The technology pervades every aspect of business operations, making it impossible for any organization to evade its presence. The delight of the customer is now the priority of the organization. Adopting the sustainable practice of using fintech to facilitate the customer with ease is the game now for every bank in Pakistan and it needs serious attention. This study explored this gap and added facilitation aspect of green banking practices to the loop. Without the sustainable developmental goals-SDG, no business sees its future growing. Adoption of fintech is one of them. State Bank of Pakistan also promulgated green banking regulation in 2017, which forces the banks to adopt green banking practices in finance, operational, and daily routines of the personnel. Our explanatory, quantitative study assessed the effect of fintech on sustainable green practices and the bank's green practice activities as a mediator through a questionnaire consisting of 31 questions filled by 302 banking professionals in Karachi, Pakistan, & found that the green banking activities mediated the relationship between the fintech adoption and sustainable banking practices but the direct effect of fintech is found to be insignificant as local environment and the mindset of the employee is not ready for it. The study provide vauable information and recommendations.
{"title":"FINTECH'S ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE BANKING PERFORMANCE: ARE GREEN BANKING POLICIES DRIVING SUSTAINABILITY IN PAKISTAN'S BANKING SYSTEM?","authors":"Samina Naz, Muhammad Asif, Salman Hameed","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-04","url":null,"abstract":"The technology pervades every aspect of business operations, making it impossible for any organization to evade its presence. The delight of the customer is now the priority of the organization. Adopting the sustainable practice of using fintech to facilitate the customer with ease is the game now for every bank in Pakistan and it needs serious attention. This study explored this gap and added facilitation aspect of green banking practices to the loop. Without the sustainable developmental goals-SDG, no business sees its future growing. Adoption of fintech is one of them. State Bank of Pakistan also promulgated green banking regulation in 2017, which forces the banks to adopt green banking practices in finance, operational, and daily routines of the personnel. Our explanatory, quantitative study assessed the effect of fintech on sustainable green practices and the bank's green practice activities as a mediator through a questionnaire consisting of 31 questions filled by 302 banking professionals in Karachi, Pakistan, & found that the green banking activities mediated the relationship between the fintech adoption and sustainable banking practices but the direct effect of fintech is found to be insignificant as local environment and the mindset of the employee is not ready for it. The study provide vauable information and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to analysis financial literacy level and financial planning for retirement willingness of academicians in public universities of KP. Financial planning for the retirement and financial literacy has been a discussionable topic among researcher in the recent times because of their contribution in planning for peaceful life after retirement. In this paper researcher analyze financial planning for retirement and level of financial literacy academicians in public universities of KP, Pakistan. Quantitative research design was used and data was collected by using survey approach via convenient sampling. Questionnaire was distributed among sampled population of 275 different scale teachers. After analysis by using SPSS 25v findings elaborates positive and significant association among the study variables. The findings reveals that academicians who have enough financial knowledge are worried & steps forward for future financial strategies for life after retirement. They are looking for investment which will give them good & save returns in future. Results of study are helpful for financial institutions & government to divert focus toward financial literacy of individuals which helps them in making financial plans for retirement effectively. Faculty could use study's findings to develop curriculum that addresses impact of financial literacy on financial planning for retirement outcomes.
