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Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology最新文献

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Development of a sociological way of thinking with the help of multimedia technologies on the example of Navigitel tales 多媒体技术帮助下社会学思维方式的发展——以Navigitel故事为例
Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-108-114
A. V. Kabiak, Alexander E. Shifrin
The sociological way of thinking is defined as a key mode of perceiving and evaluate social actions and as a regulator of a socialised actor performance. A model of development of the sociological way of thinking under an influence of Navigitel tales is built. Structural and functional description of the model is presented. Multimedia technologies are substantiated as a technological base for practical implementation of the built model. The potential of multimedia technologies at the development of the sociological way of thinking has been disclosed. Keys thesis of axiology and sociological essence of the Navigitel tales are formulated.
社会学的思维方式被定义为感知和评估社会行为的关键模式,并作为社会化演员表演的调节器。本文建立了一个受纳维特尔故事影响的社会学思维方式发展的模型。给出了模型的结构和功能描述。多媒体技术被证实是实际实现所建模型的技术基础。多媒体技术在社会学思维方式发展中的潜力已被揭示。阐述了《纳维特尔故事集》的价值论核心论点和社会学本质。
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引用次数: 0
Civil society and society of citizens: theoretical and methodological aspect 公民社会和公民社会:理论和方法方面
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-27-35
Georgiy M. Evelkin
The problematic characteristics of the fundamental concepts of «civil society» and «society of citizens», the origins and foundations of their formation from the standpoint of modern views on socio-political processes are considered. Such categories as socio-economic stability, socio-political situation are being explored. An attempt is made to describe social processes in their relationship with economic, spiritual, political and other manifestations of mass consciousness. The liberal and dialectical models of the state system are described.
“市民社会”和“公民社会”这两个基本概念的问题特征,以及它们形成的起源和基础,从现代社会政治过程观点的角度进行了考虑。目前正在探讨社会经济稳定、社会政治局势等类别。本文试图描述社会进程与经济、精神、政治和群众意识的其他表现形式的关系。描述了国家制度的自由主义模式和辩证模式。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualisation of reproduction and adaptive strategies in the constructivist perspective 建构主义视角下的再生产概念与适应策略
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-66-73
Dominik O. Shevchik, Ilona G. Nedelevskaya
The article highlights the relevance of finding new approaches in the conceptualisation of adaptive strategies. It is argued that the main approaches that have developed in the sociology of adaptations are characterised by two types of reductionism: one of them is associated with the primacy of objective structures over the subject, and the other with the primacy of the subject over objective structures. The article proposes a new conceptual scheme of social agents’ strategies for the reproduction of the field and adaptation in it through the theoretical resource of the language of P. Bourdieu’s structuralist constructivism. For this purpose the authors demonstrate the interrelation of such key categories as «structure», «field», «habitus», «illusio» and «doxa» in the conceptualisation of various strategies of agents with their typologisation. This step, according to the authors, gives the opportunity to avoid the two designated poles in the sociological conceptualisation of adaptations and to provide higher relevance of operationalisation of reproduction and adaptation strategies applicable for empirical research.
文章强调了在适应性策略概念化中寻找新方法的相关性。有人认为,在适应社会学中发展起来的主要方法以两种类型的还原论为特征:一种与客观结构高于主体有关,另一种与主体高于客观结构有关。本文以布迪厄的结构主义建构主义语言为理论资源,提出了社会行动者在场域再生产和适应的新概念图式。为此,作者展示了“结构”、“领域”、“习惯”、“幻觉”和“doxa”等关键类别在各种代理策略的概念化及其类型学中的相互关系。根据作者的说法,这一步骤提供了机会,以避免在适应的社会学概念化中指定的两极,并提供适用于实证研究的生殖和适应策略的操作化的更高相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Social consequences of the education digital transformation in the conditions of the coronacrisis 新冠疫情下教育数字化转型的社会影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-56-65
A. Davidovsky, Natalya V. Lapitskaya
A bioinspired quasi-molecular scenario analysis algorithm has been developed, on the basis of which seven scenarios of the social consequences of the digital transformation of education, as well as five scenarios of the development of the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, have been proposed. The scenario approach is an effective tool for system analysis and forecasting of various variants of social activity of Internet users in the conditions of the coronacrisis.
