity gain to the PS's capacity loss due to the activities of SS. In order to improve the TR value, we are motivated by the pricing function in Game theory to propose a novel low-interference relay selection by taking the impacts of the interference from SS to PS into consideration. Using the low-interference selection, however, the optimal relay may not always be picked. To clarify this phenomenon, the still optimal probability is defined as the probability of selecting the optimal relay by the proposed scheme. In addition, the impact of the low-interference selection on the SS's capacity is also analyzed. The simulation results prove not only the exactness of the analytical results but also the superior performance in terms of the TR value and total capacity which also indicates that a higher spectrum efficiency can be achieved. It is believed that the results of this paper can provide an alternative viewpoint of evaluating the spectrum efficiency and inspire more interesting and important research topics in the future.
{"title":"A low-interference relay selection for decode-and-forward cooperative network in underlay cognitive radio","authors":"Chih‐Wen Chang, Po-Hsun Lin, S. Su","doi":"10.1587/TRANSCOM.E94.B.3239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/TRANSCOM.E94.B.3239","url":null,"abstract":"In the underlay decode-and-forward (DaF) cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network, an optimal relay can be selected by the conventional max-min selection on the condition of not violating the interference temperature (IT) limit. However, the max-min selection may cause some extra amount of interference to the primary system (PS) such that the so-called transfer ratio (TR) can be lower. Note that TR is newly defined as the ratio of the secondary system's (SS's) capacity gain to the PS's capacity loss due to the activities of SS. In order to improve the TR value, we are motivated by the pricing function in Game theory to propose a novel low-interference relay selection by taking the impacts of the interference from SS to PS into consideration. Using the low-interference selection, however, the optimal relay may not always be picked. To clarify this phenomenon, the still optimal probability is defined as the probability of selecting the optimal relay by the proposed scheme. In addition, the impact of the low-interference selection on the SS's capacity is also analyzed. The simulation results prove not only the exactness of the analytical results but also the superior performance in terms of the TR value and total capacity which also indicates that a higher spectrum efficiency can be achieved. It is believed that the results of this paper can provide an alternative viewpoint of evaluating the spectrum efficiency and inspire more interesting and important research topics in the future.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245875
Mikko Vääräkangas, Sami Kallioinen, A. Pärssinen, V. Turunen, J. Ryynänen
Cognitive Radio built on top of spectrum sensing is promised to provide more capacity for users wherever and whenever needed and improve radio spectrum utilization in clever and fair manner. However, practical spectrum sensors have to be implemented and they should provide sufficient protection to legacy users of radio spectrum. This leads to trade-offs between primary user protection ratio, device form factor, cost and power consumption. In this research we have derived requirements for antenna efficiency, sensitivity and linearity of practical spectrum sensors. These are verified by field measurements using spectrum sensor embedded to a mobile phone.
{"title":"Trade-offs in primary detection using a mobile phone as a sensing device","authors":"Mikko Vääräkangas, Sami Kallioinen, A. Pärssinen, V. Turunen, J. Ryynänen","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245875","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radio built on top of spectrum sensing is promised to provide more capacity for users wherever and whenever needed and improve radio spectrum utilization in clever and fair manner. However, practical spectrum sensors have to be implemented and they should provide sufficient protection to legacy users of radio spectrum. This leads to trade-offs between primary user protection ratio, device form factor, cost and power consumption. In this research we have derived requirements for antenna efficiency, sensitivity and linearity of practical spectrum sensors. These are verified by field measurements using spectrum sensor embedded to a mobile phone.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126554586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245863
D. Panaitopol, Abdoulaye Bagayoko, Philippe Delahaye, Lanto Rakotoharison
This paper presents an efficient way to ensure a good detection performance by implementing algorithms running in background a reliable noise estimation process. The proposed solution operates at two different time scales: a slow time scale to determine in adjacent sub-bands the supposed slowly varying noise level, and a faster time scale to determine in the band of interest the presence of signal, using a reliable energy detection solution. In order to identify the free bands where the noise variance can be estimated, the paper describes several blind and semi-blind strategies based on the statistical properties of the received signal. One of the benefits of the proposed solution is that the output of the described algorithm can populate the database of free/occupied bands, which classically needs to be regularly updated in a cognitive radio architecture.
