Environmental policy is facing many challenges today. Waste management significantly contributes to the successful implementation of policies. Despite this, many problems have accumulated in this direction, and the search for effective ways to solve them and forms of encouragement is ongoing. Although many governments have developed policies in response to the increase in waste, finding and using new tools remains a challenge. These include making producers responsible for ensuring the entire life cycle of the products. The article examines ex- tended producer responsibility as a tool for reducing negative environmental impacts, through which producers take significant financial and physical responsibility for the handling or disposal of post-consumer items. The paper discusses the regulations and targets adopted in Georgia, dealing with the management of waste oil, tire waste, electrical and electronic devices, waste batteries, and accumulators. The focus is made on organizational and financial levers within the extended producer responsibility. Keywords: Extended producer responsibility (EPR), Regulations of ERP in Georgia.
{"title":"EXTENDED PRODUCER OBLIGATIONS – AS A TOOL FOR REDUCING NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT","authors":"Gela Aladashvili GELA ALADASHVILI","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-33","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental policy is facing many challenges today. Waste management significantly contributes to the\u0000successful implementation of policies. Despite this, many problems have accumulated in this direction, and the\u0000search for effective ways to solve them and forms of encouragement is ongoing. Although many governments have\u0000developed policies in response to the increase in waste, finding and using new tools remains a challenge. These\u0000include making producers responsible for ensuring the entire life cycle of the products. The article examines ex-\u0000tended producer responsibility as a tool for reducing negative environmental impacts, through which producers\u0000take significant financial and physical responsibility for the handling or disposal of post-consumer items. The\u0000paper discusses the regulations and targets adopted in Georgia, dealing with the management of waste oil, tire\u0000waste, electrical and electronic devices, waste batteries, and accumulators. The focus is made on organizational\u0000and financial levers within the extended producer responsibility.\u0000Keywords: Extended producer responsibility (EPR), Regulations of ERP in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
andemics, which has spread all over the world, had a great impact on several directions of socio-economic development of our country. It has also significantly influenced on the function of Georgian Labor market. One of the most important problems in functioning of Georgian Labor Market is a disbalance between the working force requirements and supply. The volume of supplied working force on the labor market mainly depends on the quantity of the population, able to work and the directions they change. In the last decades, there have been serious changes in the quantity of the employable population in Georgia, that affected on forming and function of the labor market of our country. In this article we have discussed the impact of demographic and external migration processes developed in Georgia, on forming the volume of supplying the working force. Currently, external migration processes development directions gained special topicality, which is characterized with the negative migration balance of native Georgian population. Moreover, recently birth rate indicator has decreased, that will cause decrease of the quantity of the category of people, who will be capable to perform active labor activities. All the mentioned will itself effect on forming the working force on the labor market of the country and in general function of the entire Labor Market. Keywords: Labor market, migration, migration balance, birth rate, death rate, national growth.
{"title":"FUNCTION OF LABOR MARKET OF GEORGIA IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD","authors":"Mamuka Toria Mamuka Toria","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-26","url":null,"abstract":"andemics, which has spread all over the world, had a great impact on several directions of socio-economic development of our country. It has also significantly influenced on the function of Georgian Labor market.\u0000One of the most important problems in functioning of Georgian Labor Market is a disbalance between the working force requirements and supply.\u0000The volume of supplied working force on the labor market mainly depends on the quantity of the population, able to work and the directions they change. In the last decades, there have been serious changes in the quantity of the employable population in Georgia, that affected on forming and function of the labor market of our country.\u0000In this article we have discussed the impact of demographic and external migration processes developed in Georgia, on forming the volume of supplying the working force.\u0000Currently, external migration processes development directions gained special topicality, which is characterized with the negative migration balance of native Georgian population. Moreover, recently birth rate indicator has decreased, that will cause decrease of the quantity of the category of people, who will be capable to perform active labor activities.\u0000All the mentioned will itself effect on forming the working force on the labor market of the country and in general function of the entire Labor Market.