Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch004
Daniel Londono-Bernal, A. Hammadi, Torsten Reiners
Container terminals play an important role in linking regional and continental areas for the exchange of goods. Port authorities have to provide their services under competitive prices and service levels to customers. This increasing competition pushes feeder ports to improve their processes. The goal is to increase the port capacity to deal with the increasing demand for containers and, at the same time, to reduce the environmental impact and operative costs. The authors address the gap in the literature regarding alternatives for feeder ports. They analyse best practices adopted in international terminals and evaluate the implementation in feeder ports. They apply a quantitative approach using the simulation software AnyLogic. The model uses market data to analyse the vessel unloading process at the berth. Moreover, an alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions for diesel equipment is presented. A flowchart for the vessel unloading and loading operations is proposed that includes the strategies to increase capacity and efficiency of operations and the utilisation of equipment.
{"title":"Mapping the Process to Improve the Operative and Environmental Performance of Feeder Ports","authors":"Daniel Londono-Bernal, A. Hammadi, Torsten Reiners","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Container terminals play an important role in linking regional and continental areas for the exchange of goods. Port authorities have to provide their services under competitive prices and service levels to customers. This increasing competition pushes feeder ports to improve their processes. The goal is to increase the port capacity to deal with the increasing demand for containers and, at the same time, to reduce the environmental impact and operative costs. The authors address the gap in the literature regarding alternatives for feeder ports. They analyse best practices adopted in international terminals and evaluate the implementation in feeder ports. They apply a quantitative approach using the simulation software AnyLogic. The model uses market data to analyse the vessel unloading process at the berth. Moreover, an alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions for diesel equipment is presented. A flowchart for the vessel unloading and loading operations is proposed that includes the strategies to increase capacity and efficiency of operations and the utilisation of equipment.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128679198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch006
Olcay Polat
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly magnified supply challenges in all industries, and virus waves continue to cause an extraordinary amount of variation in both the demand for and the availability of necessary products. This uncertainty has also forced many organizations including container liner shipping to redesign their supply chain. Feeder services from hub ports are essential chain of shipping networks. This chapter addresses the design of feeder networks under consideration of demand fluctuations over the year. For this purpose, a perturbation-based variable neighbourhood search approach is developed in order to determine the feeder ship fleet size and mix, the fleet deployment, service routes, and voyage schedules to minimize operational costs. In the case study investigation, the authors consider the feeder network design problem faced by a feeder shipping company as a sample application. The performance of alternate network configurations is compared under dynamic demand conditions. Numerical results highlight the advantage of dynamic and flexible design of feeder service networks.
{"title":"Designing of Container Feeder Service Networks Under Unstable Demand Conditions","authors":"Olcay Polat","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly magnified supply challenges in all industries, and virus waves continue to cause an extraordinary amount of variation in both the demand for and the availability of necessary products. This uncertainty has also forced many organizations including container liner shipping to redesign their supply chain. Feeder services from hub ports are essential chain of shipping networks. This chapter addresses the design of feeder networks under consideration of demand fluctuations over the year. For this purpose, a perturbation-based variable neighbourhood search approach is developed in order to determine the feeder ship fleet size and mix, the fleet deployment, service routes, and voyage schedules to minimize operational costs. In the case study investigation, the authors consider the feeder network design problem faced by a feeder shipping company as a sample application. The performance of alternate network configurations is compared under dynamic demand conditions. Numerical results highlight the advantage of dynamic and flexible design of feeder service networks.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116203725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch012
Guy Coulthard, C. Baxter, T. V. Binh
Demand forecasting and production planning are challenging issues when working to supply perishable goods to fulfil supermarket requirements as opposed to dry goods that can be manufactured and have a fixed storage life. The focus of this report is on the improvement of resource utilisation through better forecasting, planning, and information flow. There is a fluctuation for labour demand within the processing function; controlling the number of staff daily is vital to the efficient running of production and waste reduction. It is the belief for the management that left unchecked the production planners can tend to overorder staff as a contingency.
{"title":"Improvement of Resource Utilisation Through Forecasting, Planning, and Information Flow","authors":"Guy Coulthard, C. Baxter, T. V. Binh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"Demand forecasting and production planning are challenging issues when working to supply perishable goods to fulfil supermarket requirements as opposed to dry goods that can be manufactured and have a fixed storage life. The focus of this report is on the improvement of resource utilisation through better forecasting, planning, and information flow. There is a fluctuation for labour demand within the processing function; controlling the number of staff daily is vital to the efficient running of production and waste reduction. It is the belief for the management that left unchecked the production planners can tend to overorder staff as a contingency.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117288158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch003
Simona Šinko, B. Rupnik, R. Gumzej
It seems that the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in December 2019, will have longer and more profound consequences on our lives than initially foreseen. Among the most obvious are everyday decisions about the mode of transport. From related research, it can be seen that the most affected transport mode is public transport, which had the greatest decline. The reason for lesser use of public transport is in complete closure of public transport in some parts of the world. However, where this measure has not been applied, the reason for the reduction is people's fear of infection when using public transport or any shared modes of transportation. The fear stems from the fact that the COVID-19 virus is spreading extremely fast in densely populated rooms. All these changes are affecting the changes in city mobility. Related research shows a decrease of mobility in general and an increase in the use of individual modes of transportation. Distinct changes can be observed in different environments as compared to previous travel behaviour.