开发了一种生物启发的准分子情景分析算法,在此基础上提出了教育数字化转型的7种社会后果情景和2019冠状病毒病大流行的5种社会后果发展情景。情景分析方法是一种有效的工具,可以系统分析和预测冠状病毒疫情条件下互联网用户的各种社交活动。
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引用次数: 1
The origins of a new round of depopulation in Belarus 白俄罗斯新一轮人口减少的起源
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-36-48
A. Zlotnikov
The problems of demographic development in the Republic of Belarus are considered. Based on their analysis, it is noted that reproductive processes in the country tend to worsen. And that the country has entered a new round of depopulation. They generate depopulation processes and pose a threat to demographic security. The article analyses the results of the population census of the Republic of Belarus in 2019. The interpretation of the census data on the reproductive attitudes of Belarusian women is given. Objective and subjective factors of depopulation processes are noted. The conclusion is made about the role of the subjective factor in demographic processes and the need for an active demographic policy of the state. It is noted that the social demographic policy in recent years has ceased to be systemic and state, and is subordinated to the necessary, but departmental interests. The article formulates a provision on the implementation of demographic policy aimed at the formation of prestige of family values, focused on stimulating medium- and large-child reproductive attitudes.
审议了白俄罗斯共和国的人口发展问题。根据他们的分析,人们注意到该国的生殖过程趋于恶化。这个国家已经进入了新一轮的人口减少。它们造成人口减少的进程,并对人口安全构成威胁。本文分析了2019年白俄罗斯共和国人口普查的结果。对关于白俄罗斯妇女生育态度的普查数据作了解释。指出了人口减少过程的客观和主观因素。结论是主观因素在人口过程中的作用以及国家积极的人口政策的必要性。值得注意的是,近年来的社会人口政策已经不再是系统性和国家性的,而从属于必要的,但部门的利益。这条规定了关于实施旨在形成家庭价值观念的人口政策的规定,重点是鼓励中大龄儿童的生育态度。
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引用次数: 0
The forming of potential of youth social activity in the system of additional education 青年社会活动潜力在补充教育体系中的形成
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-97-107
A. A. Pokhomova, I. Yakovleva
The article presents a sociological analysis of the demanded by society forms of social activity of children and youth. Based on the materials of the local empirical sociological research, the role of additional education of children and youth as a unique socio-cultural practice and type of education directed to increasing the resource possibilities of the student’s personality in formation and realisation of models of prosocial behaviour. The materials of the sociological research presented in the article analyse the value-normative attitudes of students regarding the demonstration of the phenomenon of leadership as a socio-role position that ensures the effectiveness and culture of social action. The identified request for a set of knowledge and skills aimed at the development of social competencies that provide the success of a leadership position in the planning, organisation and management of socially significant youth initiatives is considered. Motivation and forms of manifestation of social activity in the implementation of initiatives of various directions are considered as an expression of the social quality of the individual, which characterises its potential and the possibility of constructive activity. The article is highlighted and analysed volunteerism as an actual social practice aimed at creating additional resources for both groups that are the perceiving side of volunteerism, and for the subjects themselves of the manifestation of socially active action and the realisation of a supportive model of prosocial behaviour.
