N. Fernando, D. Weerasekera, S. Fernando, Namal P. M. Liyanage, J. Holton
Thus far five studies on H. pylori show a prevalence range from 3 - 70% in Sri Lanka. However there are no published studies based on serology and virulence factors.Cytotoxin associated protein A(CagA), urease and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) have been described as virulence factors to H. pylori. This study was done to determine the sero-prevalence of IgG to Helicobacter and CagA in a representative population attributable to age groups and to determine the host response to virulent antigens such as CagA, urease, VacA and other major antigen found on H pylori. Three hundred and fifty nine healthy volunteers between the ages of 1 to 94 years, with equal distribution of males to females participated in this study. The sero prevalence of IgG to H. pylori and CagA was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of IgG antibodies to several major antigens of H. pylori were determined in 48 samples (positive by IgG to H. pylori and/or positive by IgG to CagA) using an in-house western blot assay. Data was analysed by a chi square test. The study consisted of 359 serum samples from 180 males and 179 females. Only 37 (10.3%) of the. 359 serum samples were positive for IgG to H. pylori. Anti CagA was detected in 29/359 (8.1% ) . In the 48 samples studied by immunoblotting for major antigens (CagA-120Kda, VacA-89Kda, Urease-66Kda, 35Kda, 26 Kda, 19 Kda) the commonest western blot band was VacA(89Kda). In conclusion, the prevalence of 10.3% seems to below, but the presence of CagA antibody in H. pylori negative sera, indicates that responses in the host may not be always detected by routine assays. This may be due to a different strain used in assay, genetic differences in the host not enabling the host to mount a response, or to cross reactivity.
{"title":"Helicobacter pylori serology in two MOH areas of the Western Province of Sri Lanka","authors":"N. Fernando, D. Weerasekera, S. Fernando, Namal P. M. Liyanage, J. Holton","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4827","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far five studies on H. pylori show a prevalence range from 3 - 70% in Sri Lanka. However there are no published studies based on serology and virulence factors.Cytotoxin associated protein A(CagA), urease and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) have been described as virulence factors to H. pylori. This study was done to determine the sero-prevalence of IgG to Helicobacter and CagA in a representative population attributable to age groups and to determine the host response to virulent antigens such as CagA, urease, VacA and other major antigen found on H pylori. Three hundred and fifty nine healthy volunteers between the ages of 1 to 94 years, with equal distribution of males to females participated in this study. The sero prevalence of IgG to H. pylori and CagA was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of IgG antibodies to several major antigens of H. pylori were determined in 48 samples (positive by IgG to H. pylori and/or positive by IgG to CagA) using an in-house western blot assay. Data was analysed by a chi square test. The study consisted of 359 serum samples from 180 males and 179 females. Only 37 (10.3%) of the. 359 serum samples were positive for IgG to H. pylori. Anti CagA was detected in 29/359 (8.1% ) . In the 48 samples studied by immunoblotting for major antigens (CagA-120Kda, VacA-89Kda, Urease-66Kda, 35Kda, 26 Kda, 19 Kda) the commonest western blot band was VacA(89Kda). In conclusion, the prevalence of 10.3% seems to below, but the presence of CagA antibody in H. pylori negative sera, indicates that responses in the host may not be always detected by routine assays. This may be due to a different strain used in assay, genetic differences in the host not enabling the host to mount a response, or to cross reactivity.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122271507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Acalbopictus Skuse in a dengue transmission area in Kandy, Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Kusumawathie, W. Fernando","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122300567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gunatilake, R. Jayakody, P. Angunawela, A. Tissera
Nephrotoxicity is the principal cause of death following Russell 's viper envenomation. Envenomation following the bite of several other snakes is also known to cause nephrotoxicity. The nephrotoxicity can be due to direct effects of venom or secondary to circulatory disturbances (eg. ischaemia), which these patients often manifest. As separating out the contributions of direct toxic effects and ischaemic effects are difficult in the in vivo situation, experiments were carried out using the kidney slice model to study and compare the direct toxic effects of venom of cobra, Russell's viper and hump nosed viper. The effect of cobra venom (CV) on rat kidney slices and the effects of Russell's viper venom (RV V) and hump nosed viper venom (HNVV) on rabbit kidney slices were examined. Healthy male animals were anaesthetized and kidneys were harvested. Kidneys were decapsulated, bisected and sliced. Rat kidney slices were incubated with CV and rabbit kidney slices were incubated with RVV and HNVV for different time periods. Rat and rabbit kidney slices were incubated with 0.9% sodium chloride as the control. At the end of each observation period kidney slices were preserved for light and electron microscopy (LM and EM). When CV was used, complete necrosis was seen in proximal and distal convoluted tubular cells (PCT and DCT). When rabbit kidney slices were incubated with RVV for 4 hours there was com plete necrosis of glomeruli and PCT with the pres ervation of the basement membrane. LM and EM changes were mostly confined to PCT when HNVV was used. The results of this experiment provide evidence that the venoms studied produce direct damage on renal tissue. Different areas of the nephron are differentially susceptible to the effects of the three venoms.
