Mehanization and electrification of agricultural最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the influence of non-uniformity of air flow velocity on the trajectory of grain particles motion in a pneumatic inertial separator","authors":"B. Kotov, S. Stepanenko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Determination of influence of non-uniform velocity field of air in horizontal channel of pneumatic inertial separator on efficiency of separation of components of grain material into fractions by aerodynamic properties.\u0000Methods. The specificity of the issue under consideration determines the analytical method of study based on the compilation and analysis of kinetic equations of motion of a particle, in the form of a ball in the air flow of a horizontal channel with uneven distribution of air flow velocity over the height of the pneumatic channel.\u0000Results. The mathematical description of the motion of particles of the grain mixture in the chamber of the gravitational-air separator under the action of air flow of variable speed air is given. The trajectories of motion of particles of different size were obtained. \u0000The obtained equation of motion of a particle under the action of air flow allows to determine the dependence of the speed of movement of the material in the layer of grain material on a number of factors: geometric parameters of the separator, the angle of feed of the material, the initial kinematic mode of the material, as well as the coefficient of sail of the particle.\u0000The technological possibilities of the proposed method of grain separation under the action of air flow are theoretically substantiated and the influence on the technological parameters of the basic parameters: air velocity, coefficient of live section taking into account the layer thickness of the material entering the channel is established.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.On the basis of the analysis of the force interaction of the grain material particle with the air stream, an advanced mathematical model of particle motion in a non-uniform field of air flow velocity in the horizontal channel was obtained.\u00002.The real possibility of controlling the process of separation of components of grain material by aerodynamic properties by changing the plot of the air flow velocity along the height of the horizontal channel is determined.\u0000Keywords: variable air velocity, trajectory, resistance of forces, fractions, air flow, wind factor, fractionation process, grain mixture, air separator.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123064341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prawne i praktyczne aspekty wytwarzania i uzdatniania biogazu rolniczego","authors":"W. Wardal","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-18","url":null,"abstract":"W pracy przedstawiono prawne i praktyczne aspekty wytwarzania i uzdatniania biogazu rolniczego wg stanu aktualizacji na czerwiec 2019 r. Dokonano zestawienia głównych pojęć użytych w artykule. Zaprezentowano wystandaryzowaną metodę obliczania ilości energii elektrycznej lub ciepła wytworzonych z odnawialnych źródeł. Ponadto zamieszczono zestawienie kilku najczęściej stosowanych metod uzdatniania biogazu do kogeneracji. Jako nowa technologia odsiarczania, odsiarczanie biologiczne przyciąga coraz większą uwagę ze względu na zalety niskiego zużycia energii i usuwania dwóch rodzajów zanieczyszczeń z biogazu: CO2 i H2S.\u0000Słowa kluczowe: biogaz, kogeneracja, biomasa, oczyszczanie biogazu.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116499560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the moisture content of the stem mass on the quality of grinding at using a hammer crusher","authors":"Kuzmenko V. F., Subota S. V.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Experimentally determine the influence of the humidity of the stem raw material during its grinding for further pelletization.\u0000Methods. When conducting research, monographic, calculation and construction methods were used. Raw materials obtained as a result of grinding were analyzed using sieve analysis. Grinding quality was assessed by the weighted average size of the particles. The methods of statistics, graphic and regression analysis were used in the processing and analysis of the obtained results.\u0000Results. The features of the sieve analysis of crushed stem materials have been specified, the weighted average particle size after crushing with a hammer crusher of wheat straw, rape stalks and corn at different moisture levels has been determined.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. Carrying out a sieve analysis of crushed stem raw materials requires compliance with DSTU EN 15149-2:2013 and careful observance of the sieving time of individual samples.\u00002. The dependences of the influence of humidity (in the range of 8–30%) of wheat straw, rape stalks and corn on the size of the particles, the weighted average length of which varies from 1.6 to 2.4 mm, were obtained when they were crushed with a hammer crusher.\u0000Keywords: hammer grinder, weighted average length of grinding, stem materials, humidity, dependence.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114746920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical research of seeding of seeds with a tape opener with a roller-distributor","authors":"V. Gorobey","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improvement of the quality of spreading seed of grain seeds by technologies with minimal tillage due to the theoretical based of the interconnection the range of the seeds sowing coulter by a mechanical roller-diffuser in the underpass space of and cultivator type coulter with this design parameters and technological modes.