Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).04
Roman Eremciuc, O. Bivol
In some cases, the operation of legislative additions and amendments to the Criminal Code may raise uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the criminal law. In this regard, the will of the legislator is to be expressed in a manner that meets the recognized criteria of quality of the law, namely: accessibility, predictability and clarity. In particular, the rule of criminal law must be worded with sufficient precision so as to enable the person to decide on his conduct and to reasonably foresee, in the light of the circumstances of the case, the consequences of such conduct. In this article, the authors set out to interpret the last sentence of art. 123 para. (2) of the Criminal Code, i.e. – to determine whether the members of the governing body and the persons holding key positions in the bank can be considered persons authorized or invested by the state to provide, on their behalf, public services or perform activities of interest public and implicitly, if they can be considered public persons, within the meaning of art. 123 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code, since, before the exercise of responsibilities, the candidatures of such persons must be approved by the National Bank of Moldova, or either, are to be considered persons managing a commercial organization, within the meaning of article 124 of the Criminal Code.
{"title":"Criminal implications of the legal status of members of the governing body and persons carrying out key functions in banks","authors":"Roman Eremciuc, O. Bivol","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).04","url":null,"abstract":"In some cases, the operation of legislative additions and amendments to the Criminal Code may raise uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the criminal law. In this regard, the will of the legislator is to be expressed in a manner that meets the recognized criteria of quality of the law, namely: accessibility, predictability and clarity. In particular, the rule of criminal law must be worded with sufficient precision so as to enable the person to decide on his conduct and to reasonably foresee, in the light of the circumstances of the case, the consequences of such conduct. In this article, the authors set out to interpret the last sentence of art. 123 para. (2) of the Criminal Code, i.e. – to determine whether the members of the governing body and the persons holding key positions in the bank can be considered persons authorized or invested by the state to provide, on their behalf, public services or perform activities of interest public and implicitly, if they can be considered public persons, within the meaning of art. 123 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code, since, before the exercise of responsibilities, the candidatures of such persons must be approved by the National Bank of Moldova, or either, are to be considered persons managing a commercial organization, within the meaning of article 124 of the Criminal Code.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"444 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133747053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).03
Cristina Pirtac
In this scientific approaches are pointed and characterized the internal (content) features of the official document: the material/immaterial object or product of the offence of forged public acts. The official document, regardless of its form, is characterized by a specific content. The specificity of this content is determined by: a) the particularity, according to which the official document is in circulation due to the exercise by public person or by person with a dignity position of their service attributions and b) the particularity, according to which the official document is an act with legal relevance, being apt to lead to the appearance, modification or termination of some legal relations. It is also pointed that in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, only the official document, not the private one can be a material/immaterial object or product of the offenses of forged public acts.
{"title":"Official document: material/immaterial object or product of offenses of forged public acts. PART II","authors":"Cristina Pirtac","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).03","url":null,"abstract":"In this scientific approaches are pointed and characterized the internal (content) features of the official document: the material/immaterial object or product of the offence of forged public acts. The official document, regardless of its form, is characterized by a specific content. The specificity of this content is determined by: a) the particularity, according to which the official document is in circulation due to the exercise by public person or by person with a dignity position of their service attributions and b) the particularity, according to which the official document is an act with legal relevance, being apt to lead to the appearance, modification or termination of some legal relations. It is also pointed that in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, only the official document, not the private one can be a material/immaterial object or product of the offenses of forged public acts.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117254054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).05
Domnița Vizdoagă
As a means of collecting materials, the search and seizure of objects and documents is of undeniable importance in criminal evidence, providing valuable data that serve to establish the existence or non-existence of the crime, to identify the perpetrator, to establish guilt and other circumstances essential to the just settlement of the case. The present study, in the light of the proportionality test, reflects on the application of several evidentiary procedures, based on multiple criteria, in particular, the assessment of the reasonable doubt, the proportionality between the evidentiary procedure used and the degree of the incriminated deed; the relevance of the materials collected as a result of the evidentiary procedure and the excessive use of force, in carrying out the search.
