Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1
Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Holovach I. V., Ihnatiev Ye. І.
Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil. Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used. Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed. Conclusions 1. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies. 2. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing. 3. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively. Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.
目的。建立了直接播种机圆盘式播种机总成振荡运动的理论规律,论证了圆盘式播种机的合理模式,保证了种子在土壤中的高质量播种。在研究过程中,运用了农业机械理论及其工艺过程建模方法、高等数学方法、理论力学方法以及个人计算机数值计算方法。编制了直播播种机播种机播种机在沿不平整地面的运动过程中,在土壤表面反作用力作用下产生的播种机播种机的平动和角振荡的微分方程。微分方程的解析解使计算所研究的振动的频率和振幅的表达式成为可能,这取决于冷却器的结构和运动参数以及土壤表面不规则性的参数。在得到解析表达式的基础上,构造了双弹簧悬吊不同刚度时,直播播种机插拔装置的振荡幅值与其平移运动速度的图形关系。利用所获得的新的解析依赖关系确定播种机的设计参数、其平移运动速度和土壤表面不均匀度参数的合理组合,保证了播种机的播种质量。所获得的用于确定收集器组件垂直振荡幅度和频率的表达式使这些振荡的幅度及其对播种质量的影响最小化成为可能。当播种机平移运动速度从0.6 m s-1到1.0 m s-1时,播种机组件的扰动频率与固有频率一致时,得到振荡幅度的共振值。当运动速度从1.2 m s-1增加到4 m s-1,弹簧刚度= 16815-67270 N∙m - 1, = 17150-68600 N∙m - 1时,垂向振荡幅度指标趋于稳定,分别在0.01-0.0004 m范围内。关键词:播种机,收割机,齿盘,土壤表面不规则,振荡,微分方程,振幅,频率。
{"title":"The theory of oscillating movement in the soil of a toothed disc colter of a direct seeding grain seeder","authors":"Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Holovach I. V., Ihnatiev Ye. І.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil.\u0000Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used.\u0000Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies.\u00002. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing.\u00003. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively.\u0000Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115178803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4
M. P. Artemov, I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, V. M. Tretyak
Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range. Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader. Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block. Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers. With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.
{"title":"Estimation of dimensional and qualitative parameters of disk spreader with electric drive","authors":"M. P. Artemov, I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, V. M. Tretyak","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range.\u0000Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader.\u0000Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block.\u0000Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers.\u0000With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. \u0000The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse.\u0000Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13
O. Yeremenko, S. Subota
Annotation Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of biomass briquetting by developing, at the first stage, a graphic-analytical model of a shock-mechanical press with a closed matrix channel. Methods. Graphic-analytical modeling of impact pressing of biomass into briquettes in a closed channel of the matrix; linearization, according to which a non-linear function is replaced by a linear function; mathematical modeling, assumes the dependence of the degree of compaction of biomass on the magnitude of the shock load (impulse) and reveals the nonlinear nature of the resistance of biomass to shocks and deformations. Results. On the basis of the analysis, the main factors of the course of the biomass briquetting process in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press have been determined. The physical essence of obtaining briquettes from dispersed biomass is described. The developed graph-analytical model of biomass briquetting in the closed matrix of a stamp press is substantiated. The application of the method of linearization helps to simplify the mathematical model on the criterion of adequacy in relation to the real conditions of the process. Conclusions The developed graphic-analytical model of the process of briquetting of plant biomass in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press allows to find out in abstract form the physical essence of this complex phenomenon. According to the results of analytical modeling of the process of biomass compaction in the base with elastic properties it is established that the density of the briquette increases monotonically, asymptotically approaching the plastic state of the monolithic product. The application of the method of linearization of the nonlinear function F(y_1^((1) ) ) simplifies the analysis of the model on the length of the matrix channel in the interval (0; l_1 ), and the coefficient of linearization of the biomass resistance force is the basis of the mathematical model closed channel after each i-th blow. Keywords: briquette press, biomass, briquettes, shock method, stamp, closed channel, matrix, modeling, linearization.
