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The theory of oscillating movement in the soil of a toothed disc colter of a direct seeding grain seeder 直播谷物播种机齿盘式播种机在土壤中的振荡运动原理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1
Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Holovach I. V., Ihnatiev Ye. І.
Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil.Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used.Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed.Conclusions1. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies.2. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing.3. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively.Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.
目的。建立了直接播种机圆盘式播种机总成振荡运动的理论规律,论证了圆盘式播种机的合理模式,保证了种子在土壤中的高质量播种。在研究过程中,运用了农业机械理论及其工艺过程建模方法、高等数学方法、理论力学方法以及个人计算机数值计算方法。编制了直播播种机播种机播种机在沿不平整地面的运动过程中,在土壤表面反作用力作用下产生的播种机播种机的平动和角振荡的微分方程。微分方程的解析解使计算所研究的振动的频率和振幅的表达式成为可能,这取决于冷却器的结构和运动参数以及土壤表面不规则性的参数。在得到解析表达式的基础上,构造了双弹簧悬吊不同刚度时,直播播种机插拔装置的振荡幅值与其平移运动速度的图形关系。利用所获得的新的解析依赖关系确定播种机的设计参数、其平移运动速度和土壤表面不均匀度参数的合理组合,保证了播种机的播种质量。所获得的用于确定收集器组件垂直振荡幅度和频率的表达式使这些振荡的幅度及其对播种质量的影响最小化成为可能。当播种机平移运动速度从0.6 m s-1到1.0 m s-1时,播种机组件的扰动频率与固有频率一致时,得到振荡幅度的共振值。当运动速度从1.2 m s-1增加到4 m s-1,弹簧刚度= 16815-67270 N∙m - 1, = 17150-68600 N∙m - 1时,垂向振荡幅度指标趋于稳定,分别在0.01-0.0004 m范围内。关键词:播种机,收割机,齿盘,土壤表面不规则,振荡,微分方程,振幅,频率。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of dimensional and qualitative parameters of disk spreader with electric drive 电动盘式吊具尺寸及质量参数的估计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4
M. P. Artemov, I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, V. M. Tretyak
Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range.Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader.Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block.Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers.With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse.Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.
目的。实验方法估算了矿肥颗粒的飞行距离,确定了肥料散射火炬的形状,将实际研究结果与理论计算的飞行距离进行了比较。肥料撒布机模型样品的全尺寸实验研究。结果。为提高矿质肥料的筛分质量,提出了一种多盘式矿肥表面筛分装置。提出将器件做成独立的、功能独立的模块形式。每个模块由三个独立单元组成:一个带搅拌器的肥料罐;带校准孔的水平圆盘点胶机;水平铺板每个模块都配备了自己的电力驱动,允许它们单独调整到特定的操作模式。通过对散装矿肥主动强制分批加药机样机的研究,取得了满意的效果。这样就可以在规定的范围内调节撒盘上肥料的用量,并通过撒盘的一定转速的个别设置来控制撒盘上肥料的施用范围。这种安排不限制其数量和在车架上的附着点,机组的工作宽度将仅由其数量和每个单独块施用肥料的范围来调节。矿肥颗粒的飞行范围取决于散布盘的旋转频率、离地表面的高度和肥料的风动系数。随着展开盘高度位置从0.2 m变化到1 m,展开盘速度为46.6;33.3;50 s-1时,粒状过磷酸钙(双粒)分布范围为1.56 ~ 7.65 m,粒状过磷酸钙分布范围为1.54 ~ 7.24 m,粒状硝酸铵分布范围为1.46 ~ 6 m。实际方法和理论方法得到的球团飞行距离在要求范围内吻合。所得到的肥料颗粒散布点的形状允许,在一条线上安装几个散布模块的情况下,以细长椭圆的形式获得肥料散布。关键词:矿质肥料,散炬,颗粒,散布盘,旋转频率,飞行范围。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical modeling of the biomass briquetting process in a closed channel 封闭通道中生物质压块过程的分析建模
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13
O. Yeremenko, S. Subota
AnnotationPurpose. Increasing the efficiency of biomass briquetting by developing, at the first stage, a graphic-analytical model of a shock-mechanical press with a closed matrix channel.Methods. Graphic-analytical modeling of impact pressing of biomass into briquettes in a closed channel of the matrix; linearization, according to which a non-linear function is replaced by a linear function; mathematical modeling, assumes the dependence of the degree of compaction of biomass on the magnitude of the shock load (impulse) and reveals the nonlinear nature of the resistance of biomass to shocks and deformations.Results. On the basis of the analysis, the main factors of the course of the biomass briquetting process in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press have been determined. The physical essence of obtaining briquettes from dispersed biomass is described.The developed graph-analytical model of biomass briquetting in the closed matrix of a stamp press is substantiated. The application of the method of linearization helps to simplify the mathematical model on