{"title":"Use of Traffic Simulation to Analyze the Changes in City Mobility During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Simona Šinko, B. Rupnik, R. Gumzej","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"It seems that the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in December 2019, will have longer and more profound consequences on our lives than initially foreseen. Among the most obvious are everyday decisions about the mode of transport. From related research, it can be seen that the most affected transport mode is public transport, which had the greatest decline. The reason for lesser use of public transport is in complete closure of public transport in some parts of the world. However, where this measure has not been applied, the reason for the reduction is people's fear of infection when using public transport or any shared modes of transportation. The fear stems from the fact that the COVID-19 virus is spreading extremely fast in densely populated rooms. All these changes are affecting the changes in city mobility. Related research shows a decrease of mobility in general and an increase in the use of individual modes of transportation. Distinct changes can be observed in different environments as compared to previous travel behaviour.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch014
Effnu Subiyanto, Annisa Farahmei Effnandya
Further scientifically finding of total logistics costs model during execution the cement projects in Indonesia, the consecutive further tasks are how to examine the best logistics' provider to perform the logistics' works. This is the ultimate goal of this chapter. The methodology developed is by case study, elaborate techniques of focus group discussion (FGD), expert judgment (EJ), and enriched by the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to obtain the best decision. The finding is the total costs of ownership (TCO) as the best tool to examine several considerations to select the best provider's candidates can be applied. Data as sources of this chapter are consolidated from the cement projects in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018. During the period, cement projects in Indonesia were rampant, and certainly, it demanded logistics providers. The TCO in practical fits during procurement-processes, it is also valuable during the selection of the logistics' providers. The TCO is fair enough as the best tool to build governance during procurement to avoid miss-discrimination-treated.
{"title":"Applying Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) to Examine the Best Logistics Providers","authors":"Effnu Subiyanto, Annisa Farahmei Effnandya","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"Further scientifically finding of total logistics costs model during execution the cement projects in Indonesia, the consecutive further tasks are how to examine the best logistics' provider to perform the logistics' works. This is the ultimate goal of this chapter. The methodology developed is by case study, elaborate techniques of focus group discussion (FGD), expert judgment (EJ), and enriched by the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to obtain the best decision. The finding is the total costs of ownership (TCO) as the best tool to examine several considerations to select the best provider's candidates can be applied. Data as sources of this chapter are consolidated from the cement projects in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018. During the period, cement projects in Indonesia were rampant, and certainly, it demanded logistics providers. The TCO in practical fits during procurement-processes, it is also valuable during the selection of the logistics' providers. The TCO is fair enough as the best tool to build governance during procurement to avoid miss-discrimination-treated.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121383693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch010
N. Baporikar
Safeguarding the supply of drugs and satisfying the needs of patients is a strategic priority of any healthcare system especially in these pandemic times. The pharmaceutical supply chain is subject to many pressures including non-availability and shortage of requisite drugs. A drug shortage is a deficiency in the supply of medicines or products that affects the ability of a patient to get the required treatment in due time. The roots of drug shortages are multifaceted, varied, and the issue can be due to supply or demand. However, the situation affects almost every stakeholder in the healthcare system, which is why collaboration is a must to deal with drug shortages. Hence, adopting an exploratory and single-case approach of the largest public hospital in the context of Namibia, the objective of this chapter is to provide a contemporary perspective of supply chain management re drug sourcing shortages, analyze the causes of drug shortages, recommend measures to minimize the crisis, and suggest strategies for enhanced efficiency in drug supply.
{"title":"Contemporary Perspective on Supply Chain Management Regarding Drug Sourcing Shortages","authors":"N. Baporikar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Safeguarding the supply of drugs and satisfying the needs of patients is a strategic priority of any healthcare system especially in these pandemic times. The pharmaceutical supply chain is subject to many pressures including non-availability and shortage of requisite drugs. A drug shortage is a deficiency in the supply of medicines or products that affects the ability of a patient to get the required treatment in due time. The roots of drug shortages are multifaceted, varied, and the issue can be due to supply or demand. However, the situation affects almost every stakeholder in the healthcare system, which is why collaboration is a must to deal with drug shortages. Hence, adopting an exploratory and single-case approach of the largest public hospital in the context of Namibia, the objective of this chapter is to provide a contemporary perspective of supply chain management re drug sourcing shortages, analyze the causes of drug shortages, recommend measures to minimize the crisis, and suggest strategies for enhanced efficiency in drug supply.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134014243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch001
Pedro B. Água, A. Correia, Armindo Frias
The challenges facing procurement managers across industries and public services are quite important. Businesses need to take care of the bottom line while public services need to manage tight budgets. This is aggravated by difficult economic environments such as the one that has come with COVID-19. Reducing procurement costs means less funds and working capital. Such is achieved by means of adequate negotiation processes. Technology procurement is a field with long acquisition lifecycles, where negotiations span over considerable periods of time, and where the features of technology may impact negotiations, including the technology inherent obsolescence speed. Such negotiations occur in an environment where demanding technical requirements abound alongside economic rationality and where negotiations are conducted by teams of managers and engineers, addressing the distinct dimensions. An approach to technology procurement negotiation is presented with viewpoints for reflection on how procurement and negotiations shall be addressed for technology procurement purposes.
