J. Nišavić, N. Milic, A. Radalj, A. Stanojković, L. Veljović
The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is multifactorial and results from interactions between host factors, environmental factors, and pathogens. A virus, as an initial pathogen alters the animal?s immunity supporting the bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are among the most significant viruses associated with BRDC. The disease most often affects young and older immunosuppressed animals. Laboratory results depend on the selected sampling site of the respiratory tract and proper timing during the period of virus shedding. The samples for testing mostly include nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs, tracheal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or necropsy specimens. Virus isolation, although considered as the gold standard, is time-consuming and depends on the virus species and sampling conditions. Most of the virus identification methods used today are molecular assays (conventional and real-time PCR or RT-PCR) that are rapid, sensitive, and specific, which is of the essence in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. DNA sequencing is mostly used to detect specific genetic mutations and for molecular epidemiology of disease outbreaks. Serological diagnosis is performed based on the detection of specific antibody presence after infection of seronegative animals or a 4-fold specific antibody titer rise in paired serum samples. Different assays are available, including virus neutralization, complement fixation, haemagglutination inhibition, and ELISA. The early and reliable diagnosis is beneficial in the management and control of BRDC and is the basis of a timely treatment and prevention program.
{"title":"Laboratory diagnostics of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus associated with bovine respiratory disease","authors":"J. Nišavić, N. Milic, A. Radalj, A. Stanojković, L. Veljović","doi":"10.2298/BAH2101001N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2101001N","url":null,"abstract":"The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is multifactorial and results\u0000 from interactions between host factors, environmental factors, and\u0000 pathogens. A virus, as an initial pathogen alters the animal?s immunity\u0000 supporting the bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract. Bovine\u0000 herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine\u0000 respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are among the most significant viruses\u0000 associated with BRDC. The disease most often affects young and older\u0000 immunosuppressed animals. Laboratory results depend on the selected sampling\u0000 site of the respiratory tract and proper timing during the period of virus\u0000 shedding. The samples for testing mostly include nasal or nasopharyngeal\u0000 swabs, tracheal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or necropsy specimens.\u0000 Virus isolation, although considered as the gold standard, is time-consuming\u0000 and depends on the virus species and sampling conditions. Most of the virus\u0000 identification methods used today are molecular assays (conventional and\u0000 real-time PCR or RT-PCR) that are rapid, sensitive, and specific, which is\u0000 of the essence in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. DNA sequencing is\u0000 mostly used to detect specific genetic mutations and for molecular\u0000 epidemiology of disease outbreaks. Serological diagnosis is performed based\u0000 on the detection of specific antibody presence after infection of\u0000 seronegative animals or a 4-fold specific antibody titer rise in paired\u0000 serum samples. Different assays are available, including virus\u0000 neutralization, complement fixation, haemagglutination inhibition, and\u0000 ELISA. The early and reliable diagnosis is beneficial in the management and\u0000 control of BRDC and is the basis of a timely treatment and prevention\u0000 program.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129551209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vekić, M. Gvozdenovic, L. Perić, D. Savic, S. Jotanović, Mirjana Mitraković
A total of 3,600 floor eggs from a 59-week-old Cobb 500 parent flock were collected to examine the effects of shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment on incubation results. The eggs were divided into two equal groups according to the cleanliness of the shell: eggs with a visually clean shell (clean eggs) and eggs with a dirty shell (dirty eggs). Depending on the cleaning treatment, clean and dirty eggs were divided into three equal groups: eggs that were not cleaned at all (intact), eggs that were cleaned with metal wire (scraped eggs) and eggs that were washed (washed eggs). Cleaning treatment significantly affected egg weight loss (p = 0.057). The hatchability of set eggs was under significant influence of egg cleanliness (p = 0.018), while the hatchability of fertile eggs was under significant influence of egg cleanliness (p = 0.003) and cleaning treatment (p = 0.029). Significant influence of shell cleanliness (p = 0.000) and cleaning treatment (p = 0.000) on egg contamination was also observed. Early, middle and total embryonic mortality were not significantly influenced by shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment, in contrast to late mortality which was under significant influence of egg cleanliness (p = 0.028). The number of first grade chicks per incubator tray was significantly influenced by egg cleanliness (p = 0.018). Chick weight and length were not significantly affected by shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment. The study showed that washed eggs had a higher weight loss compared to intact and scraped eggs. Dirty eggs had a lower hatchability, a higher percentage of contamination and late mortality as well as a lower number of first grade chicks per incubation tray, compared to clean eggs. Cleaning treatments did not have a significantly positive effect on the incubation results of either clean or dirty eggs. Washing treatment had a particularly negative effect on dirty eggs as they had reduced hatchability and increased contamination. The absence of a positive effect of scraping and washing treatment on the incubation results makes justification of these cleaning treatments for floor eggs doubtful.