{"title":"FINANCIAL LITERACY & FINANCIAL PLANNING FOR RETIREMENT IN PAKISTAN: CASE OF ACADEMICIANS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF KP","authors":"Jazish-Ul-Wahab Bhabha, Raza Ullah Shah","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-06","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analysis financial literacy level and financial planning for retirement willingness of academicians in public universities of KP. Financial planning for the retirement and financial literacy has been a discussionable topic among researcher in the recent times because of their contribution in planning for peaceful life after retirement. In this paper researcher analyze financial planning for retirement and level of financial literacy academicians in public universities of KP, Pakistan. Quantitative research design was used and data was collected by using survey approach via convenient sampling. Questionnaire was distributed among sampled population of 275 different scale teachers. After analysis by using SPSS 25v findings elaborates positive and significant association among the study variables. The findings reveals that academicians who have enough financial knowledge are worried & steps forward for future financial strategies for life after retirement. They are looking for investment which will give them good & save returns in future. Results of study are helpful for financial institutions & government to divert focus toward financial literacy of individuals which helps them in making financial plans for retirement effectively. Faculty could use study's findings to develop curriculum that addresses impact of financial literacy on financial planning for retirement outcomes.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tauqeer Abdullah, Anwar Ul Haq, Abdul Wahid Qureshi
The study aimed to identify the ways in which social media was misused among secondary school students and how students could be prevented by teachers and parents developing some preventive strategies. This was a quantitative study conducted under a survey research design. All 10th grade students and teachers of secondary schools in Sargodha division, Punjab, Pakistan, made up the total population of the study. A total of 400 individuals were sampled, and of those, 52 teachers and 348 parents provided responses. The data was collected with the help of a self-made questionnaire built on a 5-point Likert scale. In the results, significant evidences of social media misuse were found among students. The study also discovered a substantial impact of parents and teachers’ preventive measures on students’ social media misuse (R2 = 0.72), F (1, 197) = 69.55), p < .001. In conclusion, teachers and parents played an effective role in keeping students from misusing social media by developing some preventive strategies. However, parents and teachers who are unaware of children’s misuse of social media should contribute to preventing them from misusing it.
该研究旨在确定中学生滥用社交媒体的方式，以及教师和家长如何制定一些预防策略来防止学生滥用社交媒体。这是一项定量研究，采用调查研究设计。巴基斯坦旁遮普省萨戈达省中学的所有10年级学生和教师构成了研究的总人数。共有400人接受了抽样调查，其中52名教师和348名家长提供了回复。数据是通过一份自制的李克特5分制问卷收集的。结果显示，在学生中发现了滥用社交媒体的显著证据。研究还发现，家长和教师的预防措施对学生滥用社交媒体有实质性的影响(R2 = 0.72)， F (1,197) = 69.55)， p <措施。总之，老师和家长通过制定一些预防策略，在防止学生滥用社交媒体方面发挥了有效的作用。然而，没有意识到孩子们滥用社交媒体的家长和老师应该帮助防止他们滥用社交媒体。
{"title":"ASSESSING THE ROLE OF TEACHERS & PARENTS IN DEVELOPING STRATEGIES AGAINST SOCIAL MEDIA MISUSE AMONG STUDENTS","authors":"Tauqeer Abdullah, Anwar Ul Haq, Abdul Wahid Qureshi","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-07","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify the ways in which social media was misused among secondary school students and how students could be prevented by teachers and parents developing some preventive strategies. This was a quantitative study conducted under a survey research design. All 10th grade students and teachers of secondary schools in Sargodha division, Punjab, Pakistan, made up the total population of the study. A total of 400 individuals were sampled, and of those, 52 teachers and 348 parents provided responses. The data was collected with the help of a self-made questionnaire built on a 5-point Likert scale. In the results, significant evidences of social media misuse were found among students. The study also discovered a substantial impact of parents and teachers’ preventive measures on students’ social media misuse (R2 = 0.72), F (1, 197) = 69.55), p < .001. In conclusion, teachers and parents played an effective role in keeping students from misusing social media by developing some preventive strategies. However, parents and teachers who are unaware of children’s misuse of social media should contribute to preventing them from misusing it.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study argues that Nicos Poulantzas presents nuanced understanding of the state and its mechanisms in capitalist societies. Unlike conventional Marxist perspectives that view the state merely as a tool of oppression for the ruling class, Poulantzas's approach recognizes the potential for popular participation in socialist transformation. His standpoint emphasizes the state as a site of class struggle and highlights its role in establishing, maintaining, and perpetuating the relations of production. It stresses the significance of developing new political subjectivities to challenge the existing structures of power and domination. Poulantzas acknowledges complexities inherent in the state within capitalist societies and rejects deterministic interpretations of its function. He focuses on the various forms of exploitation experienced by subordinate classes across economic, political, and ideological domains. His ideas offer valuable insights into influence of state on socio-economic structures, contributing to debates about the role and purpose of the state. Study offered significant information in reaching conclusion and extracting recommendations.