{"title":"Strategic Procurement Negotiation","authors":"Pedro B. Água, A. Correia, Armindo Frias","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges facing procurement managers across industries and public services are quite important. Businesses need to take care of the bottom line while public services need to manage tight budgets. This is aggravated by difficult economic environments such as the one that has come with COVID-19. Reducing procurement costs means less funds and working capital. Such is achieved by means of adequate negotiation processes. Technology procurement is a field with long acquisition lifecycles, where negotiations span over considerable periods of time, and where the features of technology may impact negotiations, including the technology inherent obsolescence speed. Such negotiations occur in an environment where demanding technical requirements abound alongside economic rationality and where negotiations are conducted by teams of managers and engineers, addressing the distinct dimensions. An approach to technology procurement negotiation is presented with viewpoints for reflection on how procurement and negotiations shall be addressed for technology procurement purposes.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132071964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch008
C. Elbelehy, A. Abdelsalam
This empirical research investigates the reverse logistics practices adopted by a leading pharmaceutical company in Egypt, the drivers behind the applied reverse logistics activities, and the barriers affecting the application of reverse logistics. The methodological approach of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied to study the mutual influences across barriers listed by a preliminary case analysis, and to identify the “driving” barriers which may worsen other barriers, and “dependent” barriers influenced by the driving barriers. A key finding of the analysis is that lack of regulation enforcement and lack of public awareness regarding the importance of reverse logistics are the most driving barriers influencing the rest of the identified barriers.
{"title":"Investigating the Drivers and Barriers of Reverse Logistics Practices in the Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain","authors":"C. Elbelehy, A. Abdelsalam","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"This empirical research investigates the reverse logistics practices adopted by a leading pharmaceutical company in Egypt, the drivers behind the applied reverse logistics activities, and the barriers affecting the application of reverse logistics. The methodological approach of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied to study the mutual influences across barriers listed by a preliminary case analysis, and to identify the “driving” barriers which may worsen other barriers, and “dependent” barriers influenced by the driving barriers. A key finding of the analysis is that lack of regulation enforcement and lack of public awareness regarding the importance of reverse logistics are the most driving barriers influencing the rest of the identified barriers.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114933015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch002
Kripanshu Vora
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of trust or confidence through the managerial lens. The chapter aims to acquire empirical evidence regarding the importance of factors that play a role in fostering trust during procurement decision making exemplified through a New Zealand-owned company, ContainerCo. This exploratory study scrutinises trust as perceived by SME managers in the supply chain of logistics and procurement in New Zealand. It uses the repertory grid analysis and is based on two interviews conducted through the repertory grid technique, a semi-structured method. Although different in every company and country, trust plays a major role during the selection of suppliers. Factors such as reliability and value are regarded as the most important ones for choosing the right supplier in the case of ContainerCo.
{"title":"Trust in Procurement Decisions of New Zealand SMEs","authors":"Kripanshu Vora","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of trust or confidence through the managerial lens. The chapter aims to acquire empirical evidence regarding the importance of factors that play a role in fostering trust during procurement decision making exemplified through a New Zealand-owned company, ContainerCo. This exploratory study scrutinises trust as perceived by SME managers in the supply chain of logistics and procurement in New Zealand. It uses the repertory grid analysis and is based on two interviews conducted through the repertory grid technique, a semi-structured method. Although different in every company and country, trust plays a major role during the selection of suppliers. Factors such as reliability and value are regarded as the most important ones for choosing the right supplier in the case of ContainerCo.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116409505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch005
Panagiotis Kotsios, D. Folinas
The goal of this research was to measure the cost of road freight transport in the 20 European countries with the highest recorded quantity of tonne-kilometres and assess their competitiveness. Cost competitiveness was measured by four main cost categories: fuels, drivers' wages, tyres and tolls, and the results show large cost variances between countries. The countries with the lowest road freight transport cost were Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania, and those with the highest costs were Norway, Austria, and the UK. The largest differences in costs were met in tolls and other road taxes, followed by drivers' wages, fuels, and finally, tyres.
{"title":"Road Freight Transport Cost","authors":"Panagiotis Kotsios, D. Folinas","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8709-6.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to measure the cost of road freight transport in the 20 European countries with the highest recorded quantity of tonne-kilometres and assess their competitiveness. Cost competitiveness was measured by four main cost categories: fuels, drivers' wages, tyres and tolls, and the results show large cost variances between countries. The countries with the lowest road freight transport cost were Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania, and those with the highest costs were Norway, Austria, and the UK. The largest differences in costs were met in tolls and other road taxes, followed by drivers' wages, fuels, and finally, tyres.","PeriodicalId":250980,"journal":{"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Globalized Business Era","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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