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Plagiarism and ethics of writing and publishing scientific research articles 科研论文写作与发表的抄袭与伦理
Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v57i1.5016
Chanya Padmaperuma, Thilina Samarathunga, P. Katulanda
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引用次数: 0
Minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡一家三级保健医院万古霉素对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑制浓度
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4942
N. Senanayake, F. Sally, Harshi Abeygunawardana, M. Karunaratne, Nambage Shirani Chandrasiri
Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved as a serious threat to public health. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to determine the antibiotics susceptibility patterns of S. aureus and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin to MRSA isolated from different clinical samples at the Colombo South Teaching Hospital (CSTH) in Sri Lanka. Methodology: A total 72 isolates of S. aureus, obtained from different clinical samples at the CSTH, from January to May 2017 were included in the study. S. aureus isolates were identified by Gram stain, colony morphology, catalase, slide/tube coagulase tests. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. MRSA isolates were detected using the cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test. Inducible clindamycin resistance (MLSB i) was detected by the disk approximation (D test) test. The vancomycin MICs were determined by the E-test method with a 0.5 McFarland standard inoculum. The MIC clinical breakpoints were defined according to the CLSI guidelines (susceptible, ≤2 μg/ml; intermediate, 4–8 μg/ml; and resistant, ≥16 μg/ml). Results: Of the 72 S. aureus clinical isolates, 29 (40.2%) were MRSA. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in 16% of the MRSA isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin to the isolates of MRSA ranged from 0.125 μg/ml to 2 μg/ml. Conclusions: The rate of isolation of MRSA was high and it has emerged as a serious public health threat to Sri Lanka. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of all the MRSA isolates were ≤2 μg/ml. None of the MRSA isolates were found to be intermediate-sensitive or vancomycin resistant. Therefore, vancomycin can be used as the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by MRSA.
背景:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)已发展成为对公众健康的严重威胁。目的:研究斯里兰卡科伦坡南教学医院(CSTH)不同临床标本中金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏模式及万古霉素对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。方法:选取2017年1 - 5月在CSTH不同临床样本中分离的72株金黄色葡萄球菌作为研究对象。采用革兰氏染色、菌落形态、过氧化氢酶、玻片/试管凝固酶试验对金黄色葡萄球菌进行鉴定。抗生素敏感性试验按照临床实验室标准协会(CLSI)的指导方针进行。采用头孢西丁(30 μg)纸片扩散法检测MRSA分离株。采用圆盘近似(D检验)法检测诱导型克林霉素耐药性(MLSB i)。万古霉素mic采用E-test法测定,接种量为0.5 McFarland标准。根据CLSI指南定义MIC临床断点(敏感,≤2 μg/ml;中间体,4 ~ 8 μg/ml;耐药,≥16 μg/ml)。结果:72株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株中,29株(40.2%)为MRSA。在16%的MRSA分离株中检测到可诱导的克林霉素耐药性。万古霉素对MRSA分离株的最低抑制浓度为0.125 ~ 2 μg/ml。结论:MRSA的分离率很高,已成为斯里兰卡严重的公共卫生威胁。所有MRSA菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均≤2 μg/ml。没有发现MRSA分离株具有中等敏感性或万古霉素耐药性。因此,万古霉素可以作为治疗MRSA感染的首选药物。
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引用次数: 0
Management of dengue infection: improving morbidity 登革热感染的管理:提高发病率
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4959
V. Wickramasinghe
Dengue is a vector borne disease, prevalent in the tropics in epidemic proportions. In recent years it has become one of the highest mortality causing communicable diseases in the tropics. Its pathophysiology is not completely understood. In the absence of a definitive treatment modality, supportive care is the most important tool.  Having a better understanding of the haematological and biochemical changes is of paramount importance in order to provide effective supportive care to achieve speedy recovery with minimum morbidity and mortality. Although several candidate vaccines have been produced most are still undergoing phase III clinical trials. This article intends to discuss identified and postulated pathophysiological modalities in dengue infection and possible therapeutic/management options that could be adopted to reduce dengue morbidity and mortality.