\u0000Keywords: Labor market, migration, migration balance, birth rate, death rate, national growth.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"60 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the issues of choosing strategies for the development of international entrepreneur- ship in a global economy with an assessment of individual decisions when entrepreneurs create international companies. The article presents the results of the study, which describes in detail the competition in the market and the competitiveness of the market. The main direction of the research is to identify the strengths and weak- nesses of the market. Significant problems in the market were discussed and analyzed, and ways to effectively solve them were presented. Interesting opinions and important recommendations are offered. Keywords: International Enterprise, management of international entrepreneurship.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT AND SUCCESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE","authors":"Lasha Tabatadze Lasha Tabatadze","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the issues of choosing strategies for the development of international entrepreneur-\u0000ship in a global economy with an assessment of individual decisions when entrepreneurs create international\u0000companies. The article presents the results of the study, which describes in detail the competition in the market\u0000and the competitiveness of the market. The main direction of the research is to identify the strengths and weak-\u0000nesses of the market. Significant problems in the market were discussed and analyzed, and ways to effectively\u0000solve them were presented. Interesting opinions and important recommendations are offered.\u0000Keywords: International Enterprise, management of international entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eco-labeling and certification programs are popular in many countries to achieve environmental goals. Ecolabelling is considered one of the replacement tools for traditional policies. However, its role is gradually increasing, and it is considered an effective means to achieve the goals of green transformation. Many members of society may be interested in the production and consumption of environmentally friendly products; therefore, their stimulation is of great importance. Globally, environmental policies and regulatory measures are converging, driven by increasing opportunities for information dissemination. Despite the different levels of policy achievements in individual countries, familiarizing themselves with their experiences is useful for guiding effective national policies. In addition, it should be noted that the mechanism for raising awareness about eco-labeling is similar in many countries. The article aims to familiarize readers with this experience because, despite the adoption of several regulatory norms and the implementation of measures in Georgia, it is necessary to raise the interest of both consumers and producers toward ecologically clean products. Keywords: Eco-labeling; Eco-labeling schemes; Green transformation; Georgia.
{"title":"ECO-LABELING AND IT'S IMPORTANCE IN GREEN TRANSFORMATION","authors":"Guguli Zarnadze Guguli Zarnadze","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-41","url":null,"abstract":"Eco-labeling and certification programs are popular in many countries to achieve environmental goals. Ecolabelling is considered one of the replacement tools for traditional policies. However, its role is gradually increasing, and it is considered an effective means to achieve the goals of green transformation. Many members of society may be interested in the production and consumption of environmentally friendly products; therefore, their stimulation is of great importance. Globally, environmental policies and regulatory measures are converging, driven by increasing opportunities for information dissemination. Despite the different levels of policy achievements in individual countries, familiarizing themselves with their experiences is useful for guiding effective national policies. In addition, it should be noted that the mechanism for raising awareness about eco-labeling is similar in many countries. The article aims to familiarize readers with this experience because, despite the adoption of\u0000several regulatory norms and the implementation of measures in Georgia, it is necessary to raise the interest of both consumers and producers toward ecologically clean products.\u0000Keywords: Eco-labeling; Eco-labeling schemes; Green transformation; Georgia.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The deposit insurance system is one of the main challenges of Georgian Banking regulation, which serves as a safety pillow of financial stability. Over the past 5 years, Georgia has increased the minimum deposit insurance limit from 5,000 GEL to 15,000 GEL per bank in order to achieve greater stability in the financial market. Georgia has already made a decision to increase the limit to 30,000 GEL from January 1, 2024. We examined the impact of the deposit insurance system on the safety of customers of banking institutions by comparing the volume of accounts/deposits protected by the system with existing practices in neighboring economies. We find that increasing attention to the importance of deposit insurance has led to an increase in the interest of foreign depositors and investors in placing funds in Georgian banks, which contributes to the improvement of international ratings and credit worthiness of Georgian banks. Keywords: Deposit insurance, cost of deposit funding, resolution.