{"title":"Implementation of the proportionality test during the search process and the collection of evidence","authors":"Domnița Vizdoagă","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).05","url":null,"abstract":"As a means of collecting materials, the search and seizure of objects and documents is of undeniable importance in criminal evidence, providing valuable data that serve to establish the existence or non-existence of the crime, to identify the perpetrator, to establish guilt and other circumstances essential to the just settlement of the case. The present study, in the light of the proportionality test, reflects on the application of several evidentiary procedures, based on multiple criteria, in particular, the assessment of the reasonable doubt, the proportionality between the evidentiary procedure used and the degree of the incriminated deed; the relevance of the materials collected as a result of the evidentiary procedure and the excessive use of force, in carrying out the search.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126988553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).06
Olga Dorul, Doina Cazacu
Human dignity is a criterion of appreciation among people, because each of us wants dignity, it comes from our own nature, but it can be achieved in the community of which we are part. Throughout the existence and development of mankind, there have been various situations in which, however, human dignity has been violated. These situations, in turn, in addition to making the problem visible, served as a pillar for inventing new areas of protection of human dignity, such as: from the perspective of unbearable social conditions and the marginalization of poor social classes; unequal treatment of women and men at work; discrimination against foreigners and cultural, linguistic, religious and racial minorities; brutal expulsion of illegal immigrants and applicants today, disability, medicine, etc. In light of such specific challenges, various aspects of the significance of human dignity arise from the multitude of experiences of what it means to be humiliated and deeply hurt. All these have taken to a new level the perception of human dignity and have generated, depending on the stated problem, different legal, international instruments meant to protect the dignity of human being.
{"title":"Human dignity - source and foundation of human rights and freedoms in the 21st century","authors":"Olga Dorul, Doina Cazacu","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).06","url":null,"abstract":"Human dignity is a criterion of appreciation among people, because each of us wants dignity, it comes from our own nature, but it can be achieved in the community of which we are part. Throughout the existence and development of mankind, there have been various situations in which, however, human dignity has been violated. These situations, in turn, in addition to making the problem visible, served as a pillar for inventing new areas of protection of human dignity, such as: from the perspective of unbearable social conditions and the marginalization of poor social classes; unequal treatment of women and men at work; discrimination against foreigners and cultural, linguistic, religious and racial minorities; brutal expulsion of illegal immigrants and applicants today, disability, medicine, etc. In light of such specific challenges, various aspects of the significance of human dignity arise from the multitude of experiences of what it means to be humiliated and deeply hurt. All these have taken to a new level the perception of human dignity and have generated, depending on the stated problem, different legal, international instruments meant to protect the dignity of human being.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).08
Z. Zahynei-Zabolotenko, P.Yu. Demiak
This article is about the problem of understanding the concept „conflict of interest” and its characteristics in the legal positions of Administrative Court of Cassation as a part of Supreme Court of Ukraine. From the article we can understand that these legal positions touch the correct definition of characteristics of private interest, potential and real conflict of interest, finding out people who are subordinated to a person who is authorized to perform state or local self-government functions, and it can causes potential or real conflict of interest. These legal positions can be used in bringing the guilty persons to administrative responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses.
{"title":"Signs of the concept of „conflict of interest” in the judicial practice of Ukraine","authors":"Z. Zahynei-Zabolotenko, P.Yu. Demiak","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).08","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about the problem of understanding the concept „conflict of interest” and its characteristics in the legal positions of Administrative Court of Cassation as a part of Supreme Court of Ukraine. From the article we can understand that these legal positions touch the correct definition of characteristics of private interest, potential and real conflict of interest, finding out people who are subordinated to a person who is authorized to perform state or local self-government functions, and it can causes potential or real conflict of interest. These legal positions can be used in bringing the guilty persons to administrative responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"19 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114123750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).07
Alexndru Cauia, Feodor Bria
The legal regulation of ensuring the safety of air traffic in general and of air routes in particular is one of the main concerns of specialists in the field of public international law. The principles and objectives, structure and organization of airspace for safe and efficient operation by analyzing the procedures for the formation and operation of air routes are the subject of this article. Airspace areas with special legal status are an important element of airspace regulation and the process of ensuring air route safety. The analysis of the normative provisions that contribute to ensuring the security of air routes, the risks and threats on the safety of these routes and the mechanisms for preventing and combating them are a priority for specialists in the field of international air law.