登革热是一种病媒传播疾病,在热带地区以流行病的形式流行。近年来,它已成为热带地区死亡率最高的传染病之一。其病理生理机制尚不完全清楚。在缺乏明确治疗方式的情况下,支持性护理是最重要的工具。更好地了解血液学和生化变化是至关重要的,以便提供有效的支持性护理,以最低的发病率和死亡率实现快速康复。虽然已经生产了几种候选疫苗,但大多数仍在进行三期临床试验。本文旨在讨论登革热感染中确定的和假定的病理生理模式,以及可能采用的治疗/管理方案,以降低登革热发病率和死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Histopathological examination of products of conception after first-trimester miscarriage 妊娠早期流产后受胎产物的组织病理学检查
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4946
M. Thirukumar
Introduction This study is aimed to determine the value of histopathological examination of tissues obtained from evacuation of retained products of conception (ERPC) procedure. In addition, it is also aimed to determine the correlation between ultrasonically suspected Hydaditiform mole (H Mole) with histopathologically proven H Mole. Methodology In this retrospective study, clinical records of 140 patients who underwent surgical management for early pregnancy loss, from January 2012 to June 2017 were analysed. Their histopathology reports and relevant clinical profiles were collected from medical records. Results The age distribution of studied population ranges from 14 to 52 years. The majority of patients (43.6%) were within 21-30 years. The Molar pregnancy was confirmed in 32.8% samples and the majority (78.3%) were dominated by complete mole. There were 66 patients ultrasonically suspected to have H Mole. Among them 46 patients had either complete or partial mole. Further, this study showed no molar pregnancies were identified from specimens obtained following evacuation of ultrasonically diagnosed missed or incomplete miscarriage where no H Mole was suspected. Conclusion It can be recommended that histopathological examination should be performed in selected instances. Further, it is a hospital-based study and its findings increase the importance of a country wide study to guide the revision of current practice of routine histopathological examination of specimens from miscarriages in this middle-income country.
本研究的目的是确定组织病理学检查的价值,从受孕保留产物(ERPC)程序中获得的组织。此外,还旨在确定超声怀疑的水样痣(H痣)与组织病理学证实的H痣之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年6月140例因早孕流产接受手术治疗的患者的临床记录。他们的组织病理学报告和相关的临床资料收集自医疗记录。结果研究人群年龄分布在14 ~ 52岁之间。大多数患者(43.6%)在21-30岁之间。32.8%的标本证实有磨牙妊娠,78.3%的标本以完全葡萄胎为主。超声检查怀疑有H型痣66例。其中46例患者有完全或部分痣。此外,本研究显示,在超声诊断为遗漏或不完全流产的情况下,没有怀疑有H痣的病例,从撤离后获得的标本中没有发现臼齿妊娠。结论对部分病例建议行组织病理学检查。此外,这是一项以医院为基础的研究,其发现增加了一项全国性研究的重要性,以指导修改这个中等收入国家对流产标本进行常规组织病理学检查的现行做法。
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引用次数: 0
Acute bilateral pleural effusions in ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎急性双侧胸腔积液
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4950
A. Narani, Pirasath Selladurai
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic seronegative spondyloarthritis associated with the major histocompatibility antigen HLA B27. Apical pleural thickening in ankylosing spondylitis is common in association with apical fibrobullous disease. Pleural disease is otherwise rare. Here, we present a case of bilateral pleural effusion in 38 years old man with ankylosing spondylitis.