the criterion of adequacy in relation to the real conditions of the process.Conclusions The developed graphic-analytical model of the process of briquetting of plant biomass in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press allows to find out in abstract form the physical essence of this complex phenomenon. According to the results of analytical modeling of the process of biomass compaction in the base with elastic properties it is established that the density of the briquette increases monotonically, asymptotically approaching the plastic state of the monolithic product. The application of the method of linearization of the nonlinear function F(y_1^((1) ) ) simplifies the analysis of the model on the length of the matrix channel in the interval (0; l_1 ), and the coefficient of linearization of the biomass resistance force is the basis of the mathematical model closed channel after each i-th blow.Keywords: briquette press, biomass, briquettes, shock method, stamp, closed channel, matrix, modeling, linearization.
AnnotationPurpose。在第一阶段,通过开发具有封闭基质通道的冲击机械压力机的图形分析模型来提高生物质压块的效率。生物质在基质封闭通道中冲击压制成块的图形分析模型线性化,用线性函数代替非线性函数;数学模型,假设生物质的压实程度依赖于冲击载荷(脉冲)的大小,并揭示了生物质的抗冲击和变形的非线性性质。在此基础上,确定了影响冲压机封闭基质通道生物质成型过程的主要因素。描述了从分散的生物质中获得型煤的物理本质。建立了冲压机封闭基质中生物质压块的图形分析模型。线性化方法的应用有助于简化与过程实际情况有关的充分性准则的数学模型。建立的植物生物质在冲压机封闭基质通道中压块过程的图形分析模型,可以抽象地揭示这一复杂现象的物理本质。根据生物质在弹性基材中压实过程的解析建模结果,确定了型煤的密度单调增加,渐近于整体产品的塑性状态。非线性函数F(y_1^((1)))线性化方法的应用简化了对区间(0;L_1),生物量阻力的线性化系数是建立每i次打击后封闭通道数学模型的基础。关键词:型煤压机,生物质,型煤,冲击法,冲压,封闭通道,矩阵,建模,线性化。
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引用次数: 0
Use of biological oils for agricultural machinery 生物油在农业机械中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15
D. Zhuravel, D. Milko, A. Bondar
Purpose. Improvement of tribotechnical properties of organic oil to ensure the reliable operation of nodes and units of functional systems of mobile agricultural machinery.Methods. The methods of estimation of tribotechnical properties of lubricants of biological origin were used.Results. The methodology of improvement of tribotechnical properties of biological oil for mobile agricultural machinery is considered.As a result of the conducted researches it is established that materials that work in the environment of biological lubricants have the best resistance to wear, in addition, the wear in the environment of biological oils is practically independent of the tribosystem load. However, organic oil is prone to negative processes that lead to polymerization and oxidation. To improve the tribotechnical properties of organic oil, it is necessary to introduce special additives and additives in it, which will allow to level these processes.Conclusions.1. It is established that the use of blended oil is promising. The widespread use of vegetable oil in the production of lubricants will solve some of the complex environmental problems.2. The chemical and tribotechnical properties of organic oil are better than those of mineral oils, but they are inferior to the resistance to oxidation, so it is advisable to introduce multifunctional additives and additives to improve its basic characteristics. However, additives to organic oils have structural components of different origin, they are unsystematized and have no scientific justification to ensure the wear resistance of the surface layers of friction pairs of nodes and aggregates of mobile machinery.3. As a result of the researches it was established that the wear of the samples for friction steam “spool – the valve body” decreased in the environments: rapeseed oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of ICF-18 by 75%; of sunflower oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of MKF-18 by 80%.Keywords: agricultural technology, the reliability of functional systems, tribotechnical properties, metalplating additives, biological fluids, lubricants, units and aggregates.