{"title":"DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM IN GEORGIA AND WORLD TRENDS","authors":"David Rusia DAVID RUSIA","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-65","url":null,"abstract":"The deposit insurance system is one of the main challenges of Georgian Banking regulation, which serves as a safety pillow of financial stability. Over the past 5 years, Georgia has increased the minimum deposit insurance limit from 5,000 GEL to 15,000 GEL per bank in order to achieve greater stability in the financial market. Georgia has already made a decision to increase the limit to 30,000 GEL from January 1, 2024. We examined the impact of the deposit insurance system on the safety of customers of banking institutions by comparing the volume of\u0000accounts/deposits protected by the system with existing practices in neighboring economies. We find that increasing attention to the importance of deposit insurance has led to an increase in the interest of foreign depositors and investors in placing funds in Georgian banks, which contributes to the improvement of international ratings and credit worthiness of Georgian banks.\u0000Keywords: Deposit insurance, cost of deposit funding, resolution.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the differences in generational preferences for word-of-mouth marketing. Differences between Generations Y and Z regarding different forms and sources of marketing are evaluated. The research objective was to discuss and analyze the results of the social-media campaign achieved by the non-governmental organization “Safari” through the developed strategy in a specific reporting period in order to find out whether the differences exist in the preferences of generation Y and Z for WOM marketing. To meet the research objective, the complete process of Word-of-Mouth (WOM) marketing planning and implementation was identified, each component of the communication activities cycle has been studied and the role of influencers in obtaining the desired responses from Gen Z toward the application “Safe YOU” has been evaluated. Applied method is the observation and content-analyses. The findings reveal that Generation Y exhibits a notable inclination toward seeking information via recommendations and evaluations predominantly from various sources, including Facebook. Among the various tools used, including Facebook, photo and video content are the most effective. This reliance on input from strangers signifies an evolving trend in trust dynamics, emphasizing the significance of online credibility and collective feedback in their decision-making process. In contrast, Generation Z demonstrates a marked preference for influence marketing, relying heavily on information sourced directly from influencers. Mirroring older generational behavior, Generation Z exhibits a parallel dependence on social networks as a primary information conduit. These findings underscore the importance of tailored marketing strategies that acknowledge and adapt to the unique preferences of each generation. Keywords: Influence Marketing, Generation Y, Generation Z, Consumer preferences, Marketing Strategies
本文讨论了各代人对口碑营销的偏好差异。研究目的是讨论和分析非政府组织 "野生动物园 "在特定报告期内通过所制定的战略开展社交媒体活动所取得的成果，从而找出 Y 世代和 Z 世代对口碑营销的偏好是否存在差异。为实现研究目标，确定了口碑营销（WOM）规划和实施的完整流程，研究了传播活动周期的每个组成部分，并评估了影响因素在获得 Z 世代对应用程序 "安全 YOU "的预期反应方面所起的作用。研究结果表明，"Y一代 "明显倾向于主要从包括Facebook在内的各种渠道通过推荐和评价来寻求信息。在包括 Facebook 在内的各种工具中，照片和视频内容最为有效。这种对陌生人意见的依赖标志着信任动态的演变趋势，强调了网络可信度和集体反馈在决策过程中的重要性。与此相反，Z 世代明显偏好影响力营销，主要依赖直接来自有影响力者的信息。这些发现强调了量身定制营销战略的重要性，这些战略应承认并适应每一代人的独特偏好：影响营销 Y世代 Z世代 消费者偏好 营销策略
{"title":"Y AND Z GENERATIONS PREFERENCES FOR WORD-OF-MOUTH MARKETING","authors":"Teona Tavdishvili Teona Tavdishvili, Ekaterine Maglakelidze Ekaterine Maglakelidze","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-55","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the differences in generational preferences for word-of-mouth marketing. Differences between Generations Y and Z regarding different forms and sources of marketing are evaluated.\u0000The research objective was to discuss and analyze the results of the social-media campaign achieved by the non-governmental organization “Safari” through the developed strategy in a specific reporting period in order\u0000to find out whether the differences exist in the preferences of generation Y and Z for WOM marketing.\u0000To meet the research objective, the complete process of Word-of-Mouth (WOM) marketing planning and implementation was identified, each component of the communication activities cycle has been studied and the\u0000role of influencers in obtaining the desired responses from Gen Z toward the application “Safe YOU” has been evaluated. Applied method is the observation and content-analyses.\u0000The findings reveal that Generation Y exhibits a notable inclination toward seeking information via recommendations and evaluations predominantly from various sources, including Facebook. Among the various tools used, including Facebook, photo and video content are the most effective. This reliance on input from strangers signifies an evolving trend in trust dynamics, emphasizing the significance of online credibility and collective feedback in their decision-making process.\u0000In contrast, Generation Z demonstrates a marked preference for influence marketing, relying heavily on information sourced directly from influencers. Mirroring older generational behavior, Generation Z exhibits a parallel\u0000dependence on social networks as a primary information conduit.