{"title":"Direct nephrotoxic effects produced by venoms of Sri Lankan cobra, Russell's viper and hump nosed viper","authors":"M. Gunatilake, R. Jayakody, P. Angunawela, A. Tissera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4830","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrotoxicity is the principal cause of death following Russell 's viper envenomation. Envenomation following the bite of several other snakes is also known to cause nephrotoxicity. The nephrotoxicity can be due to direct effects of venom or secondary to circulatory disturbances (eg. ischaemia), which these patients often manifest. As separating out the contributions of direct toxic effects and ischaemic effects are difficult in the in vivo situation, experiments were carried out using the kidney slice model to study and compare the direct toxic effects of venom of cobra, Russell's viper and hump nosed viper. The effect of cobra venom (CV) on rat kidney slices and the effects of Russell's viper venom (RV V) and hump nosed viper venom (HNVV) on rabbit kidney slices were examined. Healthy male animals were anaesthetized and kidneys were harvested. Kidneys were decapsulated, bisected and sliced. Rat kidney slices were incubated with CV and rabbit kidney slices were incubated with RVV and HNVV for different time periods. Rat and rabbit kidney slices were incubated with 0.9% sodium chloride as the control. At the end of each observation period kidney slices were preserved for light and electron microscopy (LM and EM). When CV was used, complete necrosis was seen in proximal and distal convoluted tubular cells (PCT and DCT). When rabbit kidney slices were incubated with RVV for 4 hours there was com plete necrosis of glomeruli and PCT with the pres ervation of the basement membrane. LM and EM changes were mostly confined to PCT when HNVV was used. The results of this experiment provide evidence that the venoms studied produce direct damage on renal tissue. Different areas of the nephron are differentially susceptible to the effects of the three venoms.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132303116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An enzyme-immunoassay detecting serum antibodies specific for excretory secretory antigens of Toxocara L2 larvae, a test recommended for seroepidemiolgoical studies, was validated for use in a local population of children under 12 years. The cut off level, at antigen dilution of 1 Oug/ml and serum dilution of 1:100, determined by I tail confidence limit of 1.96 was 0.148 with a geometric mean of0.16087. This conforms to the standard reference value for this test (OD=0.2) adopted in reference laboratories in other countries. The upper OD value of 0.7 accepted in these reference laboratories to indicate recent exposure or active infection corresponded to the 84111 percentile in our population. Cross reactions were not seen against Ascaris lumbricoides L2 larval excretory secretory antigen and L3 larval antigen of Necator americanus. However, 25% of the positive sera cross reacted with T. vitulorum, the common buffalo parasite in Sri Lanka. This indicates that development and validation of species specific tests is essential for determining the role of each species of Toxocara in the etiology of human toxocariasis in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Validation of a Toxocara ES antigen Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TES-ELISA) for use in childhood toxocariasis in Sri Lanka","authors":"M. S. Wijesundera, D. Iddawela, R. Rajapakse","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4828","url":null,"abstract":"An enzyme-immunoassay detecting serum antibodies specific for excretory secretory antigens of Toxocara L2 larvae, a test recommended for seroepidemiolgoical studies, was validated for use in a local population of children under 12 years. The cut off level, at antigen dilution of 1 Oug/ml and serum dilution of 1:100, determined by I tail confidence limit of 1.96 was 0.148 with a geometric mean of0.16087. This conforms to the standard reference value for this test (OD=0.2) adopted in reference laboratories in other countries. The upper OD value of 0.7 accepted in these reference laboratories to indicate recent exposure or active infection corresponded to the 84111 percentile in our population. Cross reactions were not seen against Ascaris lumbricoides L2 larval excretory secretory antigen and L3 larval antigen