{"title":"Sri Lanka Journals Online (SLJOL): Ten years of success","authors":"J. Wanigasinghe","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134191261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human microbiota comprises all microorganisms living within the human body and microbiome is their collective genome. They include eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria and viruses. Most microbes live in the gut, particularly in the large intestine. The number of genes contributed to by the microbes is 100 times the number of genes in the human genome. The sheer microbial abundance suggests that the human body is a collection of human and microbial cells and their genes resulting in a blend of human and microbial traits. The microbiome is essential for maintenance of human life. The microbes that live in and on us are mostly beneficial colonizers and have many important functions such as assisting in digestion, regulating immune system, producing essential vitamins and protecting against bacteria that cause diseases. Research has demonstrated that dysbioses in the human microbiome correlate with numerous disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and autoimmune diseases. The metagenome of the human microbiome, the total DNA content of microbes inhabiting our bodies shows a large degree of interpersonal diversity. With the advent of culture-independent techniques such as high throughput next generation sequencing of DNA and advances in computational biology, research on human microbiome has reached new heights. A breakthrough in research was the development of Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which was established in 2008, which is also known as the second human genome project, with the objective of generating a metagenomic reference database for “normal” individuals to serve as a resource for researchers. The introduction of new technologies has permitted the study of the functional component of the microbe–host interactions through metabolomics. The resultant biomarkers have been used to predict and diagnose diseases early. Future research should focus on understanding mechanisms responsible for pathology and the causality role of the microbiome to use them as therapeutic modalities .
{"title":"The human microbiome: Role in health and disease and its potential applications","authors":"J. Perera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4927","url":null,"abstract":"The human microbiota comprises all microorganisms living within the human body and microbiome is their collective genome. They include eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria and viruses. Most microbes live in the gut, particularly in the large intestine. The number of genes contributed to by the microbes is 100 times the number of genes in the human genome. The sheer microbial abundance suggests that the human body is a collection of human and microbial cells and their genes resulting in a blend of human and microbial traits. The microbiome is essential for maintenance of human life. The microbes that live in and on us are mostly beneficial colonizers and have many important functions such as assisting in digestion, regulating immune system, producing essential vitamins and protecting against bacteria that cause diseases. Research has demonstrated that dysbioses in the human microbiome correlate with numerous disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and autoimmune diseases. The metagenome of the human microbiome, the total DNA content of microbes inhabiting our bodies shows a large degree of interpersonal diversity. With the advent of culture-independent techniques such as high throughput next generation sequencing of DNA and advances in computational biology, research on human microbiome has reached new heights. A breakthrough in research was the development of Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which was established in 2008, which is also known as the second human genome project, with the objective of generating a metagenomic reference database for “normal” individuals to serve as a resource for researchers. The introduction of new technologies has permitted the study of the functional component of the microbe–host interactions through metabolomics. The resultant biomarkers have been used to predict and diagnose diseases early. Future research should focus on understanding mechanisms responsible for pathology and the causality role of the microbiome to use them as therapeutic modalities .","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challengs in producing compassionate health workers","authors":"A. Abeygunasekera","doi":"10.4038/cjms.v54i2.4823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjms.v54i2.4823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132719453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. B. silva, L. A. N. Silva, L. H. P. M. Silva, S. Arul, G. Ponnamperuma