\u0000Methods. The research is based on analytical methods and mathematical modeling of agricultural machines and technological operations using the laws of mechanics. Based on the obtained theoretical dependencies, numerical simulation was performed on a computer, graphs were constructed using MathCAD.\u0000Results. The cultivator type coulter is developed for subsoil-spread sowing by technologists with minimal tillage with roller spreader in the under-floor space. From the seeding apparatus, the seed enters the socket of the coulter and through the roller-diffuser is distributed to the seed bed in the underpass space.\u0000For the studies, an equivalent circuit of the coulter and the trajectory scheme of the seed movement after descent from the roller of the diffuser with the most characteristic cases of movement of the seeds were developed: the seed falls immediately on the surface of the disk of the roller-diffuser; the seed falls on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser, slides on it to the disk, moves on it to the edge, and is sown after leaving the disk.\u0000Description of the movement of seeds on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser is made by the differential equation of relative motion in two coordinate systems. One inseparably linked to the cone is inertial and is located so that the ordinate axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of the working body, and the abscissa axis passes through the initial position of the seed on the cone, the second – non-inertial coordinate system is the axis of the natural trihedron , п, b.\u0000The solution of the system of differential equations of movement of seeds on the working surface of the cone of the roller-diffuser in the sub-space space of the cultivator-type coulter along the axes of the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system was obtained.\u0000According to the obtained theoretical equations, with the help of MathCAD program, plots of the sowing range of seeds by roller-diffuser, depending on the radius of initial hit on the roller at a speed of gradual movement of the seeder 2 m/s are constructed: when the seeds fall on the roller disk; when the seeds fall on the roller cone. Analysis of the graphs showed that the range of sowing seeds by roller-diffuser, depending on the radius of initial contact with the roller, varies from 0,005 to 0,011 m.\u0000Conclusions. Conclusions. The dependence of the relative speed of movement of seeds on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser from the modes of its operation is established. By specifying the beginning and end of the seedlings from the conical surface of the roller diffuser, as well as the speed of emergence at certain points, it is po","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124021399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of calculation specific electrical conductivity of soil environment by working electrodes of information and technical system in local operational monitoring of agro-biological state of agricultural lands","authors":"B. O.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Develop a methodology for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the soil environment with working electrodes to ensure the required quality of implementation of the main technological processes in plant cultivation thanks to integrated information and technical systems for operational monitoring of the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.\u0000Methods. Theoretical scientific method with the use of the laws of theoretical mechanics and scientific laws of electro-dynamic measurement for the construction of a method for calculating the specific conductivity of the soil environment by working electrodes of the information and technical system local operational monitoring the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.\u0000Results. The generalized formula for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the soil environment by working electrodes information and technical system of local operational monitoring of agro-biological state of agricultural lands was obtained.\u0000Conclusions. The proposed method for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the agro-biological ground environment by the stationary contact method of the working electrodes of the information and technical system local operational monitoring will allow obtaining reliable data on the state of the soil environment by reducing the error in determining the value of the electrical conductive properties soil, providing individual stabilization of the working electrodes and the mechanism of lifting / lowering the workers electrodes, copying roughness inequalities on the environment, reduction the intensity destruction of the soil structure, self-cleaning working contact electrode and ensuring the stability of the electrical contact electrode with the soil due to the improvement of the design of the device with the use of the proposed technical solutions.\u0000The result of using the device for determining the electrically conductive properties soil environment construction of Alexander Brovaryts is an increase in profits of 20–30% by optimizing the seeding rate of the process material, taking into account the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.\u0000Keywords: information and technical system, local operational monitoring, soil, samples, variability, size, research.