本文从社会学的角度分析了社会对儿童和青少年社会活动形式的需求。基于当地实证社会学研究的材料,儿童和青少年的额外教育作为一种独特的社会文化实践和教育类型的作用,旨在增加学生个性信息和实现亲社会行为模式的资源可能性。文章中提出的社会学研究材料分析了学生关于领导现象的示范的价值规范态度,作为确保社会行动的有效性和文化的社会角色地位。考虑到对一套知识和技能的明确要求,旨在发展社会能力,从而在规划、组织和管理具有社会意义的青年倡议方面取得成功的领导地位。社会活动的动机和表现形式在实施各种方向的倡议中被认为是个人社会素质的一种表现,这体现了其潜力和建设性活动的可能性。这篇文章强调并分析了志愿服务作为一种实际的社会实践,旨在为志愿服务的感知方和社会积极行动的表现和亲社会行为的支持模式的实现的主体本身创造额外的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic factor of replacement of employees with PhD degrees in the Republic of Belarus 白俄罗斯共和国具有博士学位的雇员更替的人口因素
Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-49-55
Snezhana A. Boreiko
Based on the analysis of statistical data, the determining influence of the demographic factor on the level of replacement of employees with PhD degrees in the economy is substantiated. It is established that the reduction in the number of persons studying at the postgraduate school of the Republic of Belarus is of a natural nature. This trend is due to the processes of reducing the number of young people aged 17 to 24 years, who form the basis of students. Due to the reduction in the number of young people, there is an annual decrease in the number of students who have a decisive influence on the volume of training of employees with PhD degrees (there are 13.9 graduate students per 1 thousand students). Based on demographic statistics data, as well as using classification by year of birth, the recruitment of students and postgraduates to higher educational institutions until 2030 is predicted.
通过对统计数据的分析,证实了人口因素对经济中具有博士学位的员工更替水平的决定性影响。可以确定的是,在白俄罗斯共和国研究生院学习的人数减少是自然现象。这一趋势是由于作为学生基础的17至24岁青年人数减少的过程造成的。由于青年人数的减少,对培养具有博士学位的雇员的数量具有决定性影响的学生人数每年都在减少(每1000名学生中有13.9名研究生)。根据人口统计数据,并采用出生年份分类,预测了到2030年高等学校的学生和研究生招生情况。
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引用次数: 0
Mobile technologies in everyday life of Belarusians: generational differences 白俄罗斯人日常生活中的移动技术:代际差异
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-88-96
Natalia A. Yelsukova, Julia Yu. Gafarova, Tatyana V. Kupchynava
The paper presents the results of research on the nature and extent of the impact of mobile technologies on the everyday life of Belarusians. The authors show the level of introduction of mobile technologies into daily life, generational differences in their use. The article proves that in studying the introduction of mobile technologies into life, it is important not only to identify the economic effect of this implementation, but also to analyse the impact of these technologies on changing the forms of social practices, daily rhythms, and the way of life of Belarusians of different ages. Interpretation of the results of social research allows us to conclude that the majority of Belarusians follow the latest gadgets and devices. The most popular devices are mobile phones. Mobile technologies infiltrate into the daily life of Belarusians, with their help a significant number of typical practical actions are carried out. Belarusians of middle age, both according to their own assessment and according to the assessment of young people, quite quickly overcome the psychological barrier in using new devices. All respondents are emotionally attached to mobile devices and mobile applications and can no longer imagine their life without them. Belarusians of both generations positively assess the infiltration of mobile technologies into their lives, noting that using them gives the potential for self-realisation and makes life more comfortable. They see a number of risks that mobile technologies bring to everyday life, but project these risks onto representatives of other generations. For themselves, the risks are assessed by the respondents as related not to technologies as such, but to the degree of familiarity with these technologies and the presence or absence of self-regulation skills and conscious management of one’s life.