目的。提高有机油摩擦学性能,保证移动农业机械功能系统节点和单元的可靠运行。对生物源润滑油的摩擦学性能进行了评价。研究了提高移动式农业机械用生物油摩擦学性能的方法。研究结果表明,在生物润滑油环境下工作的材料具有最佳的耐磨性,并且生物油环境下的磨损几乎与摩擦系统负载无关。然而,有机油容易发生导致聚合和氧化的负面过程。为了改善有机油脂的摩擦学性能,有必要在有机油脂中加入特殊的添加剂和添加剂,以使这些过程趋于均匀。结果表明,混合油的应用前景广阔。植物油在润滑油生产中的广泛使用将解决一些复杂的环境问题。有机油的化学性能和摩擦学性能优于矿物油,但在抗氧化性方面不如矿物油,因此宜引入多功能添加剂和添加剂来改善其基本特性。然而,有机油的添加剂具有不同来源的结构成分,它们不系统,没有科学的依据来保证移动机械节点和聚集体摩擦副的表面层的耐磨性。研究结果表明,摩擦蒸汽“阀芯-阀体”试样在菜籽油和添加ICF-18的环境下的磨损量分别降低了62.5%和75%;MKF-18对葵花籽油的增效率为62.5%,对1.0%的增效率为80%。关键词:农业技术,功能系统的可靠性,摩擦技术性能,金属镀层添加剂,生物流体,润滑剂,单元和聚集体。
{"title":"Use of biological oils for agricultural machinery","authors":"D. Zhuravel, D. Milko, A. Bondar","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improvement of tribotechnical properties of organic oil to ensure the reliable operation of nodes and units of functional systems of mobile agricultural machinery.\u0000Methods. The methods of estimation of tribotechnical properties of lubricants of biological origin were used.\u0000Results. The methodology of improvement of tribotechnical properties of biological oil for mobile agricultural machinery is considered.\u0000As a result of the conducted researches it is established that materials that work in the environment of biological lubricants have the best resistance to wear, in addition, the wear in the environment of biological oils is practically independent of the tribosystem load. However, organic oil is prone to negative processes that lead to polymerization and oxidation. To improve the tribotechnical properties of organic oil, it is necessary to introduce special additives and additives in it, which will allow to level these processes.\u0000Conclusions.\u00001. It is established that the use of blended oil is promising. The widespread use of vegetable oil in the production of lubricants will solve some of the complex environmental problems.\u00002. The chemical and tribotechnical properties of organic oil are better than those of mineral oils, but they are inferior to the resistance to oxidation, so it is advisable to introduce multifunctional additives and additives to improve its basic characteristics. However, additives to organic oils have structural components of different origin, they are unsystematized and have no scientific justification to ensure the wear resistance of the surface layers of friction pairs of nodes and aggregates of mobile machinery.\u00003. As a result of the researches it was established that the wear of the samples for friction steam “spool – the valve body” decreased in the environments: rapeseed oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of ICF-18 by 75%; of sunflower oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of MKF-18 by 80%.\u0000Keywords: agricultural technology, the reliability of functional systems, tribotechnical properties, metalplating additives, biological fluids, lubricants, units and aggregates.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum 建立了真空中种子接触加热过程的数学模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10
V. Shvydia
AnnotationPurpose. To increase the degree of adequacy of the mathematical model of contact heating of seeds in a vacuum due to the refinement of the overall coefficient of thermal conductivity.Methods. The study of the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum was carried out using the methods of optical physics, planimetry, thermal physics. Mathematical dependencies were developed using algebraic transformations. The analysis of the obtained mathematical dependencies was carried out by the methods of technical analysis and graphic-analytical methods by comparing the graphs of the seed heating kinetics.Results. The total heat flow in the vacuum chamber, which exits the heating surface and is divided into two flows, has been studied, one of them transfers heat due to heat conduction through the touch of seeds with a heating surface and between themselves, and the second transfers heat through radiation in the cavities between the seeds. Calculation formulas for these heat fluxes have been developed, through which the formula for calculating the total thermal conductivity coefficient has been determined. This formula shows that the overall thermal conductivity is less than the theoretical value and depends on the equivalent seed diameter and seed characteristics.Conclusions. It has been established that the total thermal conductivity coefficient of seeds is less than the theoretical one due to voids between seeds, in which the heat of less heated layers propagates through radiation. The loss of thermal energy in the voids between the seeds increase the duration of the heating process and depend on the equivalent diameter of the seeds, the degree of blackness and the difference between the initial temperatures of the seeds and the heating surface.Keywords: seeds, contact heating, seed temperature, thermal conductivity, radiation, heat flux, heating surface, equivalent diameter, space between seeds.