{"title":"Analytical modeling of the biomass briquetting process in a closed channel","authors":"O. Yeremenko, S. Subota","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of biomass briquetting by developing, at the first stage, a graphic-analytical model of a shock-mechanical press with a closed matrix channel.\u0000Methods. Graphic-analytical modeling of impact pressing of biomass into briquettes in a closed channel of the matrix; linearization, according to which a non-linear function is replaced by a linear function; mathematical modeling, assumes the dependence of the degree of compaction of biomass on the magnitude of the shock load (impulse) and reveals the nonlinear nature of the resistance of biomass to shocks and deformations.\u0000Results. On the basis of the analysis, the main factors of the course of the biomass briquetting process in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press have been determined. The physical essence of obtaining briquettes from dispersed biomass is described.\u0000The developed graph-analytical model of biomass briquetting in the closed matrix of a stamp press is substantiated. The application of the method of linearization helps to simplify the mathematical model on the criterion of adequacy in relation to the real conditions of the process.\u0000Conclusions\u0000 The developed graphic-analytical model of the process of briquetting of plant biomass in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press allows to find out in abstract form the physical essence of this complex phenomenon.\u0000 According to the results of analytical modeling of the process of biomass compaction in the base with elastic properties it is established that the density of the briquette increases monotonically, asymptotically approaching the plastic state of the monolithic product.\u0000 The application of the method of linearization of the nonlinear function F(y_1^((1) ) ) simplifies the analysis of the model on the length of the matrix channel in the interval (0; l_1 ), and the coefficient of linearization of the biomass resistance force is the basis of the mathematical model closed channel after each i-th blow.\u0000Keywords: briquette press, biomass, briquettes, shock method, stamp, closed channel, matrix, modeling, linearization.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15
D. Zhuravel, D. Milko, A. Bondar
Purpose. Improvement of tribotechnical properties of organic oil to ensure the reliable operation of nodes and units of functional systems of mobile agricultural machinery. Methods. The methods of estimation of tribotechnical properties of lubricants of biological origin were used. Results. The methodology of improvement of tribotechnical properties of biological oil for mobile agricultural machinery is considered. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that materials that work in the environment of biological lubricants have the best resistance to wear, in addition, the wear in the environment of biological oils is practically independent of the tribosystem load. However, organic oil is prone to negative processes that lead to polymerization and oxidation. To improve the tribotechnical properties of organic oil, it is necessary to introduce special additives and additives in it, which will allow to level these processes. Conclusions. 1. It is established that the use of blended oil is promising. The widespread use of vegetable oil in the production of lubricants will solve some of the complex environmental problems. 2. The chemical and tribotechnical properties of organic oil are better than those of mineral oils, but they are inferior to the resistance to oxidation, so it is advisable to introduce multifunctional additives and additives to improve its basic characteristics. However, additives to organic oils have structural components of different origin, they are unsystematized and have no scientific justification to ensure the wear resistance of the surface layers of friction pairs of nodes and aggregates of mobile machinery. 3. As a result of the researches it was established that the wear of the samples for friction steam “spool – the valve body” decreased in the environments: rapeseed oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of ICF-18 by 75%; of sunflower oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of MKF-18 by 80%. Keywords: agricultural technology, the reliability of functional systems, tribotechnical properties, metalplating additives, biological fluids, lubricants, units and aggregates.