{"title":"Influence of floor egg shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment on hatchability and chick quality","authors":"M. Vekić, M. Gvozdenovic, L. Perić, D. Savic, S. Jotanović, Mirjana Mitraković","doi":"10.2298/bah2102099v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2102099v","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 3,600 floor eggs from a 59-week-old Cobb 500 parent flock were\u0000 collected to examine the effects of shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment\u0000 on incubation results. The eggs were divided into two equal groups according\u0000 to the cleanliness of the shell: eggs with a visually clean shell (clean\u0000 eggs) and eggs with a dirty shell (dirty eggs). Depending on the cleaning\u0000 treatment, clean and dirty eggs were divided into three equal groups: eggs\u0000 that were not cleaned at all (intact), eggs that were cleaned with metal\u0000 wire (scraped eggs) and eggs that were washed (washed eggs). Cleaning\u0000 treatment significantly affected egg weight loss (p = 0.057). The\u0000 hatchability of set eggs was under significant influence of egg cleanliness\u0000 (p = 0.018), while the hatchability of fertile eggs was under significant\u0000 influence of egg cleanliness (p = 0.003) and cleaning treatment (p = 0.029).\u0000 Significant influence of shell cleanliness (p = 0.000) and cleaning\u0000 treatment (p = 0.000) on egg contamination was also observed. Early, middle\u0000 and total embryonic mortality were not significantly influenced by shell\u0000 cleanliness and cleaning treatment, in contrast to late mortality which was\u0000 under significant influence of egg cleanliness (p = 0.028). The number of\u0000 first grade chicks per incubator tray was significantly influenced by egg\u0000 cleanliness (p = 0.018). Chick weight and length were not significantly\u0000 affected by shell cleanliness and cleaning treatment. The study showed that\u0000 washed eggs had a higher weight loss compared to intact and scraped eggs.\u0000 Dirty eggs had a lower hatchability, a higher percentage of contamination\u0000 and late mortality as well as a lower number of first grade chicks per\u0000 incubation tray, compared to clean eggs. Cleaning treatments did not have a\u0000 significantly positive effect on the incubation results of either clean or\u0000 dirty eggs. Washing treatment had a particularly negative effect on dirty\u0000 eggs as they had reduced hatchability and increased contamination. The\u0000 absence of a positive effect of scraping and washing treatment on the\u0000 incubation results makes justification of these cleaning treatments for\u0000 floor eggs doubtful.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"1961 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129468794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Caro-Petrovic, D. Ružić-Muslić, Nevena Maksimović, Bogdan Cekić, I. Ćosić, M. Selionova, M. Petrović
DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.
{"title":"Some aspects of DNA analysis in the selection of small ruminants","authors":"V. Caro-Petrovic, D. Ružić-Muslić, Nevena Maksimović, Bogdan Cekić, I. Ćosić, M. Selionova, M. Petrović","doi":"10.2298/bah2103161c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2103161c","url":null,"abstract":"DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and\u0000 successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is\u0000 becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In\u0000 recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the\u0000 results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic\u0000 distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance.\u0000 Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is\u0000 becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips\u0000 brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the\u0000 genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and\u0000 Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and\u0000 production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections\u0000 in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower\u0000 pace compared to cattle breeding.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127247986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Petričević, D. Nikšić, N. Delić, T. Stamenic, V. Petričević, L. Samolovac, Violeta Mandić
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of adding flax seed to the cattle diet in the final stage of fattening. A total of 30 male Simmental cattle of uniform initial weight were selected for the trial, which were divided into 2 groups (KON (control) and LS (experimental)). Animals in the control group did not consume flax seed as a dietary supplement, and animals in the experimental group consumed flax seeds in the amount of 3.75% of the concentrated portion of the meal in the last 90 days of fattening, i.e 300 g per day. After slaughtering and cooling, the left carcass side was cut into basic parts according to the Regulation. The study included examination of the tissue fraction of parts of the carcass of the young, determined by dissection. The results of the study showed that the addition of flax seed in the diet had no statistically significant effect on the composition of the carcass parts of the young bulls at the end of the experiment.