{"title":"Mechanisms and legal instruments to ensure air route safety","authors":"Alexndru Cauia, Feodor Bria","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).07","url":null,"abstract":"The legal regulation of ensuring the safety of air traffic in general and of air routes in particular is one of the main concerns of specialists in the field of public international law. The principles and objectives, structure and organization of airspace for safe and efficient operation by analyzing the procedures for the formation and operation of air routes are the subject of this article. Airspace areas with special legal status are an important element of airspace regulation and the process of ensuring air route safety. The analysis of the normative provisions that contribute to ensuring the security of air routes, the risks and threats on the safety of these routes and the mechanisms for preventing and combating them are a priority for specialists in the field of international air law.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115728830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).01
Tatiana Vizdoaga, Adriana Eşanu
Pursuant to Article 66 paragraph (2) point 1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the accused has the right to know for what deed he is accused […], i.e. to be informed on the nature and cause of the accusation brought against him. If the person is not properly informed about the accusation, he is deprived of the right to ensure the possibility of preparing and exercising his defense, being seriously affected by the principles of a fair trial, guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although the principle governing the exercise of rights by the accused in criminal proceedings guarantees the use of any means and procedures of defense, except those expressly prohibited by law, some prosecutors are reluctant to defenders’ requests to explain the accusation in criminal proceedings, context in which, in most cases, either declares them inadmissible or considers them unfounded. Such an approach does not reconcile the right to a fair trial; or, the clarity of what is set out in the indictment is also linked to the right of the accused to defend himself – as an indispensable element of the protection of the person against arbitrariness. Therefore, in this study, the authors will come up with pertinent arguments to annihilate the vicious practice of prosecutors to disregard the importance of predictability of the accusation in order to ensure the right to defense, as well as avoiding the conviction of the Republic of Moldova by the European Court for European Convention.
{"title":"The right of the defense to request an explanation of the accusation during the criminal investigation phase","authors":"Tatiana Vizdoaga, Adriana Eşanu","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).01","url":null,"abstract":"Pursuant to Article 66 paragraph (2) point 1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the accused has the right to know for what deed he is accused […], i.e. to be informed on the nature and cause of the accusation brought against him. If the person is not properly informed about the accusation, he is deprived of the right to ensure the possibility of preparing and exercising his defense, being seriously affected by the principles of a fair trial, guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although the principle governing the exercise of rights by the accused in criminal proceedings guarantees the use of any means and procedures of defense, except those expressly prohibited by law, some prosecutors are reluctant to defenders’ requests to explain the accusation in criminal proceedings, context in which, in most cases, either declares them inadmissible or considers them unfounded. Such an approach does not reconcile the right to a fair trial; or, the clarity of what is set out in the indictment is also linked to the right of the accused to defend himself – as an indispensable element of the protection of the person against arbitrariness. Therefore, in this study, the authors will come up with pertinent arguments to annihilate the vicious practice of prosecutors to disregard the importance of predictability of the accusation in order to ensure the right to defense, as well as avoiding the conviction of the Republic of Moldova by the European Court for European Convention.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116264610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).08
V. Cojocaru
This article highlighted the specific nature of the execution of custodial sentences in the Republic of Moldova. Similarly, some theoretical and practical aspects of the current difficulties encountered in achieving the purpose of the deprivation of liberty were approached through the proper application of progressive and regressive regimes. Special importance has been given to the identification of the current regulations that determine the placement in different types of prisons with the three detention regimes. Also, this scientific paper draws attention to the necessity to carry out studies aimed at contributing to the formulation of proposals for amending the normative and institutional framework in order to enforce custodial sentences, including the current infrastructure conditions. For a suitable weighting of the necessary efforts in the process of applying new detention regimes. Thus, the legal analysis of the present provisions has attempted to make the present work useful both to the justices and to the academic environment regarding the current realities concerning the application of detention regimes and the need for intervention in this field.