Introduction ‘Green cars’ have a history which runs back to the origin of green technology itself. They play a main role in environmental sustainability, in achievement of sustainable development goals. Although studies have been conducted on assessing the consumer knowledge and attitudes on 'green cars', studies investigating the association between these components are lacking. The main objective of our study was to describe and compare the factors associated with knowledge and attitudes about the ‘green car’ concept among officers of a bank in Colombo district. Method In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a two-stage sampling process, involving non-systematic sampling to select venue and stratified sampling to select subjects within the venue was used to select a sample of 300. Using a self-administered questionnaire, knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Knowledge against socio-demographic factors was investigated using independent sample t-test. Attitudes against socio-demographic factors were investigated using Chi-square test. Results Response rate was 95.6%. Majority (54%) had a high level of knowledge, but knowledge on 'green car' identification and electric car recharging was poor. Most important factor considered when buying a vehicle was cost, while most important factor discouraging buying an electric car was recharging issues. Although most were found to have eco-friendly attitudes, bank officers with a higher level of knowledge were more pro-environmental. Majority (55%) of them were willing to by a 'green car' as their next vehicle. Conclusion Awareness and knowledge of bank officers on the 'green car' concept was at a satisfactory level. A higher level of knowledge was associated with more eco-friendly attitudes.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes about the ‘green car' concept among officers of a bank in Colombo district","authors":"E. B. silva, L. A. N. Silva, L. H. P. M. Silva, S. Arul, G. Ponnamperuma","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4928","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction ‘Green cars’ have a history which runs back to the origin of green technology itself. They play a main role in environmental sustainability, in achievement of sustainable development goals. Although studies have been conducted on assessing the consumer knowledge and attitudes on 'green cars', studies investigating the association between these components are lacking. The main objective of our study was to describe and compare the factors associated with knowledge and attitudes about the ‘green car’ concept among officers of a bank in Colombo district. Method In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a two-stage sampling process, involving non-systematic sampling to select venue and stratified sampling to select subjects within the venue was used to select a sample of 300. Using a self-administered questionnaire, knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Knowledge against socio-demographic factors was investigated using independent sample t-test. Attitudes against socio-demographic factors were investigated using Chi-square test. Results Response rate was 95.6%. Majority (54%) had a high level of knowledge, but knowledge on 'green car' identification and electric car recharging was poor. Most important factor considered when buying a vehicle was cost, while most important factor discouraging buying an electric car was recharging issues. Although most were found to have eco-friendly attitudes, bank officers with a higher level of knowledge were more pro-environmental. Majority (55%) of them were willing to by a 'green car' as their next vehicle. Conclusion Awareness and knowledge of bank officers on the 'green car' concept was at a satisfactory level. A higher level of knowledge was associated with more eco-friendly attitudes.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122367010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Mannapperuma, C. Peiris, D. Thambavita, P. Galappatthy, C. D. Pathiranage, A. Lionel, R. Jayakody
Background Lithium is a first line drug used to treat bipolar affective disorder requiring frequent monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index. Flame photometry is a reliable quick and cost-effective method of serum lithium estimation. Objective We aimed to validate a flame photometry method for serum lithium estimation to compare the results with a different model flame photometer and an ion-selective electrode. Method Sherwood 410 flame photometer was used for the analysis. Serum samples were diluted 1:2 using a lithium blank solution containing sodium and potassium. Aqueous lithium standards were prepared using the same blank. The method was validated for the concentration range 0.2-1.5mmol/l. Linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability were determined by standard lithium serum samples representing the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) 0.2mmol/l, median level of quantification (MLOQ) 0.8mmol/l and the upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) 1.5mmol/l. Five replicates of serum and aqueous lithium samples were used to determine linearity in the range between LLOQ and ULOQ using the coefficient of determination (R2). Five standard serum replicates were used for recovery, accuracy and precision studies. Precision was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV%) on three different days. Results of the flame photometric method were compared with those of a different flame photometric method and an ion-selective electrode method. Results: The R2 for the aqueous samples and the serum samples was >0.995 demonstrating linearity. The matrix effect ranged between 92.5% and 105% for the LLOQ, MLOQ and ULOQ. The accuracy and precision for LLOQ, MLOQ of and ULOQ were below 15%. Similar results were obtained for the QC samples with the different model flame photometer and ion-selective electrode method. Conclusion The flame photometric method used in our laboratory is suitable and reliable for determining serum lithium concentrations for use in therapeutic drug monitoring.