{"title":"Use of biological oils for agricultural machinery","authors":"D. Zhuravel, D. Milko, A. Bondar","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improvement of tribotechnical properties of organic oil to ensure the reliable operation of nodes and units of functional systems of mobile agricultural machinery.\u0000Methods. The methods of estimation of tribotechnical properties of lubricants of biological origin were used.\u0000Results. The methodology of improvement of tribotechnical properties of biological oil for mobile agricultural machinery is considered.\u0000As a result of the conducted researches it is established that materials that work in the environment of biological lubricants have the best resistance to wear, in addition, the wear in the environment of biological oils is practically independent of the tribosystem load. However, organic oil is prone to negative processes that lead to polymerization and oxidation. To improve the tribotechnical properties of organic oil, it is necessary to introduce special additives and additives in it, which will allow to level these processes.\u0000Conclusions.\u00001. It is established that the use of blended oil is promising. The widespread use of vegetable oil in the production of lubricants will solve some of the complex environmental problems.\u00002. The chemical and tribotechnical properties of organic oil are better than those of mineral oils, but they are inferior to the resistance to oxidation, so it is advisable to introduce multifunctional additives and additives to improve its basic characteristics. However, additives to organic oils have structural components of different origin, they are unsystematized and have no scientific justification to ensure the wear resistance of the surface layers of friction pairs of nodes and aggregates of mobile machinery.\u00003. As a result of the researches it was established that the wear of the samples for friction steam “spool – the valve body” decreased in the environments: rapeseed oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of ICF-18 by 75%; of sunflower oil by 62.5%, and with 1.0% by the addition of MKF-18 by 80%.\u0000Keywords: agricultural technology, the reliability of functional systems, tribotechnical properties, metalplating additives, biological fluids, lubricants, units and aggregates.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10
V. Shvydia
Annotation Purpose. To increase the degree of adequacy of the mathematical model of contact heating of seeds in a vacuum due to the refinement of the overall coefficient of thermal conductivity. Methods. The study of the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum was carried out using the methods of optical physics, planimetry, thermal physics. Mathematical dependencies were developed using algebraic transformations. The analysis of the obtained mathematical dependencies was carried out by the methods of technical analysis and graphic-analytical methods by comparing the graphs of the seed heating kinetics. Results. The total heat flow in the vacuum chamber, which exits the heating surface and is divided into two flows, has been studied, one of them transfers heat due to heat conduction through the touch of seeds with a heating surface and between themselves, and the second transfers heat through radiation in the cavities between the seeds. Calculation formulas for these heat fluxes have been developed, through which the formula for calculating the total thermal conductivity coefficient has been determined. This formula shows that the overall thermal conductivity is less than the theoretical value and depends on the equivalent seed diameter and seed characteristics. Conclusions. It has been established that the total thermal conductivity coefficient of seeds is less than the theoretical one due to voids between seeds, in which the heat of less heated layers propagates through radiation. The loss of thermal energy in the voids between the seeds increase the duration of the heating process and depend on the equivalent diameter of the seeds, the degree of blackness and the difference between the initial temperatures of the seeds and the heating surface. Keywords: seeds, contact heating, seed temperature, thermal conductivity, radiation, heat flux, heating surface, equivalent diameter, space between seeds.
{"title":"To the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum","authors":"V. Shvydia","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-10","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. To increase the degree of adequacy of the mathematical model of contact heating of seeds in a vacuum due to the refinement of the overall coefficient of thermal conductivity.\u0000Methods. The study of the mathematical model of the process of contact heating of seeds in vacuum was carried out using the methods of optical physics, planimetry, thermal physics. Mathematical dependencies were developed using algebraic transformations. The analysis of the obtained mathematical dependencies was carried out by the methods of technical analysis and graphic-analytical methods by comparing the graphs of the seed heating kinetics.\u0000Results. The total heat flow in the vacuum chamber, which exits the heating surface and is divided into two flows, has been studied, one of them transfers heat due to heat conduction through the touch of seeds with a heating surface and between themselves, and the second transfers heat through radiation in the cavities between the seeds. Calculation formulas for these heat fluxes have been developed, through which the formula for calculating the total thermal conductivity coefficient has been determined. This formula shows that the overall thermal conductivity is less than the theoretical value and depends on the equivalent seed diameter and seed characteristics.\u0000Conclusions. It has been established that the total thermal conductivity coefficient of seeds is less than the theoretical one due to voids between seeds, in which the heat of less heated layers propagates through radiation. The loss of thermal energy in the voids between the seeds increase the duration of the heating process and depend on the equivalent diameter of the seeds, the degree of blackness and the difference between the initial temperatures of the seeds and the heating surface.\u0000Keywords: seeds, contact heating, seed temperature, thermal conductivity, radiation, heat flux, heating surface, equivalent diameter, space between seeds.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5
S. Maranda
Purpose. Improving the quality of resettlement through Trichogramma the establishment of rational modes of operation of the dosing and seeding device (DVP) of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Methods. Theoretical studies of the motion of a particle of the test material. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing. Results. On the basis of the analysis of trichogram resettlement means, the design of the dosing and seeding device of the unmanned aerial vehicle for trichogram resettlement was determined. As a result of the theoretical studies, the trajectory of motion of the particle of the test biomaterial was determined, which makes it possible to set the working width of the capture. According to the results of experimental studies, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly with increasing flight altitude. However, factors such as plant height and obstacles in the field must be taken into account, so flight altitudes of at least 5 m should be respected. Due to the air flow from the quadcopter propellers, the grip width is significantly reduced. Therefore, for qualitative distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m. Conclusions 1.According to the results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies it is established that the flight altitude of an unmanned aerial vehicle during trichogram settlement should not be less than 5 m from the surface of the plant. 2.The qualitative estimation of material distribution on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within 3–5 m/s. 3.The uniformity of distribution of biomaterials is greatly enhanced by the correct selection of the working width of the grip, which should be about 6 m. Keywords: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.