of Necator americanus. However, 25% of the positive sera cross reacted with T. vitulorum, the common buffalo parasite in Sri Lanka. This indicates that development and validation of species specific tests is essential for determining the role of each species of Toxocara in the etiology of human toxocariasis in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 3 primarily COX-1 inhibiting non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen or indomethacin) on rat sperm hyperactivation in vitro. Rat cauda epididymal sperm were continuously incubated with different concentrations of drugs (aspirin: 0.87,1.7 or3.4 mmol; ibuprofen; 0.75,1.5 or 3.0 mmol; and indomethacin; 0.43, 0.87, or 1.7 mmol) in a modified B W W medium at 37°C for 4 h. At the end of 4 h, the number of sperms exhibiting hyperactivated motility (characterized by vigorus tail movements, marked lateral excursion of head and following a nonlinear swimming trajectory such as figure eight or circling) and total immobility were counted and expressed as a %. The results showed that all the 3 drugs significantly (p<0.05-0.01) inhibited hyperactivated sperm motility in a doserelated fashion. Further, all three concentrations of ibuprofen and indomethacin, and the high concentration of aspirin caused an elevation in the number of immotile sperm. It is concluded that moderate concentrations of COX-1 inhibiting non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can impair rat hyperactivated sperm motility in vitro.
本研究旨在探讨3种主要抑制COX-1的非甾体抗炎药(阿司匹林、布洛芬和吲哚美辛)对体外大鼠精子过度活化的影响。用不同浓度的药物(阿司匹林:0.87、1.7、3.4 mmol;布洛芬;0.75、1.5或3.0 mmol;和消炎痛;0.43、0.87或1.7 mmol)，在37°C的改良B W W培养基中培养4小时。在4小时结束时，计算表现出运动能力过度激活的精子数量(特征是尾巴剧烈运动，头部明显侧向偏移，并沿着非线性游泳轨迹(如8字形或绕圈)和总静止不动的精子数量，并以%表示。结果表明，3种药物均能显著(p<0.05 ~ 0.01)抑制高激活精子活力，且呈剂量相关。此外，所有三种浓度的布洛芬和吲哚美辛，以及高浓度的阿司匹林都导致了不动精子数量的增加。由此可见，中等浓度的COX-1抑制非甾体类抗炎药可在体外损害高激活大鼠精子活力。
{"title":"Effects of some non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on rat sperm hyperactivation in vitro","authors":"W. Ratnasooriya, C. Hapuarachchi, J. Jayakody","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4835","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 3 primarily COX-1 inhibiting non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen or indomethacin) on rat sperm hyperactivation in vitro. Rat cauda epididymal sperm were continuously incubated with different concentrations of drugs (aspirin: 0.87,1.7 or3.4 mmol; ibuprofen; 0.75,1.5 or 3.0 mmol; and indomethacin; 0.43, 0.87, or 1.7 mmol) in a modified B W W medium at 37°C for 4 h. At the end of 4 h, the number of sperms exhibiting hyperactivated motility (characterized by vigorus tail movements, marked lateral excursion of head and following a nonlinear swimming trajectory such as figure eight or circling) and total immobility were counted and expressed as a %. The results showed that all the 3 drugs significantly (p<0.05-0.01) inhibited hyperactivated sperm motility in a doserelated fashion. Further, all three concentrations of ibuprofen and indomethacin, and the high concentration of aspirin caused an elevation in the number of immotile sperm. It is concluded that moderate concentrations of COX-1 inhibiting non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can impair rat hyperactivated sperm motility in vitro.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Siyambalagoda, P. Perera, A. R. Wickremasinghe, N. P. Sumanaweera, T. Wijesinghe, D. Soyza, S. Maniwannan, W. Wickramasinghe, P. R. Wijesinghe
This study was carried out to assesshaemoglob-in levels of pregnant women resident in 3 health areas in the Polonnaruwa district. 978 pregnant women were randomly selected from among ante-natal clinic attendees, of whom 401 were from the Lankapura health area, 247 from the Dimbulagala health area and 330 from the Thamankaduwa health area. Capillary blood was obtained by finger prick and haemoglobin levels were estimated by the HemoCue method. Thirty seven percent of pregnant women were anaemic using a cutoff value of 11.0 g/dL. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of anaemia among the first 4 parities (p=0.5180). There were significant differences in the prevalence of anaemia between the 3 trimesters with the prevalence being highest during the 3" trimester (44%). The prevalence of anaemia was highest among pregnant women in the Lankapura health area area (44%) and lowest among pregnant women in the Thammankaduwa health area (19%).