本试验旨在探讨在育肥后期在牛饲粮中添加亚麻籽的效果。试验选用初始体重均匀的西门塔尔公牛30头，分为对照组(KON)和试验组(LS)。对照组不添加亚麻籽，试验组在育肥期最后90天按饲粮浓缩部分的3.75%，即300 g / d添加亚麻籽。在屠宰和冷却后，将左侧胴体按规定切割成基本部分。这项研究包括检查幼鱼胴体部分的组织部分，通过解剖确定。研究结果表明，日粮中添加亚麻籽对试验结束时犊牛胴体部位组成无显著影响。
{"title":"The study of the share of tissues in bovine carcass parts under the influence of the flaxseed diet","authors":"M. Petričević, D. Nikšić, N. Delić, T. Stamenic, V. Petričević, L. Samolovac, Violeta Mandić","doi":"10.2298/bah2002155p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2002155p","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of adding flax seed\u0000 to the cattle diet in the final stage of fattening. A total of 30 male\u0000 Simmental cattle of uniform initial weight were selected for the trial,\u0000 which were divided into 2 groups (KON (control) and LS (experimental)).\u0000 Animals in the control group did not consume flax seed as a dietary\u0000 supplement, and animals in the experimental group consumed flax seeds in the\u0000 amount of 3.75% of the concentrated portion of the meal in the last 90 days\u0000 of fattening, i.e 300 g per day. After slaughtering and cooling, the left\u0000 carcass side was cut into basic parts according to the Regulation. The study\u0000 included examination of the tissue fraction of parts of the carcass of the\u0000 young, determined by dissection. The results of the study showed that the\u0000 addition of flax seed in the diet had no statistically significant effect on\u0000 the composition of the carcass parts of the young bulls at the end of the\u0000 experiment.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zutic, D. Vojinovic, S. Stanojević, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević, J. Kureljusic, L. Spalević
Q-fever is antropozoonosis which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, obligate intracellular pathogen. The most significant characteristics of this pathogen are resistance and stability in the environment, possibility of aerosol dissemination, and very low infective dose. C. burnetii can infect domestic and wild animals, rodents, birds and ticks. Q fever in animals is generally asymptomatic, although it can lead to reproductive disorders during pregnancy. The main route of infection in humans is inhalation of contaminated aerosol and dust. Serological studies have shown the presence of antibodies to C. burnetii in the serum samples of cattle in Belgrade epizootiological area. Seroprevalence of 18% was found in farm bred cattle, while it was only 1.5% in individual breeding. In farm bred cows that have suffered abortion prevalence was 49%, and only 1.9% in individual breeding. The overall results indicate that the circulation of this pathogen in cattle, in Belgrade epizootiological area, poses a health risk, not only to the cattle, but also to the humans, especially persons working with animals. Q fever control programs most often recommend serological research and vaccination of animals. Accordingly, it is necessary to define a strategy for the implementation of biosecurity measures and preventive measures against Q fever.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle in the Belgrade epizootiological area","authors":"J. Zutic, D. Vojinovic, S. Stanojević, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević, J. Kureljusic, L. Spalević","doi":"10.2298/bah2003359z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2003359z","url":null,"abstract":"Q-fever is antropozoonosis which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, obligate\u0000 intracellular pathogen. The most significant characteristics of this\u0000 pathogen are resistance and stability in the environment, possibility of\u0000 aerosol dissemination, and very low infective dose. C. burnetii can infect\u0000 domestic and wild animals, rodents, birds and ticks. Q fever in animals is\u0000 generally asymptomatic, although it can lead to reproductive disorders\u0000 during pregnancy. The main route of infection in humans is inhalation of\u0000 contaminated aerosol and dust. Serological studies have shown the presence\u0000 of antibodies to C. burnetii in the serum samples of cattle in Belgrade\u0000 epizootiological area. Seroprevalence of 18% was found in farm bred cattle,\u0000 while it was only 1.5% in individual breeding. In farm bred cows that have\u0000 suffered abortion prevalence was 49%, and only 1.9% in individual breeding.\u0000 The overall results indicate that the circulation of this pathogen in\u0000 cattle, in Belgrade epizootiological area, poses a health risk, not only to\u0000 the cattle, but also to the humans, especially persons working with animals.\u0000 Q fever control programs most often recommend serological research and\u0000 vaccination of animals. Accordingly, it is necessary to define a strategy\u0000 for the implementation of biosecurity measures and preventive measures\u0000 against Q fever.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125755952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alpaca domestication took place more than 6000 years ago. The Indians of Peru discerned the potential in these animals, tamed them and began to breed. In the past, alpacas were called the ?Inca gold?: they could provide people with all the necessary resources for living. People dressed in skins, ate meat, spun wool and made clothes, and used manure as fuel. An increase in the number of livestock on the Russian Alpaca and Capri farms favorably affects the further distribution of alpaca as a species in Russia. The possibility of recognition of alpaca as an agricultural animal will be the sale of wool, its processing, as well as the rejection of imported raw materials.