\u0000These findings underscore the importance of tailored marketing strategies that acknowledge and adapt to the unique preferences of each generation.\u0000Keywords: Influence Marketing, Generation Y, Generation Z, Consumer preferences, Marketing Strategies","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgia is a developing economy with a gross domestic product of 72.3 billion GEL ($26.8 billion) (Geostat 2022). Macroeconomic parameters in the country react sensitively to various issues. Due to the impact of local or foreign factors, the rate of inflation in the country was double-digit for almost 18 months (Geostat 2022), which was a great loss for the country and its population. This article presents a number of aspects of monetary policy, namely the interest rate and the inappropriate effect of monetary instruments on inflation regulation or exchange rate stabilization, which is conditioned by the overriding rational expectation and normative economic understanding. Using the "micro-macro synthesis" and analysis, the article discusses how important the incomes of citizens and the demand elasticity of the consumer basket are for the effective use of monetary instruments; budget limitation of family farms; The influence of the duration (time) of the use of monetary instruments on monetary policy and the scientific condition of "rational expectation" and "asymmetric information acquisition" by households and business entities. Discussion of the impact of non-inclusive economic growth on the effectiveness of monetary instruments is opened. Finally, we conclude from the discussion that the mentioned economic aspects should be taken into account, including microeconomic ones, when using the monetary policy tools effectively. Keywords: Inflation, Monetary policy, Interest rate, Macroeconomics.
{"title":"IMPORTANT ASPECTS - WHY MONETARY POLICY DOES NOT WORK IN GEORGIA","authors":"Ramaz Gerliani Ramaz Gerliani, Giga Tvauri Giga Tvauri","doi":"10.36962/nec18042023-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-49","url":null,"abstract":"Georgia is a developing economy with a gross domestic product of 72.3 billion GEL ($26.8 billion) (Geostat 2022). Macroeconomic parameters in the country react sensitively to various issues. Due to the impact of local\u0000or foreign factors, the rate of inflation in the country was double-digit for almost 18 months (Geostat 2022), which was a great loss for the country and its population. This article presents a number of aspects of monetary\u0000policy, namely the interest rate and the inappropriate effect of monetary instruments on inflation regulation or exchange rate stabilization, which is conditioned by the overriding rational expectation and normative economic\u0000understanding. Using the \"micro-macro synthesis\" and analysis, the article discusses how important the incomes of citizens and the demand elasticity of the consumer basket are for the effective use of monetary instruments;\u0000budget limitation of family farms; The influence of the duration (time) of the use of monetary instruments on monetary policy and the scientific condition of \"rational expectation\" and \"asymmetric information acquisition\" by households and business entities. Discussion of the impact of non-inclusive economic growth on the effectiveness of monetary instruments is opened. Finally, we conclude from the discussion that the mentioned economic aspects should be taken into account, including microeconomic ones, when using the monetary policy tools effectively. \u0000Keywords: Inflation, Monetary policy, Interest rate, Macroeconomics.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of interest of this article is the detection and definition of modern challenges and perspectives of protection of strategic national interests. Interest in the topic is due to the fact that no country can deal with the most pressing problems of our time in isolation from other countries. They can be overcome only within the framework of close international cooperation. Georgia's progress depends to a significant extent on the establishment of strategic partnerships with other countries, the purpose of which is to promote joint development. The purpose of the research carried out within the article is to reveal and define the main aspects of the economic prospects of establishing a strategic partnership between the People's Republic of China and Georgia. The subject of the research is the analysis of the establishment of strategic partnership between China and Georgia, the evaluation and systematization of its modern manifestations. It has been revealed what results the connections between the countries have brought, what challenges and opportunities are emerging in the future. The object of the research is the state of economic cooperation established between China and Georgia at the present stage and the creation of favorable conditions for their stable long-term development. Among the main research methods used, the general scientific methods of induction and deduction, the method of theoretical systematic analysis and the monographic (descriptive) method should be noted. The research is of practical importance in terms of creating favorable conditions for the long-term development of mutually beneficial economic cooperation between China and Georgia. Key words: China, Georgia, strategic national interests, strategic partnership, economic dimension.
