The structure of a fish population is determined by the equilibrium between growth, recruitment and total mortality. But, there is paucity of information on the growth and mortality of Mormyrus rume in Nigeria. Therefore this study is needful to determine its population parameters, with a view of evolving management strategies for its sustainable exploitation. Estimates of population parameters of Mormyrus rume were obtained from length-frequency data of 836 individuals collected monthly for a period of 24 months from January 2017 to December 2018. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length (L∞) was 100.8cm; growth coefficient (K) was 0.62/year; growth performance (Ɵ) was 3.8; length at maturity (Lm) was 52.57cm; reproductive load (Lm/L∞) was 0.52 and optimum length (Lopt) was 65.10cm. Likewise, natural, fishing and total mortalities were 0.93, 1.46 and 2.39 respectively. The values of exploitation rate (0.61) and ratio of total mortality and growth coefficient (3.85) showed that Mormyrus rume is most exploited in Ikere-gorge. Therefore, appropriate fishing regulations should be enforced to regulate fishing gears and mesh size that will fish Mormyrus rume at sustainable level. Keywords: Recruitment, mortality, growth, exploitation, length
{"title":"Population dynamics of Mormyrus rume (Valenciennes, 1847; Osteoglossiformes; Mormyridae) Of Ikere-Gorge, Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ajagbe, F. F. Ojo-Fakuade","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of a fish population is determined by the equilibrium between growth, recruitment and total mortality. But, there is paucity of information on the growth and mortality of Mormyrus rume in Nigeria. Therefore this study is needful to determine its population parameters, with a view of evolving management strategies for its sustainable exploitation. Estimates of population parameters of Mormyrus rume were obtained from length-frequency data of 836 individuals collected monthly for a period of 24 months from January 2017 to December 2018. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length (L∞) was 100.8cm; growth coefficient (K) was 0.62/year; growth performance (Ɵ) was 3.8; length at maturity (Lm) was 52.57cm; reproductive load (Lm/L∞) was 0.52 and optimum length (Lopt) was 65.10cm. Likewise, natural, fishing and total mortalities were 0.93, 1.46 and 2.39 respectively. The values of exploitation rate (0.61) and ratio of total mortality and growth coefficient (3.85) showed that Mormyrus rume is most exploited in Ikere-gorge. Therefore, appropriate fishing regulations should be enforced to regulate fishing gears and mesh size that will fish Mormyrus rume at sustainable level. \u0000Keywords: Recruitment, mortality, growth, exploitation, length","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123402552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Alamu, S. Aladele, A. Okere, S. O. Osewa, M. R. Olubiyi, M. Lee, O. B. Jolaiya, O. Hassan
Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources is essential to the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural in production zones in Nigeria. This study, therefore investigated the utilisation of recently released superior rice germplasm among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. A post- crop varietal release impact assessment was conducted in Oyo, Ekiti, Kwara and Ebonyi states of Nigeria in 2019. Structured questionnaires were administered to 120 farmers using a simple random sampling technique. Result from the study revealed that ricefarmers are mainly males, middle aged, married, with some form of education. They have medium (3-6 household member) household size with longer years of farming experiences. Inadequate capital and limited credit facilities, plant disease, birds and insect infestation are the major constraints encountered by the farmers. Result of the correlation analysis shows that there was no significant relationship between sources of planting materials and frequently planted varieties (r = 0.100 and p = 0.786). However, there was significant relationship between production constraints and frequently planted varieties (r = 0.010 and p = 0.648). It is recommended that more channels of credit facilities should be provided to rice farmers by governments at various levels to improve their level productivity. Keywords: Rice, adoption, genetic resources, utilisation, smallholder farmers
保护和可持续利用植物遗传资源对尼日利亚农业生产和生产区农村的可持续发展至关重要。因此，本研究调查了尼日利亚小农对最近发布的优质水稻种质的利用情况。2019年在尼日利亚的奥约州、埃基蒂州、夸拉州和埃邦伊州进行了作物释放影响评估。采用简单随机抽样的方法，对120名农民进行结构化问卷调查。研究结果显示，稻农主要是男性，中年，已婚，有一定程度的教育。他们的家庭规模中等(3-6名家庭成员)，具有较长的农业经验。资金不足和信贷设施有限、植物病害、鸟类和虫害是农民面临的主要制约因素。相关分析结果显示，种植材料来源与频繁种植品种之间无显著相关(r = 0.100, p = 0.786)。而产量约束与频繁种植品种之间存在显著相关(r = 0.010, p = 0.648)。建议各级政府向稻农提供更多的信贷渠道，以提高他们的水平生产力。关键词:水稻，收养，遗传资源，利用，小农
{"title":"Assessment of adoption and utilisation of superior rice germplasm by smallholder farmers in four rice producing zones of Nigeria","authors":"O. Alamu, S. Aladele, A. Okere, S. O. Osewa, M. R. Olubiyi, M. Lee, O. B. Jolaiya, O. Hassan","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources is essential to the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural in production zones in Nigeria. This study, therefore investigated the utilisation of recently released superior rice germplasm among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. A post- crop varietal release impact assessment was conducted in Oyo, Ekiti, Kwara and Ebonyi states of Nigeria in 2019. Structured questionnaires were administered to 120 farmers using a simple random sampling technique. Result from the study revealed that ricefarmers are mainly males, middle aged, married, with some form of education. They have medium (3-6 household member) household size with longer years of farming experiences. Inadequate capital and limited credit facilities, plant disease, birds and insect infestation are the major constraints encountered by the farmers. Result of the correlation analysis shows that there was no significant relationship between sources of planting materials and frequently planted varieties (r = 0.100 and p = 0.786). However, there was significant relationship between production constraints and frequently planted varieties (r = 0.010 and p = 0.648). It is recommended that more channels of credit facilities should be provided to rice farmers by governments at various levels to improve their level productivity. \u0000Keywords: Rice, adoption, genetic resources, utilisation, smallholder farmers","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124801570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ifabiyi, I. Banjoko, S. Ahmed, S. Lawal, M. Isiaka, O. Awarun