{"title":"Biological features and productivity of Alpaca","authors":"I. A. Ponomareva, N. Sycheva","doi":"10.2298/bah1904417p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1904417p","url":null,"abstract":"Alpaca domestication took place more than 6000 years ago. The Indians of Peru\u0000 discerned the potential in these animals, tamed them and began to breed. In\u0000 the past, alpacas were called the ?Inca gold?: they could provide people\u0000 with all the necessary resources for living. People dressed in skins, ate\u0000 meat, spun wool and made clothes, and used manure as fuel. An increase in\u0000 the number of livestock on the Russian Alpaca and Capri farms favorably\u0000 affects the further distribution of alpaca as a species in Russia. The\u0000 possibility of recognition of alpaca as an agricultural animal will be the\u0000 sale of wool, its processing, as well as the rejection of imported raw\u0000 materials.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"591 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123142553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snežana Paskaš, J. Miočinović, B. Vejnović, Z. Becskei
The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kg??DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kg??DM), pasture (185.30g kg?? DM), and alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg??DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition, including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures for the crude protein content (p<0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g kg??DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition and significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg??DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg??DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most soluble materials during May and June and their content was related inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must be considered and established.
{"title":"The nutritional quality of feedstuffs used in dairy goat nutrition in Vojvodina","authors":"Snežana Paskaš, J. Miočinović, B. Vejnović, Z. Becskei","doi":"10.2298/BAH1902163P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1902163P","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive\u0000 values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats\u0000 nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one\u0000 organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed\u0000 forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein\u0000 content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage\u0000 (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kg??DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.)\u0000 (159.99-184.17g kg??DM), pasture (185.30g kg?? DM), and alfalfa hay\u0000 (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg??DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates\u0000 and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and\u0000 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition,\u0000 including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and\u0000 moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a\u0000 high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures\u0000 for the crude protein content (p<0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g\u0000 kg??DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition\u0000 and significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent\u0000 fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg??DM; ADL:\u0000 27.98-52.54g kg??DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most\u0000 soluble materials during May and June and their content was related\u0000 inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated\u0000 farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For\u0000 the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed\u0000 on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must\u0000 be considered and established.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kučević, S. Trivunović, Z. Soronja, D. Janković, D. Stanojević, R. Djedović, T. Papović
The objective of this research was to determine the association between age at first calving (AFC) and milk production in the first lactation of longevity traits for Holstein cows. The research was conducted on 2307 cows raised on 4 farms in AP Vojvodina. The cows were culled in the period from 2017 to 2018. The cows belonged to the group of Holstein Friesian breed of cattle. Cow longevity was observed using three parameters: number of lactations (NL), lifetime milk yield (LMY) and length of productive life (LPL). The research involved the influence of the farm on which the animals realized their production, the season of first calving. A mean value obtained for the length of productive life in the analysed population was 1207 days (3.30 years on average). During this period the animals on average realized 2.45 lactations and produced on average 18798 kg milk. All studied traits showed a high level of variability. From these data, the study sought to determine the influence of factors on the traits of longevity, our research present that studied factors showed high statistical significance on these traits except in the case of the season of first calving where a statistical significance effect wasn?t observed. The season of first calving did not affect the animal traits for longevity and, generally, didn?t affect the calving interval. Regarding the obtained correlation data between age at first calving and length of productive life, it can be concluded that belated AFC leads to reduced reproductive performance.