{"title":"Theoretical studies of the process of distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field","authors":"S. Maranda","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improving the quality of resettlement through Trichogramma the establishment of rational modes of operation of the dosing and seeding device (DVP) of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).\u0000Methods. Theoretical studies of the motion of a particle of the test material. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing.\u0000Results. On the basis of the analysis of trichogram resettlement means, the design of the dosing and seeding device of the unmanned aerial vehicle for trichogram resettlement was determined. As a result of the theoretical studies, the trajectory of motion of the particle of the test biomaterial was determined, which makes it possible to set the working width of the capture.\u0000According to the results of experimental studies, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly with increasing flight altitude. However, factors such as plant height and obstacles in the field must be taken into account, so flight altitudes of at least 5 m should be respected.\u0000Due to the air flow from the quadcopter propellers, the grip width is significantly reduced. Therefore, for qualitative distribution of biomaterial on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.According to the results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies it is established that the flight altitude of an unmanned aerial vehicle during trichogram settlement should not be less than 5 m from the surface of the plant.\u00002.The qualitative estimation of material distribution on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within 3–5 m/s.\u00003.The uniformity of distribution of biomaterials is greatly enhanced by the correct selection of the working width of the grip, which should be about 6 m.\u0000Keywords: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116075695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-6
A. Kuzmych, M. Aneliak, O. Hrytsaka
Annotation Purpose. Improving the harvesting efficiency of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crops for energy purposes by substantiation of technical means for the forming the windrows with increased linear mass. Methods. Analysis of technological processes of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop (NGP) of corn and sunflower, mathematical modeling of material distribution and the windrow formation of the non-grain part of the crop. Results. The analysis of harvesting technological processes of corn and sunflower NGP is carried out. The way of harvesting of the NGP which has passed through a combine thresher into the trailed hopper with the increased running weight windrow formation on the field edge is proved. The dependences of the sheer force of the crushed layer of the NGP by the vertical wall of the combine harvester's trailed hopper are obtained analytically. Numerical simulation of material distribution and windrow formation of the NGP was performed. The constructional-technological scheme and parameters of the trailed hopper-windrower of the combine harvester are substantiated. Conclusions. The efficiency of harvesting the NGP of corn and sunflower for energy purposes can be improved by collecting the crushed mass passing through the combine thresher into a trailed hopper and forming the windrows with increased linear mass at the edge of the field for drying out and subsequent lifting by serial balers. The structural and technological scheme of a trailed hopper-windrower for a combine with a folding conveyor has been developed based on the results of simulation the processes of moving the stalk masses of the NGP of corn and sunflower. It was found that, the windrow formation process proceeds stably when the height of the crushed material of the NGP of corn and sunflower in the hopper chamber is within 2.0–2.2 m, with the angle of inclination of the discarding conveyor to the vertical within 8–15 deg and the speed it movement within 3–4 m/s. Keywords: non-grain part of the crop of corn and sunflower, harvesting of non-grain part of the crop, windrow formation.