The study assessed the factors affecting entrepreneurship development among Food Marketers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and ten respondents were randomly selected in four markets in Ilorin. The data was analyzed using frequency count, percentage, mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result reveals that mean age of the respondents was 30.5 years and about 58.2% were female. Record keeping skills (mean score =2.42) was the highest ranked entrepreneurial information needs of the respondents while lack of start-up capital (mean score =2.40) was the most severe factor affecting entrepreneurial activities of food marketers. There is a weak positive significant relationship between the entrepreneurial information needs and factors affecting entrepreneurial development of the respondents (r=0.407, p=0.0001). The study recommends that there should be provision of training on entrepreneurial skills based on the identified areas of needs and there should be provision of credit facilities to the food marketers as these will enhance their productivity. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Development, Factors, Information Needs, Food Marketers, Ilorin Metropolis
{"title":"Factors affecting entrepreneurship development among the food marketers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Ifabiyi, I. Banjoko, S. Ahmed, S. Lawal, M. Isiaka, O. Awarun","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the factors affecting entrepreneurship development among Food Marketers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and ten respondents were randomly selected in four markets in Ilorin. The data was analyzed using frequency count, percentage, mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result reveals that mean age of the respondents was 30.5 years and about 58.2% were female. Record keeping skills (mean score =2.42) was the highest ranked entrepreneurial information needs of the respondents while lack of start-up capital (mean score =2.40) was the most severe factor affecting entrepreneurial activities of food marketers. There is a weak positive significant relationship between the entrepreneurial information needs and factors affecting entrepreneurial development of the respondents (r=0.407, p=0.0001). The study recommends that there should be provision of training on entrepreneurial skills based on the identified areas of needs and there should be provision of credit facilities to the food marketers as these will enhance their productivity. \u0000Keywords: Entrepreneurial Development, Factors, Information Needs, Food Marketers, Ilorin Metropolis","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114100362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigations were made to reflect the genesis and classification of soils along a toposequence in the Teaching and Research farm of Taraba State University. The topographic map of the farm was developed in the ArcGIS 10.8 environment and a profile graph plotted out. One profile pit was sunk in each elevation range to represent soils in the summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope and toe slope positions using the free survey approach. The soils were deep, well drained and generally described as A, B, C soils with extensive B horizons that showed clear illuviation of clay and sesquioxides. The soils were brown (7.5YR 3/4), dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) in the surface and dominated by sand with bulk density values that exceeded 1.5 Mg/m3. Soil pH values were moderately acid to neutral while organic C and exchangeable bases were low in all but foot slope position where high values of organic carbon were obtained in the surface soils. The content of dithionite and oxalate Fe and Al, and their derivatives indicate intense weathering condition of the soils as well as their combined movement with clay to endopedons. However, moderately high CEC and the likely presence of montmorillonite (via CECE/clay) are indications that the soils had good potentials for agriculture. Among the soil forming processes in the area were mineralization, eluviation-illuviation as well as ferritization. The soils were classified as Typic Rhodustults (Pretic Acrisols), Arenic Haplustults (Chromic Acrisols) and Paleustults (Haplic Acrisols). Keywords: pedogenesis, sesquioxides, classification, Basement Complex