{"title":"Association between age at first calving and milk production in first lactation on longevity traits in Holstein cows","authors":"D. Kučević, S. Trivunović, Z. Soronja, D. Janković, D. Stanojević, R. Djedović, T. Papović","doi":"10.2298/bah2001027k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001027k","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the association between age\u0000 at first calving (AFC) and milk production in the first lactation of\u0000 longevity traits for Holstein cows. The research was conducted on 2307 cows\u0000 raised on 4 farms in AP Vojvodina. The cows were culled in the period from\u0000 2017 to 2018. The cows belonged to the group of Holstein Friesian breed of\u0000 cattle. Cow longevity was observed using three parameters: number of\u0000 lactations (NL), lifetime milk yield (LMY) and length of productive life\u0000 (LPL). The research involved the influence of the farm on which the animals\u0000 realized their production, the season of first calving. A mean value\u0000 obtained for the length of productive life in the analysed population was\u0000 1207 days (3.30 years on average). During this period the animals on average\u0000 realized 2.45 lactations and produced on average 18798 kg milk. All studied\u0000 traits showed a high level of variability. From these data, the study sought\u0000 to determine the influence of factors on the traits of longevity, our\u0000 research present that studied factors showed high statistical significance\u0000 on these traits except in the case of the season of first calving where a\u0000 statistical significance effect wasn?t observed. The season of first calving\u0000 did not affect the animal traits for longevity and, generally, didn?t affect\u0000 the calving interval. Regarding the obtained correlation data between age at\u0000 first calving and length of productive life, it can be concluded that\u0000 belated AFC leads to reduced reproductive performance.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128648413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pollen substitute is a valuable resource to maintain bee colonies strong and healthy, in the absence of pollen in sufficient quantities in nature. Hence, the current study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary proteins and silymarin (SM) as a natural antioxidant, on honey bee worker colonies. The study was carried out as a completely randomized design in an experiment conducted using 36 honey bee colonies in a completely randomized design with nine experimental treatments (four levels of crude protein 0, 20, 30 and 40%, two levels of silymarin 0 and 0.2 mM and pure pollen (control)), and four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in autumn 2015. In current study parameters such as workers in sealed broods, newborn workers bee weight, body protein and, the amount of development of Hypopharyngeal gland surface were studied. Soybean meal, maize and wheat gluten were included as pollen substitutes. Based on the results of the pre-experiment, SM supplement at a dose of two-tenths mM improved the survival of bees. Capped broods number using the divided box into squares with 2 ? 2 cm, newborn workers bee weight using the balance, body protein based on the percentage of body weight and development of the Hypopharyngeal gland surface using microscopes and micrometers were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in terms of laying eggs (P <0.05). The highest and lowest rate of workers in sealed broods were related to treatment containing 30% protein and SM (12467 cells) and sucrose treatment (2042 cells), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest newborn workers bee weight were related to pollen treatment and the sucrose treatment, respectively (P <0.05). Body protein of worker bees in studied treatments had significant differences (P <0.05), so that the widest and narrowest percent body protein were observed in a diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. The Hypopharyngeal gland surface in the colonies fed with different diets was significantly different (P<0.05) and the widest and narrowest of its surface were observed in the diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. According to the current results, to maximize the reproduction of bees, a diet containing 30% crude protein is proposed.
{"title":"The effects of different levels of protein and silymarin on the population growth and hypopharyngeal gland surface of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera meda)","authors":"S. Mohammad, M. Sari, G. Tahmasbi, M. Chaji","doi":"10.2298/bah2003341h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2003341h","url":null,"abstract":"A pollen substitute is a valuable resource to maintain bee colonies strong and healthy, in the absence of pollen in sufficient quantities in nature. Hence, the current study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary proteins and silymarin (SM) as a natural antioxidant, on honey bee worker colonies. The study was carried out as a completely randomized design in an experiment conducted using 36 honey bee colonies in a completely randomized design with nine experimental treatments (four levels of crude protein 0, 20, 30 and 40%, two levels of silymarin 0 and 0.2 mM and pure pollen (control)), and four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in autumn 2015. In current study parameters such as workers in sealed broods, newborn workers bee weight, body protein and, the amount of development of Hypopharyngeal gland surface were studied. Soybean meal, maize and wheat gluten were included as pollen substitutes. Based on the results of the pre-experiment, SM supplement at a dose of two-tenths mM improved the survival of bees. Capped broods number using the divided box into squares with 2 ? 