{"title":"Research of the windrow formation process of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crop during harvesting for energy purposes","authors":"A. Kuzmych, M. Aneliak, O. Hrytsaka","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-6","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Improving the harvesting efficiency of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crops for energy purposes by substantiation of technical means for the forming the windrows with increased linear mass.\u0000Methods. Analysis of technological processes of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop (NGP) of corn and sunflower, mathematical modeling of material distribution and the windrow formation of the non-grain part of the crop.\u0000Results. The analysis of harvesting technological processes of corn and sunflower NGP is carried out. The way of harvesting of the NGP which has passed through a combine thresher into the trailed hopper with the increased running weight windrow formation on the field edge is proved. The dependences of the sheer force of the crushed layer of the NGP by the vertical wall of the combine harvester's trailed hopper are obtained analytically. Numerical simulation of material distribution and windrow formation of the NGP was performed. The constructional-technological scheme and parameters of the trailed hopper-windrower of the combine harvester are substantiated.\u0000Conclusions. The efficiency of harvesting the NGP of corn and sunflower for energy purposes can be improved by collecting the crushed mass passing through the combine thresher into a trailed hopper and forming the windrows with increased linear mass at the edge of the field for drying out and subsequent lifting by serial balers.\u0000The structural and technological scheme of a trailed hopper-windrower for a combine with a folding conveyor has been developed based on the results of simulation the processes of moving the stalk masses of the NGP of corn and sunflower.\u0000It was found that, the windrow formation process proceeds stably when the height of the crushed material of the NGP of corn and sunflower in the hopper chamber is within 2.0–2.2 m, with the angle of inclination of the discarding conveyor to the vertical within 8–15 deg and the speed it movement within 3–4 m/s.\u0000Keywords: non-grain part of the crop of corn and sunflower, harvesting of non-grain part of the crop, windrow formation.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132603294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-6
V. Khodorchuk, V. Yaroshevsky
Annotation Purpose. Fermentation unit development based of thin-walled bioreactors for microbial plant protection products manufacturing. Methods. System design technique, cost-effectiveness analysis, experimental proof and tests. Results. The fermentation unit was designed. It consists of upgraded industrial sterilizer for nutrient medium making and it further sterilization, two thin-walled fermenters, which could be run in two agitation modes: air bubbling and external loop circulation by pump. Equipment sterilization was substituted by disinfect cleaning and steaming. Air and water flows were sterilized by filtration and UV-radiation. Conclusions 1. The engineering design of modern fermentation unit FU-500 with 500 dm3 per cycle capacity was developed, intended for further design documents development and also for using in investment projects. 2. The design of cleaning and sterilization procedures support was worked out, specifically easy-removal piping system was employed; fermentation vessels were fitted with minimum amount of connecting sockets and had no prominent parts inside. 3. In comparison with the fermentation complex CFM-420 the present engineering design permits technical and economical parameters significant improvement, in particular capacity increasing at 19 %, equipment weight decrease at 47 %, rated output power reduction at 69 % and 60 % operating aria save. Keywords: design, thin-walled fermenter, simplified sterilization, plant protection.
{"title":"The engineering design of fermentation unit for microbial plant protection products small-scale manufacturing","authors":"V. Khodorchuk, V. Yaroshevsky","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-6","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Fermentation unit development based of thin-walled bioreactors for microbial plant protection products manufacturing.\u0000Methods. System design technique, cost-effectiveness analysis, experimental proof and tests.\u0000Results. The fermentation unit was designed. It consists of upgraded industrial sterilizer for nutrient medium making and it further sterilization, two thin-walled fermenters, which could be run in two agitation modes: air bubbling and external loop circulation by pump. Equipment sterilization was substituted by disinfect cleaning and steaming. Air and water flows were sterilized by filtration and UV-radiation. \u0000Conclusions\u00001. The engineering design of modern fermentation unit FU-500 with 500 dm3 per cycle capacity was developed, intended for further design documents development and also for using in investment projects.\u00002. The design of cleaning and sterilization procedures support was worked out, specifically easy-removal piping system was employed; fermentation vessels were fitted with minimum amount of connecting sockets and had no prominent parts inside.\u00003. In comparison with the fermentation complex CFM-420 the present engineering design permits technical and economical parameters significant improvement, in particular capacity increasing at 19 %, equipment weight decrease at 47 %, rated output power reduction at 69 % and 60 % operating aria save.\u0000Keywords: design, thin-walled fermenter, simplified sterilization, plant protection.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132819856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-17
A. Skliar, R. Skliar
Purpose. Analyze the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants and the features of their use. Provide guidance on the use of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and features of maintenance. Methods. In the analysis of different types of pumps the methods of system and comparative analysis, scientific generalizations and method of argumentation are used. Results. The article analyzes existing pump designs for pumping manure (substrate). The comparative characteristics of the following pumps, which are most commonly used in biogas plants, are given: centrifugal, eccentric auger and rotary piston. As a result of the analysis the characteristics of their application, advantages and disadvantages, variants of structures and features of maintenance were obtained. Conclusions. The choice of suitable pumps according to the capacity and characteristics depends largely on the substrates used, their degree of preparation and/or dry matter content. An analysis of existing designs has shown that the use of plunger pumps (especially rotary ones) has many advantages over centrifugal ones: the ability to work with viscous substrates, self-priming and more pressure stable, suitable for substrate dosing, easy to maintain. Keywords: pump, biogas plant, methane tank, substrate, sludge, dry matter, manure.