AnnotationPurpose。通过对总导热系数的改进,提高了真空中种子接触加热数学模型的充分性。运用光学物理、平面测量学、热物理等方法,对真空中种子接触加热过程的数学模型进行了研究。数学依赖关系是用代数变换发展起来的。通过对种子加热动力学图形的比较,采用技术分析和图形分析的方法对得到的数学相关性进行了分析。研究了从受热面流出的真空室的总热流,将其分为两流,其中一流是通过与受热面接触以及种子之间的热传导来传递热量,另一流是通过种子之间的腔体中的辐射来传递热量。建立了这些热流的计算公式,并由此确定了总导热系数的计算公式。由公式可知,总导热系数小于理论值,取决于种子的等效直径和种子的特性。已经确定种子的总导热系数小于理论值,这是由于种子之间存在空隙,其中受热较少的层的热量通过辐射传播。在种子之间的空隙中热能的损失增加了加热过程的持续时间,这取决于种子的等效直径、黑度以及种子与受热面的初始温度之差。关键词:种子,接触加热,种子温度,导热系数,辐射,热流密度,受热面,等效直径,种子间距。
{"title":"To the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum","authors":"V. Shvydia","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. To increase the degree of adequacy of the mathematical model of contact heating of seeds in a vacuum due to the refinement of the overall coefficient of thermal conductivity.\u0000Methods. The study of the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum was carried out using the methods of optical physics, planimetry, thermal physics. Mathematical dependencies were developed using algebraic transformations. The analysis of the obtained mathematical dependencies was carried out by the methods of technical analysis and graphic-analytical methods by comparing the graphs of the seed heating kinetics.\u0000Results. The total heat flow in the vacuum chamber, which exits the heating surface and is divided into two flows, has been studied, one of them transfers heat due to heat conduction through the touch of seeds with a heating surface and between themselves, and the second transfers heat through radiation in the cavities between the seeds. Calculation formulas for these heat fluxes have been developed, through which the formula for calculating the total thermal conductivity coefficient has been determined. This formula shows that the overall thermal conductivity is less than the theoretical value and depends on the equivalent seed diameter and seed characteristics.\u0000Conclusions. It has been established that the total thermal conductivity coefficient of seeds is less than the theoretical one due to voids between seeds, in which the heat of less heated layers propagates through radiation. The loss of thermal energy in the voids between the seeds increase the duration of the heating process and depend on the equivalent diameter of the seeds, the degree of blackness and the difference between the initial temperatures of the seeds and the heating surface.\u0000Keywords: seeds, contact heating, seed temperature, thermal conductivity, radiation, heat flux, heating surface, equivalent diameter, space between seeds.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theoretical studies of the process of distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field 生物材料在场表面分布过程的理论研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5
S. Maranda
Purpose. Improving the quality of resettlement through Trichogramma the establishment of rational modes of operation of the dosing and seeding device (DVP) of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).Methods. Theoretical studies of the motion of a particle of the test material. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing.Results. On the basis of the analysis of trichogram resettlement means, the design of the dosing and seeding device of the unmanned aerial vehicle for trichogram resettlement was determined. As a result of the theoretical studies, the trajectory of motion of the particle of the test biomaterial was determined, which makes it possible to set the working width of the capture.According to the results of experimental studies, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly with increasing flight altitude. However, factors such as plant height and obstacles in the field must be taken into account, so flight altitudes of at least 5 m should be respected.Due to the air flow from the quadcopter propellers, the grip width is significantly reduced. Therefore, for qualitative distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m.Conclusions1.According to the results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies it is established that the flight altitude of an unmanned aerial vehicle during trichogram settlement should not be less than 5 m from the surface of the plant.2.The qualitative estimation of material distribution on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within 3–5 m/s.3.The uniformity of distribution of biomaterials is greatly enhanced by the correct selection of the working width of the grip, which should be about 6 m.Keywords: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.