2 cm, newborn workers bee weight using the balance, body protein based on the percentage of body weight and development of the Hypopharyngeal gland surface using microscopes and micrometers were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in terms of laying eggs (P <0.05). The highest and lowest rate of workers in sealed broods were related to treatment containing 30% protein and SM (12467 cells) and sucrose treatment (2042 cells), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest newborn workers bee weight were related to pollen treatment and the sucrose treatment, respectively (P <0.05). Body protein of worker bees in studied treatments had significant differences (P <0.05), so that the widest and narrowest percent body protein were observed in a diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. The Hypopharyngeal gland surface in the colonies fed with different diets was significantly different (P<0.05) and the widest and narrowest of its surface were observed in the diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. According to the current results, to maximize the reproduction of bees, a diet containing 30% crude protein is proposed.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Popović, V. Davidovic, Ivana Božičković, B. Stojanovic, Bojan Ivanovic, M. Bojanić-Rašović
The aim of this study was to determine the change in the value of morpho-metric parameters of antlers and the total trophy score in relation to the age of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The study was conducted on 228 roe deer trophies from the "Barajevska reka" hunting ground in Serbia, aged one to seven years. From the second to the fourth year, the growth of antlers was the most intense, and the differences compared to one year old animals were significant (P <0.001). The highest average length of the branches was monitored in six years old animals (22.4 ? 2.05 cm), with significant differences (P <0.001) compared to younger animals, except for the three years old animals (P>0.05). From the second to the fifth year, a gradual increase in antler weight (from 192.2 ? 30.41 g to 221.9 ? 61.86 g) and antler volume (from 74 cm3 to 90 cm3) was observed, with the highest values of antler weight (291.8 ? 58.43 g and 319.1 ? 98.89 g, respectively) and antler volume (123.8 cm3 and 121.2 cm3) in six and seven year old animals. Overall trophy scores increased from year one to year seven (42.6 ? 7.86 vs 97.4 ? 27.40), with differences in trophy scores for animals aged six and seven years significantly greater than for animals aged one to five years (P <0.001). The highest quality antlers have six and seven year olds, at which time their hunting should be conducted.
本研究的目的是确定鹿角形态参数值和战利品总得分随鹿龄的变化。这项研究是对来自塞尔维亚“Barajevska reka”狩猎场的228只鹿进行的，年龄在1到7岁之间。第2 ~第4年鹿角生长最为强烈，与1岁相比差异显著(P < 0.05)。从第二年到第五年，鹿角重量逐渐增加(从192.2 ?30.41 g到221.9 g ?鹿茸体积从74 ~ 90 cm3不等，其中鹿茸质量最大值为291.8 ?58.43 g和319.1 g ?6岁和7岁鹿茸体积分别为123.8 cm3和121.2 cm3。从第一年到第七年，奖杯总得分增加了42.6 ?7.86 vs 97.4 ?27.40)， 6岁和7岁动物的战利品得分差异显著大于1 ~ 5岁动物(P <0.001)。最优质的鹿角有六到七岁，在这个时候应该进行狩猎。
{"title":"Change of antlers morpho-metric parameters and total trophy score in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in relation to age","authors":"Z. Popović, V. Davidovic, Ivana Božičković, B. Stojanovic, Bojan Ivanovic, M. Bojanić-Rašović","doi":"10.2298/bah2002225p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2002225p","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the change in the value of\u0000 morpho-metric parameters of antlers and the total trophy score in relation\u0000 to the age of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The study was conducted on\u0000 228 roe deer trophies from the \"Barajevska reka\" hunting ground in Serbia,\u0000 aged one to seven years. From the second to the fourth year, the growth of\u0000 antlers was the most intense, and the differences compared to one year old\u0000 animals were significant (P <0.001). The highest average length of the\u0000 branches was monitored in six years old animals (22.4 ? 2.05 cm), with\u0000 significant differences (P <0.001) compared to younger animals, except for\u0000 the three years old animals (P>0.05). From the second to the fifth year, a\u0000 gradual increase in antler weight (from 192.2 ? 30.41 g to 221.9 ? 61.86 g)\u0000 and antler volume (from 74 cm3 to 90 cm3) was observed, with the highest\u0000 values of antler weight (291.8 ? 58.43 g and 319.1 ? 98.89 g, respectively)\u0000 and antler volume (123.8 cm3 and 121.2 cm3) in six and seven year old\u0000 animals. Overall trophy scores increased from year one to year seven (42.6 ?\u0000 7.86 vs 97.4 ? 27.40), with differences in trophy scores for animals aged\u0000 six and seven years significantly greater than for animals aged one to five\u0000 years (P <0.001). The highest quality antlers have six and seven year olds,\u0000 at which time their hunting should be conducted.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128783983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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