{"title":"POULANTZAS's PARADIGM: RECONCEPTUALIZING POWER AND CLASS IN THE CAPITALIST STATE","authors":"Tariq Rahim","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study argues that Nicos Poulantzas presents nuanced understanding of the state and its mechanisms in capitalist societies. Unlike conventional Marxist perspectives that view the state merely as a tool of oppression for the ruling class, Poulantzas's approach recognizes the potential for popular participation in socialist transformation. His standpoint emphasizes the state as a site of class struggle and highlights its role in establishing, maintaining, and perpetuating the relations of production. It stresses the significance of developing new political subjectivities to challenge the existing structures of power and domination. Poulantzas acknowledges complexities inherent in the state within capitalist societies and rejects deterministic interpretations of its function. He focuses on the various forms of exploitation experienced by subordinate classes across economic, political, and ideological domains. His ideas offer valuable insights into influence of state on socio-economic structures, contributing to debates about the role and purpose of the state. Study offered significant information in reaching conclusion and extracting recommendations.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to examine significant influence of green banking practices on the environmental performance of banks, while also exploring the intermediary role of green finance. Iplementation of green banking practices, which include employee-related, operation-related, and customer-related initiatives, significantly influences environmental impact of banks. It is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship amid these practices and their impact on environmental performance in framework of sustainable banking. In order to accomplish these aims, thorough empirical investigation was undertaken. Research used a standardized questionnaire survey method to gather data from a heterogeneous sample of the banks operating in different geographical areas. Study used statistical methods, namely regression analysis as well as mediation analysis, to investigate the associations and mediation effects within conceptual framework. Results of study are statistically significant. Research revealed a significant mediating influence of green financing on the relationship between green banking practices and the environmental performance of banks. This highlights the crucial role of funding in translating sustainable activities into measurable environmental results.
{"title":"GREEN FINANCE BRIDGES THE GAP: IMPACT OF GREEN BANKING PRACTICES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE","authors":"Aamir Sohail, Ahmad Saeed, Nazakat Khan","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-10","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to examine significant influence of green banking practices on the environmental performance of banks, while also exploring the intermediary role of green finance. Iplementation of green banking practices, which include employee-related, operation-related, and customer-related initiatives, significantly influences environmental impact of banks. It is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship amid these practices and their impact on environmental performance in framework of sustainable banking. In order to accomplish these aims, thorough empirical investigation was undertaken. Research used a standardized questionnaire survey method to gather data from a heterogeneous sample of the banks operating in different geographical areas. Study used statistical methods, namely regression analysis as well as mediation analysis, to investigate the associations and mediation effects within conceptual framework. Results of study are statistically significant. Research revealed a significant mediating influence of green financing on the relationship between green banking practices and the environmental performance of banks. This highlights the crucial role of funding in translating sustainable activities into measurable environmental results.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Learning another language which is crucial for academic and professional purposes has been an important focus of research. While learning second language, certain forces related to the language affect this process. One of those forces is the interest of this study. Thus, current study investigates how the mother tongue affects students writing abilities, who are taking English as a compulsory subject in middle school whose native languages are Urdu and Punjabi. Without language, education process in classroom would not be possible. Students experience difficulties in native language when speaking and writing English due to interference. Current research focuses on influence of mother tongue on Pakistani pupils' development of writing skills while studying English as compulsory subject in the classroom. A random sample of 50 pupils in grades 6, 7, & 8 aged amid 11-14 years was chosen from 3 schools, all speaking Urdu & Punjabi as their mother tongues. The Contrastive Analysis Model developed by Robert Lado (1957), proposed by Ellis (1985) was used to analyse data. Results reveal that errors in word order, grammar, & spelling were caused by L1's interference in pupils' writing in target language. Findings suggest that teachers should do the need analysis of the students at beginning of sessions with help of relevant and appropriate tools.