{"title":"Validation of a flame photometric method for serum lithium estimation","authors":"U. Mannapperuma, C. Peiris, D. Thambavita, P. Galappatthy, C. D. Pathiranage, A. Lionel, R. Jayakody","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4824","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lithium is a first line drug used to treat bipolar affective disorder requiring frequent monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index. Flame photometry is a reliable quick and cost-effective method of serum lithium estimation. Objective We aimed to validate a flame photometry method for serum lithium estimation to compare the results with a different model flame photometer and an ion-selective electrode. Method Sherwood 410 flame photometer was used for the analysis. Serum samples were diluted 1:2 using a lithium blank solution containing sodium and potassium. Aqueous lithium standards were prepared using the same blank. The method was validated for the concentration range 0.2-1.5mmol/l. Linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability were determined by standard lithium serum samples representing the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) 0.2mmol/l, median level of quantification (MLOQ) 0.8mmol/l and the upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) 1.5mmol/l. Five replicates of serum and aqueous lithium samples were used to determine linearity in the range between LLOQ and ULOQ using the coefficient of determination (R2). Five standard serum replicates were used for recovery, accuracy and precision studies. Precision was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV%) on three different days. Results of the flame photometric method were compared with those of a different flame photometric method and an ion-selective electrode method. Results: The R2 for the aqueous samples and the serum samples was >0.995 demonstrating linearity. The matrix effect ranged between 92.5% and 105% for the LLOQ, MLOQ and ULOQ. The accuracy and precision for LLOQ, MLOQ of and ULOQ were below 15%. Similar results were obtained for the QC samples with the different model flame photometer and ion-selective electrode method. Conclusion The flame photometric method used in our laboratory is suitable and reliable for determining serum lithium concentrations for use in therapeutic drug monitoring.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133897403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lankatilake, D. B. D. L. Samaranayake, Helani Sineka Ranasooriya
Introduction This study was conducted to assess the occupational health and safety of workers of dry cleaning industry in Colombo. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 dry-cleaners from 15 randomly selected dry cleaning establishments in Colombo Municipal area. A group of 24 shop workers from the same area comparable with respect to age, marital status, educational level and duration of service, served as a comparison group. A structured observational schedule and an interviewer administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Results Fourteen (93.3%) establishments used Perchloroethylene (PERC). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) were not available in 80% and storage was unsatisfactory in 60%. Fire safety (100%), lighting (100%) and ventilation (73.3%) were satisfactory in a majority while thermal environment (73.3%) and noise levels (100%) were unsatisfactory. Except for clothing (53.5%), welfare facilities were satisfactory in a majority (86.7%) of establishments. Among the workers, irritation of skin (p=0.000), eyes including tearing (p=0.004) and sneezing (p=0.032) were significantly higher than controls. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were provided for 14 (58.33%) workers and only 5 (35.71%) used them. Conclusion Acute symptoms related to chemical exposure were significantly higher among workers in dry cleaning industry. Overall work environment in these establishments was unsatisfactory.
{"title":"Dry cleaning industry in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka: a preliminary study of chemicals used and possible health effects","authors":"K. Lankatilake, D. B. D. L. Samaranayake, Helani Sineka Ranasooriya","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I2.4826","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This study was conducted to assess the occupational health and safety of workers of dry cleaning industry in Colombo. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 dry-cleaners from 15 randomly selected dry cleaning establishments in Colombo Municipal area. A group of 24 shop workers from the same area comparable with respect to age, marital status, educational level and duration of service, served as a comparison group. A structured observational schedule and an interviewer administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Results Fourteen (93.3%) establishments used Perchloroethylene (PERC). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) were not available in 80% and storage was unsatisfactory in 60%. Fire safety (100%), lighting (100%) and ventilation (73.3%) were satisfactory in a majority while thermal environment (73.3%) and noise levels (100%) were unsatisfactory. Except for clothing (53.5%), welfare facilities were satisfactory in a majority (86.7%) of establishments. Among the workers, irritation of skin (p=0.000), eyes including tearing (p=0.004) and sneezing (p=0.032) were significantly higher than controls. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were provided for 14 (58.33%) workers and only 5 (35.71%) used them. Conclusion Acute symptoms related to chemical exposure were significantly higher among workers in dry cleaning industry. Overall work environment in these establishments was unsatisfactory.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134239812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Lankashini, V. G. D. Lakmali, S. A. K. Lenagala, A. Liyanage, C. Arambepola