{"title":"Genesis and classification of soils along a toposequence in the teaching and research farm of Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria","authors":"P. Kefas, S. Ali, K. I. Ofem, C. P. Umeugokwe","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations were made to reflect the genesis and classification of soils along a toposequence in the Teaching and Research farm of Taraba State University. The topographic map of the farm was developed in the ArcGIS 10.8 environment and a profile graph plotted out. One profile pit was sunk in each elevation range to represent soils in the summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope and toe slope positions using the free survey approach. The soils were deep, well drained and generally described as A, B, C soils with extensive B horizons that showed clear illuviation of clay and sesquioxides. The soils were brown (7.5YR 3/4), dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) in the surface and dominated by sand with bulk density values that exceeded 1.5 Mg/m3. Soil pH values were moderately acid to neutral while organic C and exchangeable bases were low in all but foot slope position where high values of organic carbon were obtained in the surface soils. The content of dithionite and oxalate Fe and Al, and their derivatives indicate intense weathering condition of the soils as well as their combined movement with clay to endopedons. However, moderately high CEC and the likely presence of montmorillonite (via CECE/clay) are indications that the soils had good potentials for agriculture. Among the soil forming processes in the area were mineralization, eluviation-illuviation as well as ferritization. The soils were classified as Typic Rhodustults (Pretic Acrisols), Arenic Haplustults (Chromic Acrisols) and Paleustults (Haplic Acrisols). \u0000Keywords: pedogenesis, sesquioxides, classification, Basement Complex","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Okolie, Chukwuemeka Ekwuribe, E. Obidiebube, C. Obasi
The impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the populations of Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species was tested at the Teaching and Research Farm of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria. Three cowpea cultivars ,Dan Kano, Borno local and Sokoto local were used as target crops on plots that received 0 l/ha(control),4000l/ha,6000l/ha and 8000l/ha levels of POME applications. The treatments combinations were randomized within each block and replicated three times. Generally, increasing level of POME application increased number of functional root nodules in all the cultivars, but decreased length of roots and number of non- functional nodules. Nematode populations drastically decreased with increase in POME quantities. Both Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species compete for establishment sites on cowpea roots and high POME rates decreased Nematode population which is why all the three cowpea cultivars had their highest yields at 8000l/ha POME application rate. So POME, an organic waste from oil palm processing can be used at up to 8000l/ha to effectively control obnoxious root knot nematode and enrich soil for crop cultivation especially Sokoto local cowpea cultivar. Keywords: POME (palm oil mill effluent), Rhizobium, Meloidogyne liters/hectare, cowpea cultivars
{"title":"Impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the populations of rhizobium and meloidogyne species in Awka, Nigeria","authors":"H. Okolie, Chukwuemeka Ekwuribe, E. Obidiebube, C. Obasi","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the populations of Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species was tested at the Teaching and Research Farm of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria. Three cowpea cultivars ,Dan Kano, Borno local and Sokoto local were used as target crops on plots that received 0 l/ha(control),4000l/ha,6000l/ha and 8000l/ha levels of POME applications. The treatments combinations were randomized within each block and replicated three times. Generally, increasing level of POME application increased number of functional root nodules in all the cultivars, but decreased length of roots and number of non- functional nodules. Nematode populations drastically decreased with increase in POME quantities. Both Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species compete for establishment sites on cowpea roots and high POME rates decreased Nematode population which is why all the three cowpea cultivars had their highest yields at 8000l/ha POME application rate. So POME, an organic waste from oil palm processing can be used at up to 8000l/ha to effectively control obnoxious root knot nematode and enrich soil for crop cultivation especially Sokoto local cowpea cultivar. \u0000Keywords: POME (palm oil mill effluent), Rhizobium, Meloidogyne liters/hectare, cowpea cultivars","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal
{"title":"Assessment of growth performance of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) fed with feed produced from blend of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) bambara groundnut (Vignasubterranea) and fish meal","authors":"C. Ishiwu, A. Opara, J. Obiegbuna, P. A. Okeke","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. \u0000Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122778750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken to evaluate the profitability micro broiler businesses in Calabar metropolis. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis, analyses selected factors which affects the profitability of micro broiler enterprises and to identify the constraints faced by micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis. It made use of primary data obtained from a random sample of 112 micro broiler operators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios, cost and return analysis and Ordinary Least Square Multiple regression approach. The cost and returns analysis showed that the total variable cost of production per cycle amounted to N45,931,670.00 with cost of feed contributing 60.11 percent to the total cost. Total production cost per bird was N1,213.77 and total revenue per bird was N1,862.39, showing a gross margin of N684.96 and a net income of N648.62 per bird produced. The rate of return on sales (0.35), rate of return on investment (0.53), rate of return on variable cost (1.55) and operating ratio (0.63) all show that micro broiler business in Calabar metropolis was profitable. Output of broiler (flock size) (p<0.01), cost of day old chicks (p<0.05), and transportation fare (p<0.1) were significant to the variation in maximum variable profit. The most dominant constraints identified in the study included; inflationary/recessionary trends, high cost of inputs, poor access to credit, high competition and disease/pest in that order. The study recommended that micro broiler operators should organize themselves into cooperative societies to enable them enjoy the benefits of economies of size and credit facilities from lending agencies. Keywords: Profitability, enterprises, micro, broiler, cost and returns