{"title":"Haemoglobin levels among pregnant women in the Polonnaruwa distrct","authors":"R. Siyambalagoda, P. Perera, A. R. Wickremasinghe, N. P. Sumanaweera, T. Wijesinghe, D. Soyza, S. Maniwannan, W. Wickramasinghe, P. R. Wijesinghe","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4836","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to assesshaemoglob-in levels of pregnant women resident in 3 health areas in the Polonnaruwa district. 978 pregnant women were randomly selected from among ante-natal clinic attendees, of whom 401 were from the Lankapura health area, 247 from the Dimbulagala health area and 330 from the Thamankaduwa health area. Capillary blood was obtained by finger prick and haemoglobin levels were estimated by the HemoCue method. Thirty seven percent of pregnant women were anaemic using a cutoff value of 11.0 g/dL. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of anaemia among the first 4 parities (p=0.5180). There were significant differences in the prevalence of anaemia between the 3 trimesters with the prevalence being highest during the 3\" trimester (44%). The prevalence of anaemia was highest among pregnant women in the Lankapura health area area (44%) and lowest among pregnant women in the Thammankaduwa health area (19%).","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134452137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Siyambalagoda, P. Perera, A. R. Wickremasinghe, N. P. Sumanaweera
This study was conducted to assess and compare the nutritional status of primary school children of a new (Mahaweli System "B") and an old settlement (Parakrama Samudraya) area in the Polonnaruwa dis trict. A total of 941 and 719 primary school children from the new and old settlements, respectively, were studied. Heights and weights of primary school chil dren were measured using standard techniques. Fin ger prick blood samples were obtained to measure haemoglobin concentrations using"ERMA AE-11N" photoelectric colorimeter. Weight-for-age, heightfor-age and weight-for-height z-scores were calcu lated using EPIINFO. The nutritional status of the primary school children of the new settlement were poorer than those in the old settlement in all three anthropometric indicators, namely stunting, wast ing and underweight. The prevalence of stunting among children from the new settlement (36.2% and 31.2% in males and females respectively) was sig nificantly higher than those of children in the old settlement (29.0% and 28.6% in males and females respectively). The prevalences of wasting among children from the new settlement (51.8% and 48.2% in males and females respectively) were significantly higher than that of children in the old settlement (27.3% and 23.2% in males and females respectively). The prevalence of underweight was 65 .4% and 62.4% in the new settlement and 47.2% and 38.3% in the old settlement, in male and female children, re spectively. More than 8 5 % of the children were anaemic with the prevalence being significantly higher among children from the new settlement (91.5%) as compared to those from the old settlement(72.3%).
