Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Методы моделирования социально-экономических явлений: семиотический и цепочечный анализ","authors":"Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-13-21","url":null,"abstract":"Рассматриваются методы семиотического моделирования – семиотический и цепочечный анализ. Определяется релевантность использования указанных методов для изучения социально-экономических явлений. Описываются особенности применения рассматриваемых методов на материале двух групп цепочек: группы коммуникационных, речевых, текстовых цепочек, цепочек мотивов и др.; группы знаниевых, лингвистических, социальных, стоимостных, технологических, философских, экономических и др. Показано, что отличия рассматриваемых методов обусловлены не только тем материалом, для описания которого они используются, но и другими атрибутами: а) различными целями и объектами проводимых с их помощью исследований (целью проведения семиотического анализа явля[1]ется моделирование сложных знаков для более глубокого понимания социально-экономических явлений в целом, представления таких явлений в качестве знаковых систем, кодов, текстов, дискурсов; объектом цепочечного анализа выступают социально-экономические цепочки разных типов, посредством моделирования которых изучаются многообразные социальные и экономические связи); б) ключевыми концептами, составляющими понятийную основу рассматриваемых методов (для семиотического анализа ключевыми являются концепты «код» и «текст»; для цепочечного анализа – концепты «цепная связь» и «цепочка»). Обосновывается вывод о вхождении семиотического и цепочечного анализа наряду с другими методами семиотического моделирования в состав методологического ба[1]зиса новейшего направления социологической науки – социальной семиотики.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vladimir Mironov’s metaphysics and university education transformation","authors":"A. Danilov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-58-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the specificity of philosophical knowledge, metaphysics as its semantic core and the problems of transforming modern humanitarian university education, which was developed in the work of Vladimir Mironov. V. V. Mironov is a well-known Russian scientist, doctor of philosophy, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, dean of the faculty of philosophy of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The author analyses current problems related to the role of philosophy in shaping the image of the future in modern culture, reforming university education, the consequences of introducing scientometric methods into the educational process, the readiness of higher education responding to the challenges of the times, global instability, commercialisation, digitalisation, etc. The scientific position of V. V. Mironov on topical problems of transforming modern society, its assessment and reflections on the prospects for teaching philosophy and the humanities.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115253052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categories of philosophy in researching social relationships of forms of ownership","authors":"Alexander I. Vankevich","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-22-29","url":null,"abstract":"The essence and development of forms of ownership is an insufficiently researched problem. As its analysis, we used the general methodological position of K. Marx on the nature and method of combining labour power with the means of production, namely, the interaction of its two sides, that is, the features of direct production. In this process, the essence of human activity is revealed, on the one hand, he changes the content of the means of production, and on the other hand, he develops his abilities and thereby changes the content of labour, that is, connections and relations, forms of movement of labour power and means of production are revealed in it, expressed by categories and laws. As a result of the study of the interaction of labour power with the means of production, the nature and method of combining labour power with the means of production was substantiated as a category and laws of property development. The purpose of the article is to reveal the meaning of the nature and method of combining labour power with the means of production in the development of property. The methodological basis of the research was the materialist dialectic. This article is a summary of a new system of views on the explanation of the genesis and development of ownership of the means of production.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124360414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis and society: social response and directions for reducing conflict potential in society","authors":"Georgiy M. Evelkin","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-4-12","url":null,"abstract":"The main types of society's response to crisis phenomena (anomalous, conflict, modernization) are considered. It characterizes the behavior of different categories of the population, their orientation and priorities. It is noted that the population of Belarus is most characterized by balanced behavior, oriented to the future through improvement and modernization of funds and approaches of socio-economic development. It emphasizes the need to actively study the processes taking place in society and the timely information of the authorities to make informed management decisions.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128591935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democratic criteria and American political reality","authors":"I. Antonovich","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-30-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-30-39","url":null,"abstract":"The author studies social-economic consequences of the electoral campaign in the United States for the future of the America’s Commonwealth and geopolitical consequences. The author counsel to research views of the end of the America’s century and that United States will be never the role of the leader of the west world. At the same time the author invites to assay the arguments of those researches, who counsel, that the United States will be the most powerful countryeconomically, industrially and militarily having creating functioned democratic system are able to mobilise the potential, which will recover the lost positions of the United States in the world.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121546118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology of institutional changes in university education","authors":"Marina G. Volnistaya","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the problem of institutional changes at the university as an academic system in a pandemic. The academic values of the modern university professional community include the social responsibility of the university. In the new conditions, this value dimension of the role of the university in the life of society determines the main directions of research on transformations of the university as the most important social institution. The factors of institutional sustainability of university education are determined. The author examines the role of the university in overcoming global and local risks.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value transformation of modern Belarusian society (as results of sociological research)","authors":"Iryna V. Lashuk","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-1-90-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-1-90-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the structure of the basic values of the Belarusian society using the method of constructing functional-oriented clusters of basic values by N. I. Lapin. The values that ensure the integration of the population of Belarus as a whole, as well as mediate the inclusion of the individual in the life-supporting, power-political and socio-cultural structures of society, were identified. The analysis of the degree of respondents’ support for basic values, grouped on additional grounds: according to their belonging to terminal (values-goals) or instrumental (values-means) values, and in accordance with cultural types of values (traditional, modern, universal values). It is revealed that the stable integrating core of the basic values of the Belarusian society are the values of human life and order. The recognition of the value and inviolability of human life occupies a dominant position in the hierarchy of basic values of Belarusians. The high level of support for the value of order indicates the great importance for the Belarusian society of stability and the organisation of social relations based on compliance with established laws and norms. However, the means of achievement have changed due to the increased importance of moral choice, which is expressed in the ability to help other people in need, even to the detriment of themselves, and the instrumental value of power, which is manifested in the desire to influence other people. A comparative analysis by year shows that in 2020 there was a serious increase in the importance of the universal group of values due to the decline in the demand for traditional and modern values. As in 2017, terminal values are more significant than instrumental values. Among the values-goals, the greatest support of the population in 2020 is human life, order and freedom; among the values-means – sacrifice and power. In order to study the variability of the value structure, a comparative study of the basic values of different age groups of the population was carried out. The intergenerational axiological analysis showed that in all age groups the integrating components are human life and order. At the same time, in the youth cohort, svoboda also entered the integrating core.