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122828945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the operation of biogas plants","authors":"A. Skliar, R. Skliar","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the existing designs of biogas plants and especially their use. Provide guidance on the application of different methods of operation of biogas plants, as well as identify the advantages and disadvantages.\u0000Methods. The methods of comparative and system analysis, scientific generalizations and the method of argumentation were used in the analysis of the methods of operation of biogas plants.\u0000Results. Existing designs of biogas plants with different methods of work and production of biogas have been analyzed. The following methods are justified: batch and flow, complete mixing, the method of “cork” pushing the substrate, one- and multi-stage method, on solid and liquid substrates. As a result of the analysis of the above methods the characteristics of their application, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, were obtained. \u0000Conclusions. Despite the variety of methods of operation of biogas plants, only the following were distributed: flowing, variable reservoirs, flow-cumulative. The advantages of such methods are relatively low investment costs, cumulative installations are easy to operate and easy to control.\u0000Keywords: biogas plant, methane tank, working methods, substrate, sludge, anaerobic fermentation, manure.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical determination of the regularities of the plane motion of the grain in the non-uniform air flow of the horizontal pneumatic channel of the aerodynamic separator","authors":"S. Stepanenko, B. Kotov","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-11","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Improving the mathematical description of the motion of the dynamics of grain motion in the horizontal non-uniform air flow of aerodynamic separators.\u0000Methods. Theoretical determination of the regularities of the plane motion of the grain in an uneven air flow determines the analytical method of research based on the compilation and analysis of the equations of motion of the grains in the form of a sphere in the air flow of the horizontal pneumatic channel of the separator. The mathematical model is formulated by obtaining differential equations of motion of the components of the grain material, which are represented by a material point and a complex indicator of aerodynamic properties – the coefficient of vitality (sail).\u0000Results. The flat motion of the grain in the uneven air flow of the horizontal pneumatic channel of the aerodynamic separator through the sieve surface with cracks in the axial direction of air is absorbed.\u0000The obtained equation of grain motion during horizontal air flow allows to determine the dependence of grain velocity in air-grain medium on a number of factors: geometric parameters of the separator, feed angle, initial kinematic mode of the material, and grain vitality coefficient. \u0000Conclusions\u00001. An improved mathematical model of the dynamics of the motion of a solid particle in a horizontal air flow is formulated, which differs from those known in that it reproduces the action of unaccounted factors (non-uniformity of the velocity field, action of lateral forces, material concentration). It is established that the change of the sign of the air flow gradient in the cross section leads to a change in the direction of the trajectories of the light fraction KZM, which increases the completeness of the removal of the feed fraction to 90% and increases the separation of the seed fraction by 15-20%. up to 2-3%. Changing the diagram of the air velocity in the horizontal channel increases the velocity in the wall area, which increases the clarity of the division by 18-24%.\u00002. The solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations with initial conditions is performed in the MathCad software environment in the form of grain motion trajectories in horizontal air flow, which allows calculating grain motion trajectories differing in vitality coefficients and determining rational values of pneumatic gravity separators.\u0000Keywords: variable air velocity, trajectory, lateral force, fractions, horizontal air flow, fractionation process, grain.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129707844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a technological scheme of trichogram production on the basis of cassetteless breeding of grain moth","authors":"Belchenko V., Pishchanska N., Romanov V., Podmazko О.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Elements of the equipment set will be created using the method of cassetteless breeding of grain moth for the industrial production of trichogram. This method involves carrying out a cycle of technological operations (infection, maintenance, exit and collection of imago) in one device, which allows to reduce the number of technological operations, labor costs, and dust generation. Thus, the cultivation of grain moth in a large volume makes it possible to abandon the traditional cassette-box technology and move to the construction of entomological production of a new generation.\u0000Methods. Research will be conducted using methodological approaches that are used in international practice, in particular, to meet the requirements of ISO 17025.\u0000The calculation of the mass balance and the technological scheme of trichogram production on the basis of cassetteless breeding of grain moth should ensure the reduction of operational costs for the implementation of technological processes of obtaining trichogram with guaranteed biological quality.