强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种与主要组织相容性抗原HLA B27相关的慢性血清阴性脊柱炎。强直性脊柱炎的胸膜顶端增厚通常与顶端纤维大泡病有关。胸膜疾病是罕见的。在此,我们报告一例38岁男性强直性脊柱炎患者的双侧胸腔积液。
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引用次数: 0
Locomotor brachialis: a clinical peep into atherosclerosis and hypertension mediated organ damage in the elderly 臂肌运动:老年动脉粥样硬化和高血压介导的器官损伤的临床观察
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4960
T. Kumanan, N. Sreeharan
Over the years, clinical practice has been transformed by the advent of sophisticated diagnostic tools. Although their benefits are obvious, they have resulted in neglect of valuable bedside physical signs which adorned clinical practice over centuries. A single pathognomonic physical sign could often lead to a diagnosis without the need of expensive investigations. Locomotor brachialis (LB) is one such neglected physical sign often observed in the elderly. It refers to a dilated, thickened, tortuous and pulsatile brachial artery, usually associated with atherosclerosis and sustained hypertension. It is easily visible while recording the blood pressure due to the superficial location of the brachial artery and the atrophy of adjacent muscle and soft tissue mass with advancing age.
多年来,复杂的诊断工具的出现改变了临床实践。虽然它们的好处是显而易见的,但它们却导致了对几个世纪以来装饰临床实践的有价值的床边物理迹象的忽视。一个单一的病理体征往往可以导致诊断,而不需要昂贵的调查。运动性肱肌(LB)是老年人经常观察到的一种被忽视的体征。它是指扩张、增厚、弯曲和搏动的肱动脉,通常与动脉粥样硬化和持续性高血压有关。由于臂动脉位于浅表位置,随着年龄的增长,邻近肌肉和软组织的萎缩,在记录血压时很容易看到。
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引用次数: 0
Factors associated with hospital-acquired infections among the intensive-care patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Sri Lanka and the nurses’ knowledge on precautionary measures 斯里兰卡一家三级医院重症监护病人中与医院获得性感染相关的因素以及护士对预防措施的了解
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4951
Sajini R. Tennakoon, Sanduni Thanujika, Tharsiga Thanigasalam, Thilini Wickramaarachchi, S. Wickramasinghe
Background: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at a higher risk of developing Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). Therefore, the health staff in ICUs should have an adequate knowledge about the precautions to be taken to minimize HAIs in ICUs. Objectives: The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of HAIs and their associated factors among the patients treated in ICUs at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) and to access the knowledge among nursing officers on precautions taken to minimize HAIs. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study had two components. For the first component, 110 patients being treated for more than 48 hours at ICUs at NHSL were recruited by consecutive sampling. A data was extracted from hospital records. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were used to analyze the data. The second component was conducted among 125 nursing officers working at ICUs at NHSL who were selected by convenience sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge regarding precautions taken to minimize HAIs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the knowledge. Results: The prevalence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), hospital acquired Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and cannula associated Blood Stream Infections (BSIs) were 29.3%, 10% and 5.5% respectively. The duration of stay (p=0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.008) and long-term use of antibiotics (p=0.001) were significantly associated with VAP while only long-term use of antibiotics was significantly associated with hospital acquired UTIs. Among the nursing officers 46.4% had scored above 75% for the knowledge questionnaire. Conclusions and recommendations: Our studies showed that HAIs are prevalent in the ICUs in NHSL and the health care staffs need to improve their knowledge and take interventions to minimize these infections.