目的。通过赤眼蜂提高移民安置质量,建立无人机投药播种装置(DVP)的合理操作模式。试验材料中粒子运动的理论研究。实验研究采用三因素实验策划的方法,统计数据处理的方法。结果。在分析三角图移民方式的基础上,确定了无人机三角图移民给药播种装置的设计。通过理论研究,确定了测试生物材料的粒子运动轨迹,从而可以设置捕获的工作宽度。实验研究结果表明,随着飞行高度的增加,物料分布质量变化不明显。但是,必须考虑到植物高度和田间障碍物等因素,因此应尊重至少5米的飞行高度。由于气流从四轴飞行器螺旋桨,抓地力的宽度是显着减少。因此,为了使生物材料在场表面的定性分布,相邻通道之间的距离应为6 m。根据理论计算和试验研究的结果,确定了无人机在三角图沉降过程中的飞行高度应不小于离地表5 m。对场地表面物料分布的定性估计取决于飞行速度,应在3-5 m/s以内。正确选择握把的工作宽度为6 m左右,大大提高了生物材料分布的均匀性。关键词:喷施装置,喷射器,无人机,植物生物防护,毛状图重塑,沉降规范,捕获宽度
{"title":"Theoretical studies of the process of distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field","authors":"S. Maranda","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improving the quality of resettlement through Trichogramma the establishment of rational modes of operation of the dosing and seeding device (DVP) of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).\u0000Methods. Theoretical studies of the motion of a particle of the test material. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing.\u0000Results. On the basis of the analysis of trichogram resettlement means, the design of the dosing and seeding device of the unmanned aerial vehicle for trichogram resettlement was determined. As a result of the theoretical studies, the trajectory of motion of the particle of the test biomaterial was determined, which makes it possible to set the working width of the capture.\u0000According to the results of experimental studies, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly with increasing flight altitude. However, factors such as plant height and obstacles in the field must be taken into account, so flight altitudes of at least 5 m should be respected.\u0000Due to the air flow from the quadcopter propellers, the grip width is significantly reduced. Therefore, for qualitative distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.According to the results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies it is established that the flight altitude of an unmanned aerial vehicle during trichogram settlement should not be less than 5 m from the surface of the plant.\u00002.The qualitative estimation of material distribution on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within 3–5 m/s.\u00003.The uniformity of distribution of biomaterials is greatly enhanced by the correct selection of the working width of the grip, which should be about 6 m.\u0000Keywords: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116075695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Research of the windrow formation process of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crop during harvesting for energy purposes 以能源为目的,研究玉米和向日葵作物收割时非籽粒部分的成窗过程
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-6
A. Kuzmych, M. Aneliak, O. Hrytsaka
AnnotationPurpose. Improving the harvesting efficiency of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crops for energy purposes by substantiation of technical means for the forming the windrows with increased linear mass.Methods. Analysis of technological processes of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop (NGP) of corn and sunflower, mathematical modeling of material distribution and the windrow formation of the non-grain part of the crop.Results. The analysis of harvesting technological processes of corn and sunflower NGP is carried out. The way of harvesting of the NGP which has passed through a combine thresher into the trailed hopper with the increased running weight windrow formation on the field edge is proved. The dependences of the sheer force of the crushed layer of the NGP by the vertical wall of the combine harvester's trailed hopper are obtained analytically. Numerical simulation of material distribution and windrow formation of the NGP was performed. The constructional-technological scheme and parameters of the trailed hopper-windrower of the combine harvester are substantiated.Conclusions. The efficiency of harvesting the NGP of corn and sunflower for energy purposes can be improved by collecting the crushed mass passing through the combine thresher into a trailed hopper and forming the windrows with increased linear mass at the edge of the field for drying out and subsequent lifting by serial balers.The structural and technological scheme of a trailed hopper-windrower for a combine with a folding conveyor has been developed based on the results of simulation the processes of moving the stalk masses of the NGP of corn and sunflower.It was found that, the windrow formation process proceeds stably when the height of the crushed material of the NGP of corn and sunflower in the hopper chamber is within 2.0–2.2 m, with the angle of inclination of the discarding conveyor to the vertical within 8–15 deg and the speed it movement within 3–4 m/s.Keywords: non-grain part of the crop of corn and sunflower, harvesting of non-grain part of the crop, windrow formation.