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF MOTHER TONGUE ON DEVELOPMENT OF L2 WRITING SKILLS AMONG MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS","authors":"Sadia Mushtaq, Muzammil Haider, Nayyer Hassan","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-09","url":null,"abstract":"Learning another language which is crucial for academic and professional purposes has been an important focus of research. While learning second language, certain forces related to the language affect this process. One of those forces is the interest of this study. Thus, current study investigates how the mother tongue affects students writing abilities, who are taking English as a compulsory subject in middle school whose native languages are Urdu and Punjabi. Without language, education process in classroom would not be possible. Students experience difficulties in native language when speaking and writing English due to interference. Current research focuses on influence of mother tongue on Pakistani pupils' development of writing skills while studying English as compulsory subject in the classroom. A random sample of 50 pupils in grades 6, 7, & 8 aged amid 11-14 years was chosen from 3 schools, all speaking Urdu & Punjabi as their mother tongues. The Contrastive Analysis Model developed by Robert Lado (1957), proposed by Ellis (1985) was used to analyse data. Results reveal that errors in word order, grammar, & spelling were caused by L1's interference in pupils' writing in target language. Findings suggest that teachers should do the need analysis of the students at beginning of sessions with help of relevant and appropriate tools.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research paper highlights effect of leadership styles of school heads on overall school performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this drive, to determine connection between leadership styles & school performance, study used both qualitative & quantitative approaches. Two samples—N1 276—consisting of school heads from 276 schools and (N2 552), consisting of 552 senior school teachers participated in study using the proportionate stratified random sampling. Study explored and analyzed the relationship between the two variables, namely leadership styles of school heads and school performance. The study found that democratic, transformational, transactional and charismatic leadership styles have a positive impact on school performance with calculated values of Pearson Correlation of 0.618, 0.546, 0.422 and 0.412; while autocratic and laissez fair leadership styles were found to have negative impacts on the school performance having negative coefficients of -0.478 and -0.622. The study suggests that school heads should be educated, that training and skills can be provided to all secondary school heads, that the seminars can be regularly organised by parent department for school heads to improve capacity, and that parent Teacher Councils can be strengthened and updated to ensure parental participation in school activities.
{"title":"LEADERSHIP STYLES OF SCHOOL HEADS AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KP, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Khan, Hamid Khan Niazi","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-05","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper highlights effect of leadership styles of school heads on overall school performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this drive, to determine connection between leadership styles & school performance, study used both qualitative & quantitative approaches. Two samples—N1 276—consisting of school heads from 276 schools and (N2 552), consisting of 552 senior school teachers participated in study using the proportionate stratified random sampling. Study explored and analyzed the relationship between the two variables, namely leadership styles of school heads and school performance. The study found that democratic, transformational, transactional and charismatic leadership styles have a positive impact on school performance with calculated values of Pearson Correlation of 0.618, 0.546, 0.422 and 0.412; while autocratic and laissez fair leadership styles were found to have negative impacts on the school performance having negative coefficients of -0.478 and -0.622. The study suggests that school heads should be educated, that training and skills can be provided to all secondary school heads, that the seminars can be regularly organised by parent department for school heads to improve capacity, and that parent Teacher Councils can be strengthened and updated to ensure parental participation in school activities.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed at investigating indirect effect of trust between leadership style and nurses performance. Population of this study was nurses working in the Qassim province in public and private sector hospitals and primary health care centers. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select sample. Total 100 completed questionnaires were received and used in statistical analysis. Reliability analysis found that questionnaires used in the study were found reliable. Moreover, trust partially mediated between idealized influence behavior attribute of the leadership while fully mediated between other attributes of the transformational leadership and nurses’ performance. It is concluded that leadership in hospitals & primary health care centers should create strong bond with nurses and win their trust to boost nurses’ performance. It is imperious for hospital management to develop better relationship to brings better outcomes. Therefore health practitioners take benefits from this study finding. The trusted leaders’ have high leadership effectiveness and they retain the productive workforce. It is recommended for the future studies to use other leadership styles as the predicting variable such as servant leadership, distributed and Ihsan based leadership styles.
