Pub Date : 2007-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10005-007-0011-1
J. Janik
Does every event have a cause? An answer is not simple. The notion of cause contains a particular being y acting on being x plus everything that may be called the boundary conditions. These may form necessary and sufficient conditions giving rise to a strong cause, or only necessary conditions, giving rise to a weak cause. These matters are discussed in this article with particular attention being paid to the argumentation of Thomas Aquinas known as prima via. Prima via is the analysis of a cause-effect sequence which leads (according to Thomas) to a First Cause (First Mover). It seems that the extrapolation of the cause-effect sequence to infinity is permissible from the logical point of view. But the possibility of weak causes seems to destroy the cause-effect “line”. Here it is perhaps useful to “escape” to the metaphysical abstraction which looks at things sub ratione entitatis. If we ignore space and time (which is characteristic Concepts of Physics, Vol. IV, No. 2 (2007) DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0011-1 303 of this abstraction) we are led to believe that the IS of cause is finally unavoidable, which means that from the vantage point of this abstraction, i.e. from the point of view of IS, all causes
每件事都有原因吗?答案并不简单。原因的概念包含一个特定的存在y作用于x加上一切可以称为边界条件的东西。这些可能形成产生强因的充分必要条件，也可能形成产生弱因的必要条件。这些问题将在本文中讨论，特别关注托马斯·阿奎那的论证，即所谓的先验。先验是对因果序列的分析，根据托马斯的说法，这种分析会导致第一原因(先行者)。从逻辑的观点来看，似乎因果序列的外推到无限是允许的。但弱原因的可能性似乎破坏了因果“线”。在这里，“逃避”到形而上学的抽象，即从理性实体来看事物，也许是有用的。如果我们忽略空间和时间(这是《物理学概念》的特征，Vol. IV, No. 2 (2007) DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0011-1 303 of the abstract)，我们就会被引导去相信原因之本体最终是不可避免的，这意味着从这个抽象的有利位置来看，即从is的观点来看，所有的原因
{"title":"More on the Cause-Effect Sequence","authors":"J. Janik","doi":"10.2478/V10005-007-0011-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10005-007-0011-1","url":null,"abstract":"Does every event have a cause? An answer is not simple. The notion of cause contains a particular being y acting on being x plus everything that may be called the boundary conditions. These may form necessary and sufficient conditions giving rise to a strong cause, or only necessary conditions, giving rise to a weak cause. These matters are discussed in this article with particular attention being paid to the argumentation of Thomas Aquinas known as prima via. Prima via is the analysis of a cause-effect sequence which leads (according to Thomas) to a First Cause (First Mover). It seems that the extrapolation of the cause-effect sequence to infinity is permissible from the logical point of view. But the possibility of weak causes seems to destroy the cause-effect “line”. Here it is perhaps useful to “escape” to the metaphysical abstraction which looks at things sub ratione entitatis. If we ignore space and time (which is characteristic Concepts of Physics, Vol. IV, No. 2 (2007) DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0011-1 303 of this abstraction) we are led to believe that the IS of cause is finally unavoidable, which means that from the vantage point of this abstraction, i.e. from the point of view of IS, all causes","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131012073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-17DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0045-4
A. Kamenshchik, O. Teryaev
We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with ManyWorlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable. The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind. It is complementary to Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants. We briefly discuss various possible applications of Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the
{"title":"MANY-WORLDS INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM THEORY AND MESOSCOPIC ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE","authors":"A. Kamenshchik, O. Teryaev","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0045-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0045-4","url":null,"abstract":"We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with ManyWorlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable. The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind. It is complementary to Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants. We briefly discuss various possible applications of Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116950411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0034-7
V. Ignatovich
This article shows that the there is no paradox. Violation of Bell’s inequalities should not be identified with a proof of non locality in quantum mechanics. A number of past experiments is reviewed, and it is concluded that the experimental results should be re-evaluated. The results of the experiments with atomic cascade are shown not to contradict the local realism. The article points out flaws in the experiments with down-converted photons. The experiments with neutron interferometer on measuring the “contextuality” and Bell-like inequalities are analyzed, and it is shown that the experimental results can be explained without such notions. Alternative experiment is proposed to prove the validity of local realism.