{"title":"Economic perspective of establishing strategic partnership between China and Georgia","authors":"Loid Karchava Loid Karchava, Shota Veshapidze Shota Veshapidze, Ketevan Chiabrishvili Ketevan Chiabrishvili","doi":"10.36962/nec18032023-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18032023-7","url":null,"abstract":"The field of interest of this article is the detection and definition of modern challenges and perspectives of protection of strategic national interests. Interest in the topic is due to the fact that no country can deal with the most pressing problems of our time in isolation from other countries. They can be overcome only within the framework of close international cooperation. Georgia's progress depends to a significant extent on the establishment of strategic partnerships with other countries, the purpose of which is to promote joint development. The purpose of the research carried out within the article is to reveal and define the main aspects of the economic prospects of establishing a strategic partnership between the People's Republic of China and Georgia. The subject of the research is the analysis of the establishment of strategic partnership between China and Georgia, the evaluation and systematization of its modern manifestations. It has been revealed what results the connections between the countries have brought, what challenges and opportunities are emerging in the future. The object of the research is the state of economic cooperation established between China and Georgia at the present stage and the creation of favorable conditions for their stable long-term development. Among the main research methods used, the general scientific methods of induction and deduction, the method of theoretical systematic analysis and the monographic (descriptive) method should be noted. The research is of practical importance in terms of creating favorable conditions for the long-term development of mutually beneficial economic cooperation between China and Georgia. Key words: China, Georgia, strategic national interests, strategic partnership, economic dimension.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of digital banks represents an essential innovation in the banking industry. These banks are financial institutions that offer services such as online banking, mobile banking, and virtual debit cards. Digital banks offer customers low fees, a convenient interface, innovative products, and 24-hour banking services. Digital banks are expected to become even more popular and offer many innovative products. During the last few decades, the banking sector in Georgia has developed very actively. Leading banks have created many innovative products and listed their shares on the stock exchange. In the business sector, banks have created a certain trend associated with innovation and development. The regulations, policies, etc. adopted by the National Bank of Georgia have established a single standard in the banking sector, thereby protecting the interests of consumers and creating common rules for the financial sector. Along with constant changes, the National Bank of Georgia also develops new directions for the banking sector and tries not to lag behind world trends. On November 17, 2022, the National Bank of Georgia issued the first license for digital banking activities. According to the digital bank licensing principles developed by the National Bank, after assessing the applicant's business model and compliance with the requirements established by law, a banking license is issued with certain restrictions, and a deadline is set for the full operation of the digital bank and the gradual filling of the minimum amount of supervisory capital. What opportunities does the development of digital banks in Georgia give us, and what is the experience of international digital banks? In the modern world, the development of globalization and information technology has made it urgent to move the economy to a fundamentally new level. It should be noted that the use of existing methods in the modern economy does not contribute to rapid growth, and the digital economy allows a country to significantly change its position on the world stage. This leads to the generally accepted opinion that the development of the country as a whole is possible with the effective introduction of modern technologies in all spheres of the economy. An ecosystem is a group of organizations that provide continuous interaction with each other using Internet services, technological platforms, government services, and information systems. Initially, the active implementation of digital technologies began in the banking sector, which controlled gold and currency flows. As the most important segment of the economy of any state, the financial sector today reflects the most progressive solutions in digitalization. The innovations proposed in this area aim to improve financial efficiency through better and more personalized services, as well as lower costs for clients. Today, the financial system is undergoing a new evolution in the digital economy. Digital transformation is transf
{"title":"A New Era of Banking in Georgia: Prospects of Digital Bank","authors":"Teimuraz Goderdzishvili Teimuraz Goderdzishvili","doi":"10.36962/nec18012023-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18012023-52","url":null,"abstract":"The development of digital banks represents an essential innovation in the banking industry. These banks are financial institutions that offer services such as online banking, mobile banking, and virtual debit cards. Digital banks offer customers low fees, a convenient interface, innovative products, and 24-hour banking services. Digital banks are expected to become even more popular and offer many innovative products.\u0000During the last few decades, the banking sector in Georgia has developed very actively. Leading banks have created many innovative products and listed their shares on the stock exchange. In the business sector, banks have created a certain trend associated with innovation and development. The regulations, policies, etc. adopted by the National Bank of Georgia have established a single standard in the banking sector, thereby protecting the interests of consumers and creating common rules for the financial sector. Along with constant changes, the National Bank of Georgia also develops new directions for the banking sector and tries not to lag behind world trends.