{"title":"Analysis of the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants","authors":"A. Skliar, R. Skliar","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-17","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Analyze the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants and the features of their use. Provide guidance on the use of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and features of maintenance.\u0000Methods. In the analysis of different types of pumps the methods of system and comparative analysis, scientific generalizations and method of argumentation are used.\u0000Results. The article analyzes existing pump designs for pumping manure (substrate). The comparative characteristics of the following pumps, which are most commonly used in biogas plants, are given: centrifugal, eccentric auger and rotary piston. As a result of the analysis the characteristics of their application, advantages and disadvantages, variants of structures and features of maintenance were obtained.\u0000Conclusions. The choice of suitable pumps according to the capacity and characteristics depends largely on the substrates used, their degree of preparation and/or dry matter content. An analysis of existing designs has shown that the use of plunger pumps (especially rotary ones) has many advantages over centrifugal ones: the ability to work with viscous substrates, self-priming and more pressure stable, suitable for substrate dosing, easy to maintain.\u0000Keywords: pump, biogas plant, methane tank, substrate, sludge, dry matter, manure.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134192387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-17
Kotov B. І., Stepanenko S. P., Hryshchenko V. O., Pantsir Y. I., Gerasimchuk I. D.
Purpose. Improving the quality of temperature control of a heat generating installation for air heating. Methods. The specificity of the issue under consideration determines the analytical method of research by formulating a mathematical model of the non-stationary thermal regime of the heat generator and calculating the parameters of the temperature controller based on fuzzy logic. Results. Analysis of the thermal effects of a heat generator with a heat exchanger, a physical model is determined and, on its basis, a mathematical model of non-stationary heat transfer in the elements of the heat generator design is formulated. The model is presented in the form of three partial differential equations. An approximate solution of the system of equations and generalized simplifications made it possible to determine the dynamic model by means of first-order aperiodic transfer functions with delay. Based on the identified model coefficients, a fuzzy controller rule base and an automatic temperature control system were created in two versions: with a typical PID controller and a fuzzy temperature controller. The analysis of transient processes of regulation of the automatic temperature control system was carried out. Conclusions. An analysis of the characteristics of the transient process of the automatic temperature control system revealed that the control time of a system with a fuzzy controller is less than in a system with a typical PID controller. Therefore, a fuzzy air temperature control system in a heat generator can be used to automate a significant class of heat generating devices. Keywords: heat generator, fuzzy controller, dynamic mode, mathematical model, production room.
{"title":"Automation of temperature control of a heat generator with a fuzzy logic controller","authors":"Kotov B. І., Stepanenko S. P., Hryshchenko V. O., Pantsir Y. I., Gerasimchuk I. D.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-17","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improving the quality of temperature control of a heat generating installation for air heating.\u0000Methods. The specificity of the issue under consideration determines the analytical method of research by formulating a mathematical model of the non-stationary thermal regime of the heat generator and calculating the parameters of the temperature controller based on fuzzy logic.\u0000Results. Analysis of the thermal effects of a heat generator with a heat exchanger, a physical model is determined and, on its basis, a mathematical model of non-stationary heat transfer in the elements of the heat generator design is formulated. The model is presented in the form of three partial differential equations. An approximate solution of the system of equations and generalized simplifications made it possible to determine the dynamic model by means of first-order aperiodic transfer functions with delay. Based on the identified model coefficients, a fuzzy controller rule base and an automatic temperature control system were created in two versions: with a typical PID controller and a fuzzy temperature controller. The analysis of transient processes of regulation of the automatic temperature control system was carried out.\u0000Conclusions. An analysis of the characteristics of the transient process of the automatic temperature control system revealed that the control time of a system with a fuzzy controller is less than in a system with a typical PID controller. Therefore, a fuzzy air temperature control system in a heat generator can be used to automate a significant class of heat generating devices.\u0000Keywords: heat generator, fuzzy controller, dynamic mode, mathematical model, production room.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134327287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}