{"title":"ON EPR PARADOX, BELL'S INEQUALITIES AND EXPERIMENTS THAT PROVE NOTHING","authors":"V. Ignatovich","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0034-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0034-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows that the there is no paradox. Violation of Bell’s inequalities should not be identified with a proof of non locality in quantum mechanics. A number of past experiments is reviewed, and it is concluded that the experimental results should be re-evaluated. The results of the experiments with atomic cascade are shown not to contradict the local realism. The article points out flaws in the experiments with down-converted photons. The experiments with neutron interferometer on measuring the “contextuality” and Bell-like inequalities are analyzed, and it is shown that the experimental results can be explained without such notions. Alternative experiment is proposed to prove the validity of local realism.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128464248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-01DOI: 10.2478/V10005-007-0007-X
O. Yilmaz, M. Saglam, Z. Z. Aydin
The flux associated with electron’s spin is calculated, based on the relativistic theory of the electron in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. In the relativistic limit, it is found that the flux associated with the electron’s spin is exactly equal to + 0/2 for a spin down, and 0/2 for a spin up, of unity.
{"title":"Solution of Dirac Equation for an Electron Moving in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field: Effect of Magnetic Flux Quantization","authors":"O. Yilmaz, M. Saglam, Z. Z. Aydin","doi":"10.2478/V10005-007-0007-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10005-007-0007-X","url":null,"abstract":"The flux associated with electron’s spin is calculated, based on the relativistic theory of the electron in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. In the relativistic limit, it is found that the flux associated with the electron’s spin is exactly equal to + 0/2 for a spin down, and 0/2 for a spin up, of unity.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129298927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-01DOI: 10.2478/V10005-007-0003-1
Dias Ferreira
I propose a reinterpretation of “Lorentz tachyonic transformations” — for |v| > c — and subsequently the fundaments of a Pseudotachyonic Relativity. We’ll see that some usually “absurd results” become comprehensible. Besides some brief reflections on issues of time inversion and causality, the main ideas and conclusions presented here are: • a tachyonic reference frame may only be detected as its “associated frame”, which has lower-than-light velocity (ˆv = c 2 /v) and in which time appears in an inverted flow; • we cannot directly detect tachyons but instead their pseudotachyonic “images”.
我提出了对“洛伦兹速子变换”的重新解释——对于|v| > c——以及随后的伪速子相对论的基础。我们将看到一些通常“荒谬的结果”变得可以理解。除了对时间反转和因果关系问题的一些简短思考外，这里提出的主要思想和结论是:•一个速速参考系只能作为它的“相关参考系”被检测到，该参考系的速度低于光速(- v = c 2 /v)，并且在其中时间以反向流动的形式出现;•我们不能直接探测到速子，而是它们的伪速子“图像”。
{"title":"TACHYONS AND PSEUDOTACHYONIC RELATIVITY","authors":"Dias Ferreira","doi":"10.2478/V10005-007-0003-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10005-007-0003-1","url":null,"abstract":"I propose a reinterpretation of “Lorentz tachyonic transformations” — for |v| > c — and subsequently the fundaments of a Pseudotachyonic Relativity. We’ll see that some usually “absurd results” become comprehensible. Besides some brief reflections on issues of time inversion and causality, the main ideas and conclusions presented here are: • a tachyonic reference frame may only be detected as its “associated frame”, which has lower-than-light velocity (ˆv = c 2 /v) and in which time appears in an inverted flow; • we cannot directly detect tachyons but instead their pseudotachyonic “images”.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132613886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-01DOI: 10.2478/V10005-007-0004-0
W. Grygiel
The consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics is a reformulation of the standard Copenhagen interpretation that aims at incorporating quantum probabilities as part of the axiomatic foundations of the theory. It is not only supposed to equip quantum mechanics with clear criteria of its own experimental verification but, first and foremost, to alleviate one of the stumbling blocks of the theory ‐ the measurement problem. Since the consistent histories interpretation operates with a series of quantum events integrated into one quantum history, the measurement problem is naturally absorbed as one of the events that build up a history. The interpretation rests upon the two following assumptions, proposed already by J. von Neumann: (1) both the microscopic and macroscopic regimes are subject to the same set of quantum laws and (2) a projector operator that is assigned to each event within a history permits to transcribe the history into
{"title":"Consistent Quantum Histories: Towards a Universal Language of Physics","authors":"W. Grygiel","doi":"10.2478/V10005-007-0004-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10005-007-0004-0","url":null,"abstract":"The consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics is a reformulation of the standard Copenhagen interpretation that aims at incorporating quantum probabilities as part of the axiomatic foundations of the theory. It is not only supposed to equip quantum mechanics with clear criteria of its own experimental verification but, first and foremost, to alleviate one of the stumbling blocks of the theory ‐ the measurement problem. Since the consistent histories interpretation operates with a series of quantum events integrated into one quantum history, the measurement problem is naturally absorbed as one of the events that build up a history. The interpretation rests upon the two following assumptions, proposed already by J. von Neumann: (1) both the microscopic and macroscopic regimes are subject to the same set of quantum laws and (2) a projector operator that is assigned to each event within a history permits to transcribe the history into","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126645153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-02-06DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0035-6
J. A. Morgan
A simple demonstration of the spin-statistics connection is presented. The eect of exchange and space inversion operators on two-particle states is reviewed. The connection follows directly from successive application of these operations to the two-particle wave function for identical particles in an s-state, evaluated at spatial coordinates ±x, but at equal time, i.e., at spacelike interval.