\u0000Constructive decisions that will be made when creating a research and industrial model must be based on the principles of unification and resource conservation and meet sanitary, hygienic and environmental requirements.\u0000The production of elements of a set of equipment should be based on the use of materials and technologies that would ensure reliability, durability, reasonable cost of products.\u0000Results. Design documentation has been developed for a set of industrial equipment for the production of trichogram, which is characterized by the use of the method of growing grain moth in a large volume and the principle of optimizing technobiocenosis parameters in accordance with the biological and ecological needs of the “host” of the trichogram. Scientific and practical recommendations on the organization of trichogram production for biolaboratories have been formed. Samples of elements of the set of industrial equipment were produced and an approval certificate was drawn up. Tests of trichogram production equipment were carried out. The elements of the set of industrial equipment have been refined.\u0000Conclusions. The developed technological scheme and the calculation of the mass balance of the industrial production of trichogram based on cassetteless breeding of grain moth will provide an opportunity to increase the productivity of biolaboratories by 10–15 %, while obtaining a trichogram of guaranteed biological quality. An increase in the number of automated and mechanized technological operations is ensured by up to 20 %, a decrease in the metal content of the created grain moth and trichogram breeding equipment by up to 15 % compared to the existing one.\u0000Keywords: grain moth, trichogram, cassetteless breeding method, technological scheme, biolaboratories.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127297196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecologization of agriculture and problems of its technical support","authors":"M. Gritsyshyn, N. Perepelytsya","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Identify the main ways of ecologization crop production and directions of development material and technical base of agrarian enterprises for their realization.\u0000Methods. Monographic, economic-mathematical, analytical, system engineering.\u0000Results. It was established that the development of agrarian science is characterized by concentration on developed adaptive to changing soil-climatic conditions of machine technology of plant production, which will allow preservation of ecological and biological balance in nature and will ensure the production of environmentally friendly food products. The priority directions creation and development of the production at technical means, use of which will ensure the implementation of the latest technologies and effective environ mentally safe production of crop production.\u0000Conclusions. Ecologization of crop production involves the effective use of natural conditions and is based on the rational application of soil cultivation systems, fertilizers, plant protection and other agro technical measures that ensure the production of crop production with a minimum anthropogenic load on the environment.\u0000The perspective directions of development of the material and technical base of environmentally safe agriculture are as follows:\u0000•creation of energy technical equipment on agrofilly tires equipped with means of automation of control and management of a predetermined operating mode that minimizes soil compaction and other negative environ mental impacts;\u0000•creation of multi-operational technological modules, adaptive to changing environment, provided with means of automation control and management given quality of implementation technological operations with minimal expenses of energy resources.\u0000Keywords: agriculture, ecologization, material and technical base, directions of development.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126020806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy balance estimation of growing corn for grain with alienation of its by-products for bioenergy needs","authors":"S. Drahniev, T. Zheliezna","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-21","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Energy assessment of growing corn for grain with a comparison of two options for the use of corn by-products: partial collection of the by-products as solid biofuel for heat production or leaving all the crop residues in the field with further plowing them into the soil and heating with natural gas.\u0000Methods. Theoretical methods of designing technological processes in crop production, energy assessment of mechanized crop production technologies, life cycle analysis and computer modeling.\u0000Results. A comprehensive energy analysis with the inclusion of all technological processes of growing corn for grain, partial harvesting of its by-products and further use for heat production compared to plowing all the crop residues into the soil and using natural gas for heating.\u0000Conclusions. It is established that by meeting the agronomic requirements for the alienation of corn for energy needs, significant savings in anthropogenic energy per unit of heat produced compared to the option of plowing all the crop residues into the soil and using natural gas for heating.\u0000Keywords: energy analysis, corn, by-products, crop residues, biofuel, heat, heating.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131400058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}