{"title":"Analysis of the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State","authors":"Joseph Ugah Ukpabuku, S. B. Ohen","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v19i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to evaluate the profitability micro broiler businesses in Calabar metropolis. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis, analyses selected factors which affects the profitability of micro broiler enterprises and to identify the constraints faced by micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis. It made use of primary data obtained from a random sample of 112 micro broiler operators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios, cost and return analysis and Ordinary Least Square Multiple regression approach. The cost and returns analysis showed that the total variable cost of production per cycle amounted to N45,931,670.00 with cost of feed contributing 60.11 percent to the total cost. Total production cost per bird was N1,213.77 and total revenue per bird was N1,862.39, showing a gross margin of N684.96 and a net income of N648.62 per bird produced. The rate of return on sales (0.35), rate of return on investment (0.53), rate of return on variable cost (1.55) and operating ratio (0.63) all show that micro broiler business in Calabar metropolis was profitable. Output of broiler (flock size) (p<0.01), cost of day old chicks (p<0.05), and transportation fare (p<0.1) were significant to the variation in maximum variable profit. The most dominant constraints identified in the study included; inflationary/recessionary trends, high cost of inputs, poor access to credit, high competition and disease/pest in that order. The study recommended that micro broiler operators should organize themselves into cooperative societies to enable them enjoy the benefits of economies of size and credit facilities from lending agencies. \u0000Keywords: Profitability, enterprises, micro, broiler, cost and returns","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study analyzed the effect of microcredit on technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socio-economic profile of the rice farmers in the study area; identify microcredit sources accessed by rice farmers; analysis the factors that determine access to credit as well as examine the influence of credit and other factors on technical efficiency. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to sample the rice farmers in the study area. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, profit regression and stochastic production frontier. Results showed that 64.7% were male, 68.2% were married, and about 96.5% were literate. The mean household size was 7 persons per households, with a mean farm size of 2.19 hectares, 38.8% had 6-10years of farming experience, and 83.5% belonged to an association and earned an annual income of above ₦400,000. The main source of credit accessed by the smallholder rice farmers is the cooperative society. Extension contact, farm size, farming experience and household size were the significant factors that determined the access to credit by the smallholder farmers. Quantity of seed, farm size and family labour were the significant variables that had a significant effect on the output of rice at 1% and 5%. The value of the returns to scale (RTS = 0.914) shows that the farmers were producing at the decreasing return to scale (Stage II). The mean technical efficiency was 0.64 with minimum and maximum efficiencies of 0.09 and 0.92. Respondent’s educational level, household size, farming experience and credit were the significant variables that increased the technical efficiency of the smallholder rice farmers. The study recommends that smallholder rice farmer should increase access to credit per production season, since the access to credit has efficiency increasing effect Keywords : Microcredit, Technical Efficiency, Smallholder Rice Farmers
{"title":"The effect of microcredit on technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers in Ikot Ekpene Agricultural Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Edet, E. E. Agbachom, E. Uwah","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the effect of microcredit on technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socio-economic profile of the rice farmers in the study area; identify microcredit sources accessed by rice farmers; analysis the factors that determine access to credit as well as examine the influence of credit and other factors on technical efficiency. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to sample the rice farmers in the study area. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, profit regression and stochastic production frontier. Results showed that 64.7% were male, 68.2% were married, and about 96.5% were literate. The mean household size was 7 persons per households, with a mean farm size of 2.19 hectares, 38.8% had 6-10years of farming experience, and 83.5% belonged to an association and earned an annual income of above ₦400,000. The main source of credit accessed by the smallholder rice farmers is the cooperative society. Extension contact, farm size, farming experience and household size were the significant factors that determined the access to credit by the smallholder farmers. Quantity of seed, farm size and family labour were the significant variables that had a significant effect on the output of rice at 1% and 5%. The value of the returns to scale (RTS = 0.914) shows that the farmers were producing at the decreasing return to scale (Stage II). The mean technical efficiency was 0.64 with minimum and maximum efficiencies of 0.09 and 0.92. Respondent’s educational level, household size, farming experience and credit were the significant variables that increased the technical efficiency of the smallholder rice farmers. The study recommends that smallholder rice farmer should increase access to credit per production season, since the access to credit has efficiency increasing effect Keywords : Microcredit, Technical Efficiency, Smallholder Rice Farmers","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133256675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spite of major thrust by research to increase agricultural production through the introduction of and use of scientific agricultural technologies, it is evident that most practices used by peasant yam growers to control and manage natural enemies to yam production consist of indigenous techniques borne of farmers experimentation. Yet, little information is available in an easily understandable form, on these cultural practices of local farmers. In Nigeria, pest constitutes one of the most pressing constraints to crop production, but farmers have built up tremendous knowledge on indigenous ways of controlling pests. The result of the studies conducted among yam farmers in some selected states of Nigeria revealed that the farmers, through their indigenous knowledge had developed botanical pesticides, using extracts of seeds and fruit of trees, wood ashes and other materials to control pests. This paper presents some field results of farmers’ experimentation with regard to pests’ management under yam cultivation farming systems within the humid ecological zone of Nigeria.
{"title":"Farmer indigenous experimentation for pest management under yam cultivation farming system in the humid ecological zone of Nigeria","authors":"K. I. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of major thrust by research to increase agricultural production through the introduction of and use of scientific agricultural technologies, it is evident that most practices used by peasant yam growers to control and manage natural enemies to yam production consist of indigenous techniques borne of farmers experimentation. Yet, little information is available in an easily understandable form, on these cultural practices of local farmers. In Nigeria, pest constitutes one of the most pressing constraints to crop production, but farmers have built up tremendous knowledge on indigenous ways of controlling pests. The result of the studies conducted among yam farmers in some selected states of Nigeria revealed that the farmers, through their indigenous knowledge had developed botanical pesticides, using extracts of seeds and fruit of trees, wood ashes and other materials to control pests. This paper presents some field results of farmers’ experimentation with regard to pests’ management under yam cultivation farming systems within the humid ecological zone of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ubua, W. Al-Isah, I. Inuwa, B. Abdullahi, P. O. Ozung
This study determined the effect of Neem Leaf Meal (NLM) based - diets on growth response, haematological and serum biochemical indices of female rabbits (does). Twenty four (24) weaned rabbits (5 - 6 weeks old with average body weight of 600 ±1.05g) were used. The NLM was included in the diets at 0, 5, 10, and 15% levels as treatments T I , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. The rabbits were divided into four groups of six (6) each and randomly assigned to experimental diets using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Water was provided ad libitum and the rabbits were housed in disinfected wooden hutches for 56 days. Data on growth response, haematological and serum biochemical indices were collected and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that the growth performance parameters showed significant (P 0.05) by dietary treatments. The study concluded that 10% NLM can be included in the diets meant for rabbits without fear of compromising growth performance and blood characteristics. Key words : Neem, female rabbit, growth, blood indices
{"title":"Utilization of Neem Leaf Meal: Effect on growth response, haematology and serum biochemistry of rabbit does","authors":"J. Ubua, W. Al-Isah, I. Inuwa, B. Abdullahi, P. O. Ozung","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V18I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the effect of Neem Leaf Meal (NLM) based - diets on growth response, haematological and serum biochemical indices of female rabbits (does). Twenty four (24) weaned rabbits (5 - 6 weeks old with average body weight of 600 ±1.05g) were used. The NLM was included in the diets at 0, 5, 10, and 15% levels as treatments T I , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. The rabbits were divided into four groups of six (6) each and randomly assigned to experimental diets using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Water was provided ad libitum and the rabbits were housed in disinfected wooden hutches for 56 days. Data on growth response, haematological and serum biochemical indices were collected and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that the growth performance parameters showed significant (P 0.05) by dietary treatments. The study concluded that 10% NLM can be included in the diets meant for rabbits without fear of compromising growth performance and blood characteristics. Key words : Neem, female rabbit, growth, blood indices","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132723515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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