{"title":"Fast and reliable sensing using a background process for noise estimation","authors":"D. Panaitopol, Abdoulaye Bagayoko, Philippe Delahaye, Lanto Rakotoharison","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245863","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient way to ensure a good detection performance by implementing algorithms running in background a reliable noise estimation process. The proposed solution operates at two different time scales: a slow time scale to determine in adjacent sub-bands the supposed slowly varying noise level, and a faster time scale to determine in the band of interest the presence of signal, using a reliable energy detection solution. In order to identify the free bands where the noise variance can be estimated, the paper describes several blind and semi-blind strategies based on the statistical properties of the received signal. One of the benefits of the proposed solution is that the output of the described algorithm can populate the database of free/occupied bands, which classically needs to be regularly updated in a cognitive radio architecture.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125352468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245824
Z. Feng, Ping Zhang, Yinglin Xu
Cognitive Radio (CR) is an efficient method to improve the spectrum efficiency. Industry and academic fields have focused on CR in recent years. Plenty of works on standardization of CR are concentrated among different standard organizations such as IEEE and ETSI, etc. This paper mainly introduces the work on standardization of CR in China. The proposals submitted to ITU-R from China is also introduced. Then the paper discusses the application scenarios of CR and overviews the standardization progresses of CR in CCSA. Finally, the testbed of CRS in China is discussed.
{"title":"National standardization activities within China","authors":"Z. Feng, Ping Zhang, Yinglin Xu","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245824","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radio (CR) is an efficient method to improve the spectrum efficiency. Industry and academic fields have focused on CR in recent years. Plenty of works on standardization of CR are concentrated among different standard organizations such as IEEE and ETSI, etc. This paper mainly introduces the work on standardization of CR in China. The proposals submitted to ITU-R from China is also introduced. Then the paper discusses the application scenarios of CR and overviews the standardization progresses of CR in CCSA. Finally, the testbed of CRS in China is discussed.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127743649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245901
Hsiu Yu, K. Ssu
In order to ease the control message exchange, a constantly available control channel is demanded in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Due to the characteristics of the cognitive radio network, available channel sets vary with both time and space. A globally fixed in-band control channel is not always ready to use, so a local and dynamic control channel is more preferred. In this paper, a spatially varied control channel assignment scheme, called SVC, is developed. SVC takes advantage of the spatial similarity among the available channel sets which neighboring secondary users hold. The secondary users believe that their neighbors would have the same control channel choices as theirs if they value the channels in the same way. Each user can observe the environment and make the decision independently. As a result, SVC is scalable and has the ability to recover immediately from the sudden appearance of primary users. Besides, a simple neighbor discovery mechanism is also introduced to solve the problem that most of the control channel assignment schemes require neighbor information in advance.
{"title":"Spatially varied control channel assignment in cognitive radio ad hoc networks","authors":"Hsiu Yu, K. Ssu","doi":"10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM.2011.245901","url":null,"abstract":"In order to ease the control message exchange, a constantly available control channel is demanded in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Due to the characteristics of the cognitive radio network, available channel sets vary with both time and space. A globally fixed in-band control channel is not always ready to use, so a local and dynamic control channel is more preferred. In this paper, a spatially varied control channel assignment scheme, called SVC, is developed. SVC takes advantage of the spatial similarity among the available channel sets which neighboring secondary users hold. The secondary users believe that their neighbors would have the same control channel choices as theirs if they value the channels in the same way. Each user can observe the environment and make the decision independently. As a result, SVC is scalable and has the ability to recover immediately from the sudden appearance of primary users. Besides, a simple neighbor discovery mechanism is also introduced to solve the problem that most of the control channel assignment schemes require neighbor information in advance.","PeriodicalId":249175,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121171735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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