{"title":"DEMONSTRATION OF THE SPIN-STATISTICS CONNECTION IN ELEMENTARY QUANTUM MECHANICS","authors":"J. A. Morgan","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0035-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0035-6","url":null,"abstract":"A simple demonstration of the spin-statistics connection is presented. The eect of exchange and space inversion operators on two-particle states is reviewed. The connection follows directly from successive application of these operations to the two-particle wave function for identical particles in an s-state, evaluated at spatial coordinates ±x, but at equal time, i.e., at spacelike interval.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130219861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-15DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0006-y
M. I. Shirokov, V. Naumov
We study the neutrino oscillation problem in the framework of the wave packet formalism. The neutrino state is described by a packet located initially in a region S (source) and detected in another region D at a distance R from S. We examine how the oscillation probability as a function of variable R can be derived from he oscillation probability as a func
{"title":"TIME-TO-SPACE CONVERSION IN NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS","authors":"M. I. Shirokov, V. Naumov","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0006-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0006-y","url":null,"abstract":"We study the neutrino oscillation problem in the framework of the wave packet formalism. The neutrino state is described by a packet located initially in a region S (source) and detected in another region D at a distance R from S. We examine how the oscillation probability as a function of variable R can be derived from he oscillation probability as a func","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122092943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-07DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0012-0
M. Lokajicek
It has been shown that the criticism of Pauli as well as of Susskind and Glogover may be avoided if the standard quantum-mechanical mathematical model has been suitably extended. There is not more any reason for Einstein's citicism, either, if in addition to some new results concerning Bell's inequalities and Belifante's argument are taken into account. The ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics (or the hidden-variable theory) should be preferred, which is also supported by the already published results of experiments with three polarizers. Greater space in the text has been devoted also to the discussion of epistemological problems and some philosophical consequences.
{"title":"Physical Theory of the Twenties Century and Contemporary Philosophy","authors":"M. Lokajicek","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0012-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0012-0","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that the criticism of Pauli as well as of Susskind and Glogover may be avoided if the standard quantum-mechanical mathematical model has been suitably extended. There is not more any reason for Einstein's citicism, either, if in addition to some new results concerning Bell's inequalities and Belifante's argument are taken into account. The ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics (or the hidden-variable theory) should be preferred, which is also supported by the already published results of experiments with three polarizers. Greater space in the text has been devoted also to the discussion of epistemological problems and some philosophical consequences.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115758140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-06-01DOI: 10.2478/v10005-007-0013-z
Y. Friedman
The Lorentz transformations are represented on the ball of relativistically admissible velocities by Einstein velocity addition and rotations. This representation is by projective maps. The relativistic dynamic equation can be derived by introducing a new principle which is analogous to the Einstein's Equivalence Principle, but can be applied for any force. By this principle, the relativistic dynamic equation is defined by an element of the Lie algebra of the above representation. If we introduce a new dynamic variable, called symmetric velocity, the above representation becomes a representation by conformal, instead of projective maps. In this variable, the relativistic dynamic equation for systems with an invariant plane, becomes a non-linear analytic equation in one complex variable. We obtain explicit solutions for the motion of a charge in uniform, mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. By the above principle, we show that the relativistic dynamic equation for the four-velocity leads to an analog of the electromagnetic tensor. This indicates that force in special relativity is described by a differential two-form.
{"title":"A New View on Relativity: Part 2. Relativistic Dynamics","authors":"Y. Friedman","doi":"10.2478/v10005-007-0013-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0013-z","url":null,"abstract":"The Lorentz transformations are represented on the ball of relativistically admissible velocities by Einstein velocity addition and rotations. This representation is by projective maps. The relativistic dynamic equation can be derived by introducing a new principle which is analogous to the Einstein's Equivalence Principle, but can be applied for any force. By this principle, the relativistic dynamic equation is defined by an element of the Lie algebra of the above representation. If we introduce a new dynamic variable, called symmetric velocity, the above representation becomes a representation by conformal, instead of projective maps. In this variable, the relativistic dynamic equation for systems with an invariant plane, becomes a non-linear analytic equation in one complex variable. We obtain explicit solutions for the motion of a charge in uniform, mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. By the above principle, we show that the relativistic dynamic equation for the four-velocity leads to an analog of the electromagnetic tensor. This indicates that force in special relativity is described by a differential two-form.","PeriodicalId":249199,"journal":{"name":"Old and New Concepts of Physics","volume":"991 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113995212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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