Background: The concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become an emerging topic in the field of clinical psychology in recent years, especially in relation to adolescents. Although many studies have been conducted globally, limited evidence is available in Sri Lanka on its magnitude and person-related factors affecting it in school population. Objectives : To describe the level of EI and to determine its relationship with demographic and socio-economic characteristics among Grade eight students in a suburban setting. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among male and female Grade eight students in Embilipitiya educational zone. Eight classes were randomly selected as ‘clusters’ from two purposively selected mix schools. A self-administered questionnaire assessed the level of EI (based on scores obtained for 15 constructs using the validated TEIQue-ASF questionnaire) and demographic and socio-economic characteristics (gender; parental education, occupation and monthly income; birth order and number of siblings). Based on the mean score, participants were categorized as having ‘good’ or ‘poor’ level of EI. The associations of EI with socio-economic characteristics were assessed for significance using t and Chi-square tests. Results: Response rate was 87%. Mean score obtained for EI was 144 (SD=17.3) with students scoring low in impulsiveness (mean=6.69, SD=2.91), emotion perception (mean=7.71, SD=2.52) and adaptability (mean=7.99, SD=2.87). ‘Good’ level of EI was noted in 49.4% of all students. A significantly higher proportion of female students showed a ‘good’ level of EI (54.5%) compared to 43.1% among the males (p=0.04). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of students demonstrated a ‘good’ level of EI. Female students were emotionally more intelligent than their male counterparts. No other socio-economic characteristic was associated with ‘good’ EI.
{"title":"Level of Emotional Intelligence and its association with person-related characteristics among grade 8 students in a suburban setting","authors":"M. S. Lankashini, V. G. D. Lakmali, S. A. K. Lenagala, A. Liyanage, C. Arambepola","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4805","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become an emerging topic in the field of clinical psychology in recent years, especially in relation to adolescents. Although many studies have been conducted globally, limited evidence is available in Sri Lanka on its magnitude and person-related factors affecting it in school population. Objectives : To describe the level of EI and to determine its relationship with demographic and socio-economic characteristics among Grade eight students in a suburban setting. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among male and female Grade eight students in Embilipitiya educational zone. Eight classes were randomly selected as ‘clusters’ from two purposively selected mix schools. A self-administered questionnaire assessed the level of EI (based on scores obtained for 15 constructs using the validated TEIQue-ASF questionnaire) and demographic and socio-economic characteristics (gender; parental education, occupation and monthly income; birth order and number of siblings). Based on the mean score, participants were categorized as having ‘good’ or ‘poor’ level of EI. The associations of EI with socio-economic characteristics were assessed for significance using t and Chi-square tests. Results: Response rate was 87%. Mean score obtained for EI was 144 (SD=17.3) with students scoring low in impulsiveness (mean=6.69, SD=2.91), emotion perception (mean=7.71, SD=2.52) and adaptability (mean=7.99, SD=2.87). ‘Good’ level of EI was noted in 49.4% of all students. A significantly higher proportion of female students showed a ‘good’ level of EI (54.5%) compared to 43.1% among the males (p=0.04). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of students demonstrated a ‘good’ level of EI. Female students were emotionally more intelligent than their male counterparts. No other socio-economic characteristic was associated with ‘good’ EI.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A previously healthy 63-year-old man was brought to the psychiatrist because of increasingly becoming withdrawn over a period of one month. He was noted to be cognitively impaired and blind and thus referred to the neurologist. His pupils were normal in size and reaction to light, and the optic fundi were normal. He was noted to have symmetrical bradykinesia and rigidity in his limbs. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image (DWI) of his brain and part of his electroencephalogram (EEG) record are shown.