{"title":"A comparison of nutritional status of primary school children in two settlements in the Polonnaruwa District","authors":"R. Siyambalagoda, P. Perera, A. R. Wickremasinghe, N. P. Sumanaweera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4837","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess and compare the nutritional status of primary school children of a new (Mahaweli System \"B\") and an old settlement (Parakrama Samudraya) area in the Polonnaruwa dis trict. A total of 941 and 719 primary school children from the new and old settlements, respectively, were studied. Heights and weights of primary school chil dren were measured using standard techniques. Fin ger prick blood samples were obtained to measure haemoglobin concentrations using\"ERMA AE-11N\" photoelectric colorimeter. Weight-for-age, heightfor-age and weight-for-height z-scores were calcu lated using EPIINFO. The nutritional status of the primary school children of the new settlement were poorer than those in the old settlement in all three anthropometric indicators, namely stunting, wast ing and underweight. The prevalence of stunting among children from the new settlement (36.2% and 31.2% in males and females respectively) was sig nificantly higher than those of children in the old settlement (29.0% and 28.6% in males and females respectively). The prevalences of wasting among children from the new settlement (51.8% and 48.2% in males and females respectively) were significantly higher than that of children in the old settlement (27.3% and 23.2% in males and females respectively). The prevalence of underweight was 65 .4% and 62.4% in the new settlement and 47.2% and 38.3% in the old settlement, in male and female children, re spectively. More than 8 5 % of the children were anaemic with the prevalence being significantly higher among children from the new settlement (91.5%) as compared to those from the old settlement(72.3%).","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Dissanayake, M. Chandrasekara, E. Wikramanayake
Prevalence and mode of inheritance of median diastema has been studied in a population of 1018 Sinhalese (551 males and 467 females, age range 20 to 30 yrs). Median diastema is a visually detectable gap or space of more than 1mm between the upper permanent central incisors 1^1. A metal blade 1 mm thick was used as a measuring gauge. If the gauge passed through without any interference when inserted at right angles to the surface of 1^1, the trait was recorded as present. The prevalence of median diastema in the Sinhalese was compared with that reported for other population groups. Fifteen subjects who had median diastemas with high frenum were randomly selected as probands for construction of pedigrees. The most probable mode of inheritance was determined by using different models of inheritance. The findings were confirmed by assessing the frequency of distribution of the trait among individuals in the pedigrees using the simple counting method. The prevalence of median diastema in the Sinhalese is 9% and the mode of inheritance in the pedigrees studied was autosomal dominant with full penetrance.
{"title":"The prevalence and mode of inheritance of median diastema in the Sinhalese","authors":"U. Dissanayake, M. Chandrasekara, E. Wikramanayake","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I1.4834","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence and mode of inheritance of median diastema has been studied in a population of 1018 Sinhalese (551 males and 467 females, age range 20 to 30 yrs). Median diastema is a visually detectable gap or space of more than 1mm between the upper permanent central incisors 1^1. A metal blade 1 mm thick was used as a measuring gauge. If the gauge passed through without any interference when inserted at right angles to the surface of 1^1, the trait was recorded as present. The prevalence of median diastema in the Sinhalese was compared with that reported for other population groups. Fifteen subjects who had median diastemas with high frenum were randomly selected as probands for construction of pedigrees. The most probable mode of inheritance was determined by using different models of inheritance. The findings were confirmed by assessing the frequency of distribution of the trait among individuals in the pedigrees using the simple counting method. The prevalence of median diastema in the Sinhalese is 9% and the mode of inheritance in the pedigrees studied was autosomal dominant with full penetrance.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131581376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curriculum change, especially in a medical school which has previously followed a traditional curriculum is always traumatic, for there is no universal acceptance by all stake holders of the need to overhaul and change a familiar and comfortable curriculum whose end products are of a reasonable standard. However from the mid twentieth century increasing numbers of medical schools have changed curricula with good reason.
{"title":"Why change a medical curriculum","authors":"L. Mendis","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V45I1.4856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V45I1.4856","url":null,"abstract":"Curriculum change, especially in a medical school which has previously followed a traditional curriculum is always traumatic, for there is no universal acceptance by all stake holders of the need to overhaul and change a familiar and comfortable curriculum whose end products are of a reasonable standard. However from the mid twentieth century increasing numbers of medical schools have changed curricula with good reason.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data mining is relatively new in data analysis. It is a process that is used to explore and analyze large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns or rules by automatic or semi-automatic means. Currently information-rich sectors benefit from this and most significant and hence profitable applications are in marketing. Data mining is introduced in this article. Some important applications are discussed and common techniques described. A small application in agricultural research is illustrated and current status of data mining discussed.
{"title":"Mining for treasures of information: data mining","authors":"W. N. Wickremasinghe","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V45I1.4861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V45I1.4861","url":null,"abstract":"Data mining is relatively new in data analysis. It is a process that is used to explore and analyze large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns or rules by automatic or semi-automatic means. Currently information-rich sectors benefit from this and most significant and hence profitable applications are in marketing. Data mining is introduced in this article. Some important applications are discussed and common techniques described. A small application in agricultural research is illustrated and current status of data mining discussed.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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