{"title":"MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST IN LINKING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND NURSES’ PERFORMANCE","authors":"Yasir Hayat Mughal","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at investigating indirect effect of trust between leadership style and nurses performance. Population of this study was nurses working in the Qassim province in public and private sector hospitals and primary health care centers. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select sample. Total 100 completed questionnaires were received and used in statistical analysis. Reliability analysis found that questionnaires used in the study were found reliable. Moreover, trust partially mediated between idealized influence behavior attribute of the leadership while fully mediated between other attributes of the transformational leadership and nurses’ performance. It is concluded that leadership in hospitals & primary health care centers should create strong bond with nurses and win their trust to boost nurses’ performance. It is imperious for hospital management to develop better relationship to brings better outcomes. Therefore health practitioners take benefits from this study finding. The trusted leaders’ have high leadership effectiveness and they retain the productive workforce. It is recommended for the future studies to use other leadership styles as the predicting variable such as servant leadership, distributed and Ihsan based leadership styles.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amna Farzand Ali, Syeda Hina Batool, Khalid Mahmood
This study aims to evaluate and validate information privacy concerns scale for social networking sites. Current study identifies seven significant factors through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) which may work antecedents of information privacy concerns. Thus, in order to create a list of items for the measurement of instrument constructs, an extensive research of relevant literature was carried out. Later, the selected items were discussed with supervisors & sent to six information professionals for content validity. Pilot instrument based on literature was empirically validated by collecting the data from one hundred undergraduate students from selected universities. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm that the scale's construct validity. Furthermore, for internal reliability of the scale Cronbach's alpha coefficient was checked, the psychometric features of the 57-item measure were assessed with a group of 500 undergraduate students. Subsequently, valid & reliable 57-item Information Privacy Concerns Scale was validated, which could be tested and utilized to evaluate social networking users' information privacy concerns. This validated scale can be used in different contexts and among variant population groups to confirm its validity in the different settings.
{"title":"THE VALIDATION OF CONCERNS FOR INFORMATION PRIVACY (CFIP) SCALE FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES","authors":"Amna Farzand Ali, Syeda Hina Batool, Khalid Mahmood","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-08","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate and validate information privacy concerns scale for social networking sites. Current study identifies seven significant factors through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) which may work antecedents of information privacy concerns. Thus, in order to create a list of items for the measurement of instrument constructs, an extensive research of relevant literature was carried out. Later, the selected items were discussed with supervisors & sent to six information professionals for content validity. Pilot instrument based on literature was empirically validated by collecting the data from one hundred undergraduate students from selected universities. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm that the scale's construct validity. Furthermore, for internal reliability of the scale Cronbach's alpha coefficient was checked, the psychometric features of the 57-item measure were assessed with a group of 500 undergraduate students. Subsequently, valid & reliable 57-item Information Privacy Concerns Scale was validated, which could be tested and utilized to evaluate social networking users' information privacy concerns. This validated scale can be used in different contexts and among variant population groups to confirm its validity in the different settings.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores Chat -GPT inclusion into Pakistani higher education, addressing the issue of understanding teacher perspectives. To examine the relevance of this problem, an extensive survey involving 600 university teachers was undertaken using a positivist research paradigm. The findings show that teachers believe Chat-GPT has the ability to improve learning experiences by offering quick access to information and accommodating varied student demands. Concerns are raised, however about overreliance, ethical consequences, and possible impediments to critical thinking. These trends in data were revealed through statistical analysis, which included mean, standard deviation, correlation, and ANOVA. Concerns were raised, however, concerning the overreliance, ethical consequences, and possible barriers to critical thinking. Thus, longitudinal studies, qualitative research, thorough guidelines, and joint efforts are among the recommendations to enable the appropriate incorporation of AI technologies in education. This research adds to our understanding of the challenges of AI integration in education by highlighting need of balanced and well-informed educational methods.
{"title":"AN INVESTIGATION INTO HOW UNIVERSITY-LEVEL TEACHERS PERCEIVE CHAT-GPT IMPACT UPON STUDENT LEARNING","authors":"Ayesha Kanwal, Syeda Khadija Hassan, Iffaf Iqbal","doi":"10.51380/gujr-39-03-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-39-03-01","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores Chat -GPT inclusion into Pakistani higher education, addressing the issue of understanding teacher perspectives. To examine the relevance of this problem, an extensive survey involving 600 university teachers was undertaken using a positivist research paradigm. The findings show that teachers believe Chat-GPT has the ability to improve learning experiences by offering quick access to information and accommodating varied student demands. Concerns are raised, however about overreliance, ethical consequences, and possible impediments to critical thinking. These trends in data were revealed through statistical analysis, which included mean, standard deviation, correlation, and ANOVA. Concerns were raised, however, concerning the overreliance, ethical consequences, and possible barriers to critical thinking. Thus, longitudinal studies, qualitative research, thorough guidelines, and joint efforts are among the recommendations to enable the appropriate incorporation of AI technologies in education. This research adds to our understanding of the challenges of AI integration in education by highlighting need of balanced and well-informed educational methods.","PeriodicalId":249444,"journal":{"name":"Gomal University Journal of Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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