{"title":"A patient with rapid cognitive decline and visual failure","authors":"Thashi Chang","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4819","url":null,"abstract":"A previously healthy 63-year-old man was brought to the psychiatrist because of increasingly becoming withdrawn over a period of one month. He was noted to be cognitively impaired and blind and thus referred to the neurologist. His pupils were normal in size and reaction to light, and the optic fundi were normal. He was noted to have symmetrical bradykinesia and rigidity in his limbs. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image (DWI) of his brain and part of his electroencephalogram (EEG) record are shown.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132215726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Wickramasinghe, C. Arambepola, Priyantha Bandara, M. Abeysekera, S. Kuruppu, P. Dilshan, B. S. Dissanayake
Background and objectives Although Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to assess obesity, it does not always relate to central obesity, the main metabolic risk factor. Waist to height ratio (WHtR) is a simple index of central obesity. This study assessed its usefulness in detecting metabolic derangements in 5-15 year old Sri Lankan children. Method A cross sectional descriptive study on healthy 5-15 year old children was conducted in Colombo district. Height, weight and Waist Circumference (WC) were measured. WHtR and BMI (classified by WHO cutoff >2SD) were calculated. Obesity was defined by percentage fat mass measured by Bio Electrical Impedance Assay (BIA - InBody-230 BIA machine) and validated against Sri Lanka body composition equations. After a 12-hour overnight fast, blood was drawn for Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and lipid profile. Standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed to obtain Random Blood Glucose (RBG) at 2 hours. Metabolic Derangements (MetD) were defined as; WC for age >90th centile (UK standards); FBG>100mg/dl or RBG>140 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol 150mg/dl; and systolic or diastolic blood pressure>+2SD for age (UK standards). Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed by high WC plus ≥2 other MetD. ROC curves were drawn to determine the optimal WHtR value that predicts MetS as well as ≥2 MetD. Using these cutoffs, WHtR was also validated against obesity determined by % fat mass. Results A total of 920 children (547 boys) were studied: 16.6% were obese/overweight and 55.6% had normal BMI. Close to 14% had central obesity. Those with normal BMI but having central obesity had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but were not statistically significant. WHtR detected more cases with abnormal cholesterol and HDL than BMI, but detection of cases with high triglycerides was similar to BMI. WHtR to detect MetS was 0.51 (sensitivity-1.00; specificity-0.83) in boys and 0.49 (sensitivity-0.83; specificity-0.83) in girls. To detect ≥2 MetD, WHtR was 0.42 (sensitivity-0.6; specificity-0.62) in boys and 0.45(sensitivity-0.62; specificity-0.62) in girls. Conclusions WHtR is valid in detecting metabolic derangements in this group of Sri Lankan children. The cut off values (0.5) described to detect MetS in this group of children is similar to the value described in the literature. A cutoff value of 0.45 would detect at least two MetD, thus enabling early detection of obesity related metabolic morbidity.
{"title":"Use of Waist to Height Ratio in assessment metabolic derangements among normal and overweight/obese 5-15 year old individuals","authors":"V. Wickramasinghe, C. Arambepola, Priyantha Bandara, M. Abeysekera, S. Kuruppu, P. Dilshan, B. S. Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4813","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Although Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to assess obesity, it does not always relate to central obesity, the main metabolic risk factor. Waist to height ratio (WHtR) is a simple index of central obesity. This study assessed its usefulness in detecting metabolic derangements in 5-15 year old Sri Lankan children. Method A cross sectional descriptive study on healthy 5-15 year old children was conducted in Colombo district. Height, weight and Waist Circumference (WC) were measured. WHtR and BMI (classified by WHO cutoff >2SD) were calculated. Obesity was defined by percentage fat mass measured by Bio Electrical Impedance Assay (BIA - InBody-230 BIA machine) and validated against Sri Lanka body composition equations. After a 12-hour overnight fast, blood was drawn for Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and lipid profile. Standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed to obtain Random Blood Glucose (RBG) at 2 hours. Metabolic Derangements (MetD) were defined as; WC for age >90th centile (UK standards); FBG>100mg/dl or RBG>140 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol 150mg/dl; and systolic or diastolic blood pressure>+2SD for age (UK standards). Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed by high WC plus ≥2 other MetD. ROC curves were drawn to determine the optimal WHtR value that predicts MetS as well as ≥2 MetD. Using these cutoffs, WHtR was also validated against obesity determined by % fat mass. Results A total of 920 children (547 boys) were studied: 16.6% were obese/overweight and 55.6% had normal BMI. Close to 14% had central obesity. Those with normal BMI but having central obesity had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but were not statistically significant. WHtR detected more cases with abnormal cholesterol and HDL than BMI, but detection of cases with high triglycerides was similar to BMI. WHtR to detect MetS was 0.51 (sensitivity-1.00; specificity-0.83) in boys and 0.49 (sensitivity-0.83; specificity-0.83) in girls. To detect ≥2 MetD, WHtR was 0.42 (sensitivity-0.6; specificity-0.62) in boys and 0.45(sensitivity-0.62; specificity-0.62) in girls. Conclusions WHtR is valid in detecting metabolic derangements in this group of Sri Lankan children. The cut off values (0.5) described to detect MetS in this group of children is similar to the value described in the literature. A cutoff value of 0.45 would detect at least two MetD, thus enabling early detection of obesity related metabolic morbidity.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"64 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vidanapathirana, S. Varothayan, D. C. Vilochani, C. Wangmo, H. Jayakody
Background: Gender equality is a significant determinant of the health and national development of a country. As future leaders, undergraduates need sufficient knowledge and favorable attitudes towards gender equality, to enable gender-equitable socio-economic decision-making. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes on gender equality and describe their correlates among the second year students of University of Colombo. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 388 second year students selected through multistage random sampling in the faculties of Arts, Management, Science and Computing in University of Colombo. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to gather information and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: The results revealed that a majority of respondents had a satisfactory level of overall knowledge on gender equality, with a mean of 59.28 % (SD-13.53). However, knowledge on practical aspects such as gender equity, gender mainstreaming, gender legislature and gender equality indicators in Sri Lanka were not satisfactory. The majority of the respondents had favorable attitudes towards gender equality (55.1%) and its various aspects. Positive attitudes were found to be associated with female sex (p=0.0001, X2= 47.230, df=2), higher level of paternal (p=0.005, x2 =7.787, df=1) and maternal education (p=0.004, x2 =8.149, df=1), paternal employment (p=0.014, X 2= 6.100, df=1) and higher level of respondent knowledge on gender equality (p=0.002, X2= 9.335, df=1). Conclusions: Knowledge on gender equality was satisfactory and attitudes towards it were favorable among selected group of university undergraduates. However, knowledge on practical aspects of gender equality was poor.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes on gender equality and their correlates among the second year students of University of Colombo","authors":"M. Vidanapathirana, S. Varothayan, D. C. Vilochani, C. Wangmo, H. Jayakody","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V54I1.4806","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gender equality is a significant determinant of the health and national development of a country. As future leaders, undergraduates need sufficient knowledge and favorable attitudes towards gender equality, to enable gender-equitable socio-economic decision-making. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes on gender equality and describe their correlates among the second year students of University of Colombo. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 388 second year students selected through multistage random sampling in the faculties of Arts, Management, Science and Computing in University of Colombo. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to gather information and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: The results revealed that a majority of respondents had a satisfactory level of overall knowledge on gender equality, with a mean of 59.28 % (SD-13.53). However, knowledge on practical aspects such as gender equity, gender mainstreaming, gender legislature and gender equality indicators in Sri Lanka were not satisfactory. The majority of the respondents had favorable attitudes towards gender equality (55.1%) and its various aspects. Positive attitudes were found to be associated with female sex (p=0.0001, X2= 47.230, df=2), higher level of paternal (p=0.005, x2 =7.787, df=1) and maternal education (p=0.004, x2 =8.149, df=1), paternal employment (p=0.014, X 2= 6.100, df=1) and higher level of respondent knowledge on gender equality (p=0.002, X2= 9.335, df=1). Conclusions: Knowledge on gender equality was satisfactory and attitudes towards it were favorable among selected group of university undergraduates. However, knowledge on practical aspects of gender equality was poor.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114949434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：