本文介绍了移动技术对白俄罗斯人日常生活影响的性质和程度的研究结果。作者展示了移动技术引入日常生活的水平,以及它们使用的代际差异。这篇文章证明,在研究将移动技术引入生活时,不仅要确定这种实施的经济影响,而且要分析这些技术对改变社会实践形式、日常节奏和不同年龄的白俄罗斯人的生活方式的影响。通过对社会研究结果的解读,我们可以得出这样的结论:大多数白俄罗斯人都在使用最新的小工具和设备。最流行的设备是移动电话。移动技术渗透到白俄罗斯人的日常生活中,在它们的帮助下,开展了大量典型的实际行动。根据白俄罗斯中年人自己和年轻人的评估,他们很快就克服了使用新设备的心理障碍。所有受访者都对移动设备和移动应用有情感上的依恋,无法想象没有它们的生活。两代白俄罗斯人都积极评价移动技术对他们生活的渗透,指出使用它们可以实现自我,使生活更舒适。他们看到了移动技术给日常生活带来的许多风险,但将这些风险投射到其他几代人的身上。对于他们自己来说,受访者评估的风险与技术本身无关,而是与对这些技术的熟悉程度以及是否存在自我调节技能和有意识地管理自己的生活有关。
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引用次数: 0
Main tendencies and trends of TV viewing among the Belarusian audience 白俄罗斯观众收看电视的主要趋势和趋势
Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-74-87
A. V. Postalovsky
The presented article is devoted to the analysis of the practice of implementing the project of national media measurement of television in the Republic of Belarus. The paper discusses in detail the methodological approach to organising media measurements of audiovisual media, analyses the results of measuring the television rating through passive measurement in the summer of 2021. Based on the audience data obtained from the peoplemetric panel, the content of the main trends and trends in television viewing by the national television audience is revealed. The object of the research search is TV viewers – respondents recruited into the panel who watch TV. Recruitment to the panel is carried out on the basis of data from the baseline survey, which was conducted in June – December 2020 to identify the structure of the TV audience.
本文旨在分析白俄罗斯共和国实施国家媒体电视计量项目的实践情况。本文详细讨论了组织视听媒体测量的方法方法,分析了2021年夏季通过被动测量测量电视收视率的结果。根据人口统计面板获得的观众数据,揭示了全国电视观众观看电视的主要趋势和趋势。研究搜索的对象是电视观众-被招募到看电视的小组的受访者。该小组的招聘工作是根据2020年6月至12月进行的基线调查的数据进行的,以确定电视观众的结构。
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引用次数: 0
«European philosophy has forgotten how to not really know»: refletion on the book by A. V. Smirnov «The logic of sense as a philosophy of mind» “欧洲哲学已经忘记了如何不真正知道”:对a.v.斯米尔诺夫《作为心灵哲学的感觉逻辑》一书的反思
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2022-2-11-17
A. Danilov
The concept of a multi-civilisational world, the philosophical foundations of which are set out in the new monograph of academician A. V. Smirnov «The logic of sense as a philosophy of mind» (2021). Historical experience and analysis of modern practice shows that a new multi-civilisational integrity will not work, as long as only the Western project is considered as the only possible perspective of modern civilisation, and its ideals and values are presented as a role model. At the same time, the implementation of the value orientations of the consumer society outside Europe generates new crises and contradictions, not fitting into the national and cultural characteristics of other countries. Therefore, the way out to the points of growth of a new civilisational integrity should be not found in the West at all, but should be explored in those cultures that have preserved the traditional soil under the influence of modernisation processes. The new civilisational world does not arise as a completed project; it grows out of the global dynamic chaos left over from the outgoing civilisation. The catalysts of civilisational changes on the way to a new integrity are values that carry changes in life meanings under the influence of social life. New risks and challenges faced by countries require timely and adequate changes. Recently, the world has faced global instability, adaptation to which has become a motive for the transition to a new model of civilisational development.
多文明世界的概念,其哲学基础在a.v.斯米尔诺夫院士的新专著《作为心灵哲学的感觉逻辑》(2021年)中提出。历史经验和对现代实践的分析表明,只要只把西方项目视为现代文明的唯一可能视角,把西方的理想和价值观作为榜样,新的多元文明的完整性是行不通的。与此同时,欧洲以外消费社会价值取向的实施产生了新的危机和矛盾,与其他国家的民族和文化特征不相适应。因此,通往新文明完整生长点的出路根本不应该在西方找到,而应该在那些在现代化进程的影响下保留了传统土壤的文化中探索。新的文明世界不是作为一项完成的工程出现的;它源于即将消亡的文明留下的全球动态混乱。在通往新的完整性的道路上,文明变革的催化剂是在社会生活的影响下承载生活意义变化的价值观。各国面临新的风险和挑战,需要及时、充分地进行变革。最近,世界面临着全球性的不稳定,适应这种不稳定已成为向新的文明发展模式过渡的动力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology
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