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131326649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the USA foreign policy strategy in the aftermath of World War II: the analysis of factors and goals that shaped the reality today","authors":"A. A. Plashchinsky","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-50-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-50-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article views the process of formation of the USA foreign policy strategy as being an instrument of establishing a new world order in the aftermath of World War II. An array of information, which consists of numerous sources in English, has been introduced into the scientific circulation of Belarusian political science and translated by the author himself. These are USA foreign policy documents, archival materials, memoirs, specialised periodicals, etc. Based on system analysis of this information, the key factors that determined the formation of the USA global strategy have been identified and analysed. Among them are the following ones: military, strategic, economic, political, nuclear, messianic, personal, factor of external threat («image of enemy »), geopolitical. The medium and long-term goals of the USA foreign policy strategy in Eurasia have been identified. The system analysis of the factors, goals and geopolitical concepts used by the White House in realising its foreign policy, both during the Cold War and in its aftermath, allows tracing how did the liberal paradigm, which foundations had been formed within the historical events of the first post-war years, become a reality today. The article demonstrates that the expansion of the new world order paradigm is being accompanied by permanent economic, geopolitical and military expansion of the United States. In the framework of that expansion the territories of modern Belarus, Russia and other states of the former USSR are the stepping stones necessary to gain world leadership. From this point of view, the Cold War is not over. Yet its forms and methods have changed. Therefore, the new world order appears as being a multifaceted phenomenon projected into the informational, economic, and military-political dimensions to establish the global power of the USA in the world and that of the forces that stand behind it. It is concluded that the obeyance of the national spirit to the interests of the US foreign policy strategy is the main conceptual goal of the latter. This fact determines the nature of the modern war on consciousness. Understanding the new world order phenomenon as well as the USA foreign policy strategy as being the instrument of its establishing is necessary to ensure national security and successive development of the Belarusian state.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134458383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rating system as an element of human resource management at tertiary level","authors":"T. Bogush, Svetlana E. Selverstova, Ekaterina G. Maksimuk","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-71-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-71-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the functioning of the rating system in the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and in a number of European countries such as Poland, Portugal, Spain, where rating systems have been developed taking into account regional and national characteristics of the traditions of higher education. The authors, relying on the materials of international forums on higher education, discovered a number of patterns that broaden the understanding of the rating and the peculiarities of its functioning in various educational centers of European countries, as well as in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The Lisbon strategy also continued deepening into the practice of focusing on the base knowledge economy, where a decisive place is given to optimizing the human resources of higher education institutions in training highly qualified specialists for such an economy.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128402950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontological justification of the idea of progress","authors":"V. Smirnov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-6-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-4-6-13","url":null,"abstract":"One of the directions of ontological substantiation of the idea of progress is presented, which concerns the relationship between man and nature and the ability of man to transform it into a second nature in order to ensure a comfortable and safe life on the planet. The article presents a critique of modern approaches to the interpretation of the idea of progress, as well as justifies its objective necessity, both in knowledge and for implementation in practice. The author criticizes the old argument that imputes to the idea of progress the idea of the unchangeable direction of progressive changes, arguing that the traditional modern ideas about it have never been straightforward, since they included in the understanding of progress both forward movement and backward movement that is regression. In addition, it is shown that this idea of progress still determines the strategy of historical science today: the very fact that modern historical science rejects the idea of the so-called «dark ages», interpreted in terms of regression, indicates the ambiguous and concrete historical nature of the corresponding assessments. The article offers an understanding of progress in its ontology as a way and form of spiritual and practical relations between man and nature. Existing speculations on this issue are criticized, in particular, proclaiming the connection of the idea of progress with its ideologically coloured fault in nature pollution, global warming or cooling, ozone holes, stopping the Gulf stream. The author substantiates the idea that humanity is no longer able to exist outside of progressive development and under the influence of the idea of progress, and has a unique ideological embodiment in each historical epoch. Answering the question that concerns humanity, whether progress leads to the deterioration of the environment, the death of ecology and the destruction of the noosphere, or improves it, changes it in accordance with human needs, and who is man – the conqueror of nature or the Creator of a new, socio-natural reality, the author analyzes and justifies the objectively determined and vitally rooted ability of humanity to long projects, seeing them as a trigger for social progress. It is argued that human development occurs simultaneously with the creation of a second nature and social relations as an environment that provides local comfort zones in order to survive in a hostile natural environment. The current interpretation of the environment – nature, from the material of which a person builds a second nature – the humanized world, is criticized as exceptionally friendly, so much so that the line between the first nature and the second, humanized nature is significantly blurred. As a result, it was the second one that was often perceived as the first. According to this «ecological» vision, the idea was formed that it is man who aggressively breaks into nature, it is he who is hostile to it, destroying the environment of his habitat. The","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129813190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}