{"title":"Theoretical-practical approaches regarding the detention regimes in the penitentiaries of the Republic of Moldova","authors":"V. Cojocaru","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).08","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlighted the specific nature of the execution of custodial sentences in the Republic of Moldova. Similarly, some theoretical and practical aspects of the current difficulties encountered in achieving the purpose of the deprivation of liberty were approached through the proper application of progressive and regressive regimes. Special importance has been given to the identification of the current regulations that determine the placement in different types of prisons with the three detention regimes. Also, this scientific paper draws attention to the necessity to carry out studies aimed at contributing to the formulation of proposals for amending the normative and institutional framework in order to enforce custodial sentences, including the current infrastructure conditions. For a suitable weighting of the necessary efforts in the process of applying new detention regimes. Thus, the legal analysis of the present provisions has attempted to make the present work useful both to the justices and to the academic environment regarding the current realities concerning the application of detention regimes and the need for intervention in this field.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).05
Vadim Prisacari
In this scientific article is addressed the issue of qualifying the crime of hooliganism when it occurs in the position of repeated crime. It is argued that in order to be incident the aggravating circumstantial sign enshrined in letter a) paragraph (2) art. 287 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova it is not imperative that the perpetrator has previously committed an act of hooliganism in the standard version. The repeated single offense is a legal fiction. The offenses committed (forming the repeated offense) de facto represent a multiple offences, while de jure, artificially, form the content of a single offense. In any case, the repeated crime bears enormous similarities to the multiple offences (a form of the plurality of offences), deriving from the latter legal category. Repeated crime does not constitute a deviation from criminal recidivism (the other form of plurality of offenses). Repeated crime is not a form of plurality of crimes.
{"title":"Qualification of the repeated single offence: the case of hooliganism","authors":"Vadim Prisacari","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).05","url":null,"abstract":"In this scientific article is addressed the issue of qualifying the crime of hooliganism when it occurs in the position of repeated crime. It is argued that in order to be incident the aggravating circumstantial sign enshrined in letter a) paragraph (2) art. 287 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova it is not imperative that the perpetrator has previously committed an act of hooliganism in the standard version. The repeated single offense is a legal fiction. The offenses committed (forming the repeated offense) de facto represent a multiple offences, while de jure, artificially, form the content of a single offense. In any case, the repeated crime bears enormous similarities to the multiple offences (a form of the plurality of offences), deriving from the latter legal category. Repeated crime does not constitute a deviation from criminal recidivism (the other form of plurality of offenses). Repeated crime is not a form of plurality of crimes.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).06
Lilia Lupaşco
The criminal process manifests a staged character and each of the phases of the process aims at solving certain issues and ends with the adoption of appropriate solutions. The phase of preparing the criminal case for trial is a relevant example. Assessing the evidence until the decision to prosecute is adopted is like a „filter” that prevents the passage of the criminal case to the next stage if circumstances are discovered in it. The assessment of the evidence at the stage of putting the criminal case on the register shows interest because here the bases of the activity of the court for the next stage – of the trial of the case on the merits are laid.
{"title":"Assessment of evidence in adopting decisions to put a criminal case","authors":"Lilia Lupaşco","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).06","url":null,"abstract":"The criminal process manifests a staged character and each of the phases of the process aims at solving certain issues and ends with the adoption of appropriate solutions. The phase of preparing the criminal case for trial is a relevant example. Assessing the evidence until the decision to prosecute is adopted is like a „filter” that prevents the passage of the criminal case to the next stage if circumstances are discovered in it. The assessment of the evidence at the stage of putting the criminal case on the register shows interest because here the bases of the activity of the court for the next stage – of the trial of the case on the merits are laid.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134464362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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