背景:重症监护病房(icu)患者发生医院获得性感染(HAIs)的风险较高。因此,icu的卫生工作人员应充分了解应采取的预防措施,以尽量减少icu的HAIs。目的:本研究的目的是评估斯里兰卡国家医院(NHSL)重症监护室收治的患者中HAIs的患病率及其相关因素,并了解护理人员采取的预防措施,以尽量减少HAIs。方法:本描述性横断面研究有两个组成部分。对于第一部分,通过连续抽样招募110名在NHSL icu治疗超过48小时的患者。从医院记录中提取了一个数据。采用描述性统计和卡方检验对数据进行分析。第二部分采用方便抽样法选取125名在NHSL icu工作的护理人员。使用一份自我填写的问卷来评估他们对减少艾滋病的预防措施的了解程度。使用描述性统计来描述知识。结果:呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)、医院获得性尿路感染(uti)和插管相关性血流感染(bsi)的患病率分别为29.3%、10%和5.5%。住院时间(p=0.001)、糖尿病(p=0.008)和长期使用抗生素(p=0.001)与VAP显著相关,而只有长期使用抗生素与医院获得性尿路感染显著相关。46.4%的护理人员知识问卷得分在75%以上。结论和建议:我们的研究表明,卫生保健人员需要提高他们的知识和采取干预措施,以尽量减少这些感染。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Colombo Medical Faculty in the development of research: the past, present and the future 科伦坡医学院在研究发展中的作用:过去、现在和未来
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4962
C. Wijeyaratne
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of hamstring tightness and associated factors among sewing machine operators 缝纫机操作人员腿筋紧绷的发生率及相关因素
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4957
Game Kankanamage Kanishka, Hansika Sandamali, Isuru Weerasinghe, Lakmali Binduhewa, Chathurangi Dilshara, Chandodini De Silva, Denika Silva, A. Balasuriya
Background: Hamstring is a key component of flexibility in the human body and it is more prone to get tightened. Inability to achieve greater than 160 degrees of knee extension when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees is considered as hamstring tightness. Objectives: This study aims to find the prevalence of hamstring tightness among sewing machine operators and to assess the association of hamstring tightness with prolonged sitting, body mass index, physical activity level and gender. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 169 sewing machine operators aged between 18-60 years of a selected garment factory. Passive knee extension (PKE) test was used to measure the hamstring tightness among sewing machine operators. A validated interviewer administered questionnaire was used to determine the physical activity level among the participants. Results: Prevalence of hamstring tightness among sewing machine operators is 83.4% (n=141) and it is higher in males (91.8%) than females (78.7%). There was a significant association between prolonged sitting and hamstring tightness in the dominant limb (p=0.02, chi square = 7.79). Significant associations were not found between hamstring tightness with the BMI level (p=0.46, r=-0.05) and physical activity (p=0.41, r=-0.06). Conclusion: Majority of the sewing machine operators have hamstring tightness. Prolonged sitting is a contributory factor in hamstring muscle tightness.
背景:腿筋是人体柔韧性的关键组成部分,它更容易收紧。当髋屈曲到90度时,不能达到超过160度的膝关节伸展被认为是腿筋紧绷。目的:本研究旨在了解缝纫机操作人员腿筋紧绷的发生率,并评估腿筋紧绷与久坐、体重指数、体力活动水平和性别的关系。方法:选取某服装厂169名年龄在18 ~ 60岁之间的缝纫机操作人员进行描述性横断面调查。采用被动膝关节伸展试验(PKE)测量缝纫机操作人员腿筋松紧度。采用一份经过验证的采访者管理的问卷来确定参与者的身体活动水平。结果:缝纫机操作人员腿筋紧绷的发生率为83.4% (n=141),男性(91.8%)高于女性(78.7%)。久坐与主肢腘绳肌紧绷有显著相关性(p=0.02,卡方= 7.79)。腿筋松紧度与BMI水平(p=0.46, r=-0.05)和体力活动(p=0.41, r=-0.06)之间无显著相关性。结论:缝纫机操作人员大都存在腿筋紧绷。久坐是导致腿筋紧绷的一个因素。
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引用次数: 8
Uterine artery rupture during labour 分娩时子宫动脉破裂
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4038/cjms.v56i1.4947
M. Thirukumar
Spontaneous rupture of uterine vessels, particularly intra-partum, is a rare cause of maternal death during pregnancy. Awareness about this condition, may help to avoid delayed diagnosis and facilitate early resuscitation.
子宫血管自发性破裂,特别是在分娩期间,是孕妇在怀孕期间死亡的罕见原因。对这种情况的认识,可能有助于避免延误诊断和促进早期复苏。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ceylon Journal of Medical Science
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