\u0000On November 17, 2022, the National Bank of Georgia issued the first license for digital banking activities. According to the digital bank licensing principles developed by the National Bank, after assessing the applicant's business model and compliance with the requirements established by law, a banking license is issued with certain restrictions, and a deadline is set for the full operation of the digital bank and the gradual filling of the minimum amount of supervisory capital. What opportunities does the development of digital banks in Georgia give us, and what is the experience of international digital banks?\u0000In the modern world, the development of globalization and information technology has made it urgent to move the economy to a fundamentally new level. It should be noted that the use of existing methods in the modern economy does not contribute to rapid growth, and the digital economy allows a country to significantly change its position on the world stage. This leads to the generally accepted opinion that the development of the country as a whole is possible with the effective introduction of modern technologies in all spheres of the economy. An ecosystem is a group of organizations that provide continuous interaction with each other using Internet services, technological platforms, government services, and information systems. Initially, the active implementation of digital technologies began in the banking sector, which controlled gold and currency flows. As the most important segment of the economy of any state, the financial sector today reflects the most progressive solutions in digitalization. The innovations proposed in this area aim to improve financial efficiency through better and more personalized services, as well as lower costs for clients. Today, the financial system is undergoing a new evolution in the digital economy. Digital transformation is transf","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theory of trauma has been one of the current approaches in scientific discourse since the 90s of the 20th century, the foundation for its study was laid in the American humanities and social sciences, which later became the subject of study by researchers in various fields and profiles. Rising tide of interest towards collective trauma or traumatic memory was conditioned by wars or difficult post-conflict psychological status of people, who had to deal with both trauma-containing memories and struggle against them. It should be noted, that the paradigms defining collective trauma have been determinative in the Georgian media since the 1990s, which was related to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on the one hand, and the difficult political or social situation caused by the events of April 9, Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflicts and civil war. Here we also would like to note that the Georgian media has become a source of inspiration for those creators, in the literary narrative of which so-called war literature was formed and acquired different perspectives. At this stage, the subject of our interest is to comprehend the Georgian media space in the context of theories of traumatic memory, we will focus on the material of the 90s, which presents the narrative of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, also on the modern discourse of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which will allow us to study by the method of comparative analysis and determine, how the concepts of collective trauma are reflected in the media space. Keywords: Collective trauma, traumatic memory, narrative, Georgian media.
{"title":"Narrative of collective trauma in Georgian media","authors":"Liana Sigua Liana Sigua","doi":"10.36962/nec18012023-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/nec18012023-64","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of trauma has been one of the current approaches in scientific discourse since the 90s of the 20th century, the foundation for its study was laid in the American humanities and social sciences, which later became the subject of study by researchers in various fields and profiles.\u0000Rising tide of interest towards collective trauma or traumatic memory was conditioned by wars or difficult post-conflict psychological status of people, who had to deal with both trauma-containing memories and struggle against them.\u0000It should be noted, that the paradigms defining collective trauma have been determinative in the Georgian media since the 1990s, which was related to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on the one hand, and the difficult political or social situation caused by the events of April 9, Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflicts and civil war.\u0000Here we also would like to note that the Georgian media has become a source of inspiration for those creators, in the literary narrative of which so-called war literature was formed and acquired different perspectives.\u0000At this stage, the subject of our interest is to comprehend the Georgian media space in the context of theories of traumatic memory, we will focus on the material of the 90s, which presents the narrative of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, also on the modern discourse of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which will allow us to study by the method of comparative analysis and determine, how the concepts of collective trauma are reflected in the media space.\u0000Keywords: Collective trauma, traumatic memory, narrative, Georgian media.","PeriodicalId":252272,"journal":{"name":"The New Economist","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122898360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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