AnnotationPurpose。采用增加线质量的窗形成技术手段,提高玉米和向日葵能源作物非籽粒部分的收获效率。对玉米和向日葵非粒部作物收获工艺过程进行了分析,并对非粒部作物的物料分布和窗口形成进行了数学建模。对玉米、向日葵NGP的收获工艺流程进行了分析。证明了通过联合脱粒机进入拖尾料斗的玉米收获方式,并在田间边缘形成了增加运行重量的窗口。分析了联合收割机拖尾料斗垂直壁对破碎层的绝对力的依赖关系。对NGP的材料分布和窗口形成进行了数值模拟。确定了联合收割机拖尾斗风机的结构工艺方案和参数。通过将粉碎的质量通过联合脱粒机收集到拖尾料斗中,并在田地边缘形成线性质量增加的窗口,用于干燥和随后由系列打捆机提升,可以提高玉米和向日葵的NGP收割效率。根据对玉米和向日葵籽粒秸秆质量移动过程的仿真结果,提出了带折叠输送机的联合收割机拖尾斗风机的结构和工艺方案。研究发现,当玉米、向日葵NGP破碎物料在料仓内的高度在2.0 ~ 2.2 m范围内,出料输送机的倾斜角在8 ~ 15°范围内,出料输送机的运动速度在3 ~ 4 m/s范围内,出料窗形成过程较为稳定。关键词:玉米、向日葵非粒部作物;非粒部作物收获;
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引用次数: 1
The engineering design of fermentation unit for microbial plant protection products small-scale manufacturing 微生物植保产品小规模生产发酵装置的工程设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-6
V. Khodorchuk, V. Yaroshevsky
AnnotationPurpose. Fermentation unit development based of thin-walled bioreactors for microbial plant protection products manufacturing.Methods. System design technique, cost-effectiveness analysis, experimental proof and tests.Results. The fermentation unit was designed. It consists of upgraded industrial sterilizer for nutrient medium making and it further sterilization, two thin-walled fermenters, which could be run in two agitation modes: air bubbling and external loop circulation by pump. Equipment sterilization was substituted by disinfect cleaning and steaming. Air and water flows were sterilized by filtration and UV-radiation. Conclusions1. The engineering design of modern fermentation unit FU-500 with 500 dm3 per cycle capacity was developed, intended for further design documents development and also for using in investment projects.2. The design of cleaning and sterilization procedures support was worked out, specifically easy-removal piping system was employed; fermentation vessels were fitted with minimum amount of connecting sockets and had no prominent parts inside.3. In comparison with the fermentation complex CFM-420 the present engineering design permits technical and economical parameters significant improvement, in particular capacity increasing at 19 %, equipment weight decrease at 47 %, rated output power reduction at 69 % and 60 % operating aria save.Keywords: design, thin-walled fermenter, simplified sterilization, plant protection.
AnnotationPurpose。基于薄壁生物反应器的微生物植物保护产品生产发酵装置的研制。方法。系统设计技术,成本效益分析,实验证明和测试结果。设计了发酵装置。它由用于营养培养基制作和进一步灭菌的升级工业灭菌器和两个薄壁发酵罐组成,可采用空气鼓泡和泵外循环两种搅拌方式运行。设备灭菌以消毒清洗和蒸煮代替。空气和水流通过过滤和紫外线辐射消毒。Conclusions1。开发了现代发酵装置FU-500的工程设计,每循环容量为500 dm3,用于进一步的设计文件开发,也用于投资项目。设计了清洗和灭菌程序支持,具体采用易拆卸管路系统;发酵容器安装的连接插座数量最少,内部没有突出的部件。与发酵复合装置CFM-420相比,目前的工程设计在技术和经济参数上有了显著的改进,特别是产能增加19%,设备重量减少47%,额定输出功率减少69%,运行成本节省60%。关键词:设计,薄壁发酵罐,简化杀菌,植物保护。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants 沼气厂用泵的运行分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-17
A. Skliar, R. Skliar
Purpose. Analyze the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants and the features of their use. Provide guidance on the use of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and features of maintenance.Methods. In the analysis of different types of pumps the methods of system and comparative analysis, scientific generalizations and method of argumentation are used.Results. The article analyzes existing pump designs for pumping manure (substrate). The comparative characteristics of the following pumps, which are most commonly used in biogas plants, are given: centrifugal, eccentric auger and rotary piston. As a result of the analysis the characteristics of their application, advantages and disadvantages, variants of structures and features of maintenance were obtained.Conclusions. The choice of suitable pumps according to the capacity and characteristics depends largely on the substrates used, their degree of preparation and/or dry matter content. An analysis of existing designs has shown that the use of plunger pumps (especially rotary ones) has many advantages over centrifugal ones: the ability to work with viscous substrates, self-priming and more pressure stable, suitable for substrate dosing, easy to maintain.Keywords: pump, biogas plant, methane tank, substrate, sludge, dry matter, manure.
目的。分析沼气厂使用时泵的运行情况及其使用特点。提供不同类型泵的使用指导,它们的优点和缺点,以及维护的特点。在对不同类型的泵进行分析时,采用了系统分析和比较分析的方法,科学的归纳和论证的方法。本文分析了现有的抽粪(底)泵的设计。给出了沼气厂最常用的以下几种泵的比较特点:离心式、偏心螺旋泵和旋转活塞泵。分析了其应用特点、优缺点、结构变化及维修特点。根据容量和特性选择合适的泵在很大程度上取决于所使用的基材,其制备程度和/或干物质含量。对现有设计的分析表明,使用柱塞泵(特别是旋转泵)比离心泵有许多优点:能够与粘性基材一起工作,自吸和更稳定的压力,适合基材加药,易于维护。关键词:泵,沼气厂,沼气池,基质,污泥,干物质,粪肥
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引用次数: 0
Automation of temperature control of a heat generator with a fuzzy logic controller 用模糊控制器实现热发生器温度控制的自动化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-17
Kotov B. І., Stepanenko S. P., Hryshchenko V. O., Pantsir Y. I., Gerasimchuk I. D.
Purpose. Improving the quality of temperature control of a heat generating installation for air heating.Methods. The specificity of the issue under consideration determines the analytical method of research by formulating a mathematical model of the non-stationary thermal regime of the heat generator and calculating the parameters of the temperature controller based on fuzzy logic.Results. Analysis of the thermal effects of a heat generator with a heat exchanger, a physical model is determined and, on its basis, a mathematical model of non-stationary heat transfer in the elements of the heat generator design is formulated. The model is presented in the form of three partial differential equations. An approximate solution of the system of equations and generalized simplifications made it possible to determine the dynamic model by means of first-order aperiodic transfer functions with delay. Based on the identified model coefficients, a fuzzy controller rule base and an automatic temperature control system were created in two versions: with a typical PID controller and a fuzzy temperature controller. The analysis of transient processes of regulation of the automatic temperature control system was carried out.Conclusions. An analysis of the characteristics of the transient process of the automatic temperature control system revealed that the control time of a system with a fuzzy controller is less than in a system with a typical PID controller. Therefore, a fuzzy air temperature control system in a heat generator can be used to automate a significant class of heat generating devices.Keywords: heat generator, fuzzy controller, dynamic mode, mathematical model, production room.
目的。提高空气供热装置温度控制的质量。方法。所考虑问题的特殊性决定了研究的分析方法,即通过建立热发生器非平稳热态的数学模型,并基于模糊逻辑计算温控器的参数。分析了带换热器的热发生器的热效应,确定了物理模型,并在此基础上建立了热发生器设计要素中非稳态传热的数学模型。该模型以三个偏微分方程的形式表示。方程组的近似解和广义简化使得用一阶带时滞的非周期传递函数确定动力学模型成为可能。基于辨识出的模型系数,建立了模糊控制器规则库和温度自动控制系统,分别采用典型PID控制器和模糊温度控制器。对自动温控系统的暂态调节过程进行了分析。通过对温度自动控制系统瞬态过程特性的分析,表明采用模糊控制器的温度自动控制系统比采用典型PID控制器的温度自动控制系统的控制时间要短。因此,热发生器中的模糊空气温度控制系统可用于自动化一类重要的热产生装置。关键词:热发生器,模糊控制器,动态模式,数学模型,生产车间。
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引用次数: 0
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Mehanization and electrification of agricultural
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