Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).02
Constanta Obada
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues related to the clarification of the essence and legal construction of the surface right/ superficies, as initially regulated by the Moldovan legislator (until 01.03.2019), due to the fact that in the local literature there were different opinions with reference to this subject, which, consequently, led to the equivocal interpretation of the norms of law in the same matter, and this interpretation, respectively, offered different solutions of practical application of the norms regarding the institution of superficies. Thus, in this paper was analyzed the evolution of the right of superficies over time and highlighted the premises that led to the change of several rules governing the institution of superficies, but also the concept of real estate, in general.
{"title":"Legal construction of the superficies until the modernization of the civil code of the Republic of Moldova and the background which lead to the amendment of the civil code","authors":"Constanta Obada","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues related to the clarification of the essence and legal construction of the surface right/ superficies, as initially regulated by the Moldovan legislator (until 01.03.2019), due to the fact that in the local literature there were different opinions with reference to this subject, which, consequently, led to the equivocal interpretation of the norms of law in the same matter, and this interpretation, respectively, offered different solutions of practical application of the norms regarding the institution of superficies. Thus, in this paper was analyzed the evolution of the right of superficies over time and highlighted the premises that led to the change of several rules governing the institution of superficies, but also the concept of real estate, in general.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122912035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).09
A. Manasyan
The article considers the issues with regard to the direct effect of the Constitution. The topic is presented by analyzing the techniques for proper implementation of the Constitution and ensuring the constitutionality of the law enforcement/judicial practice. Author differentiates the content of the concepts „direct effect” and “direct implementation” of the Constitution, presenting the essence of each of the notions. Techniques for proper implementation of constitutional norms are suggested by the author, analyzing also the implementation priority rules. According to the author implementing legislative provisions in conformity with their constitutionallegal content is another precondition for ensuring the proper application of the Constitution. The law enforcement/judicial practice can become a subject of consideration by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Armenia if itis not an issue of legitimacy of the mentioned practice, but an issue of constitutionality of the latter, an issue of evaluation of the circumstance whether the legal acts are implemented in conformity with their constitutional-legal content in the frames of the mentioned practice is raised.
{"title":"Direct effect of the constitution and its impact on case-law in the Republic of Armenia","authors":"A. Manasyan","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).09","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the issues with regard to the direct effect of the Constitution. The topic is presented by analyzing the techniques for proper implementation of the Constitution and ensuring the constitutionality of the law enforcement/judicial practice. Author differentiates the content of the concepts „direct effect” and “direct implementation” of the Constitution, presenting the essence of each of the notions. Techniques for proper implementation of constitutional norms are suggested by the author, analyzing also the implementation priority rules. According to the author implementing legislative provisions in conformity with their constitutionallegal content is another precondition for ensuring the proper application of the Constitution. The law enforcement/judicial practice can become a subject of consideration by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Armenia if itis not an issue of legitimacy of the mentioned practice, but an issue of constitutionality of the latter, an issue of evaluation of the circumstance whether the legal acts are implemented in conformity with their constitutional-legal content in the frames of the mentioned practice is raised.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133453009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).03
Mihail Poalelungi, Mihail Poalelungi
The process of European integration has never followed a clear path and the current EU predecessors had never been by far the only efforts of the regional integration in Europe. Created in the 1950s, the European Communities as today’s EU predecessors, have overdue emerged in a very broad area populated by international organizations and various cooperation institutions. This organization, only by matching economic and political challenges, succeeded in becoming the most important cooperation forum between European states. Although in the early 1950s the Western European states could often choose between various forms of regional cooperation, today the EU is frequently seen as the only available at the European level option and the only model of institutional governance.
{"title":"A historical and judicial approach on the transformation of the European Communities, the predecessors of the European Union, into an institutional model across the region","authors":"Mihail Poalelungi, Mihail Poalelungi","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).03","url":null,"abstract":"The process of European integration has never followed a clear path and the current EU predecessors had never been by far the only efforts of the regional integration in Europe. Created in the 1950s, the European Communities as today’s EU predecessors, have overdue emerged in a very broad area populated by international organizations and various cooperation institutions. This organization, only by matching economic and political challenges, succeeded in becoming the most important cooperation forum between European states. Although in the early 1950s the Western European states could often choose between various forms of regional cooperation, today the EU is frequently seen as the only available at the European level option and the only model of institutional governance.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).07
Cristina Pirtac
In this scientific approaches is defined the “document”, in general, and the „official document”, in particular, as an entity that appears in the position of material/immaterial object or product of the offenses of forged public acts. It is shown that the notion „document” has the following features (characteristics and to official document): a) implies the presence of a support; b) consists of information; c) possesses attributes based on which it is identified. Correspondingly, the official document (species of the document) consists of: a) information (with the particularity that it is of an official nature) and b) informational support (materialized or electronic). The criminal law of the Republic of Moldova does not include a definition of the notion „official document”. Nor in other national normative acts the notion in question is not explained. The meaning of the notion „official document” transpire from the text of some legal provisions with a non-legal-criminal character. Also, the content of this term is reproduced in the text of some international legal instruments, among which: the Convention of the Council of Europe on access to official documents, signed in Tromsø on 18.06.2009, in force for the Republic of Moldova from December 2020.
{"title":"Official document: material/immaterial object or product of offenses of forged public acts. PART I.","authors":"Cristina Pirtac","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).07","url":null,"abstract":"In this scientific approaches is defined the “document”, in general, and the „official document”, in particular, as an entity that appears in the position of material/immaterial object or product of the offenses of forged public acts. It is shown that the notion „document” has the following features (characteristics and to official document): a) implies the presence of a support; b) consists of information; c) possesses attributes based on which it is identified. Correspondingly, the official document (species of the document) consists of: a) information (with the particularity that it is of an official nature) and b) informational support (materialized or electronic). The criminal law of the Republic of Moldova does not include a definition of the notion „official document”. Nor in other national normative acts the notion in question is not explained. The meaning of the notion „official document” transpire from the text of some legal provisions with a non-legal-criminal character. Also, the content of this term is reproduced in the text of some international legal instruments, among which: the Convention of the Council of Europe on access to official documents, signed in Tromsø on 18.06.2009, in force for the Republic of Moldova from December 2020.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125529537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).01
Ion Caraman
The court’s decision is a final product of the judicial activity, aimed to ensure the protection of the persons contested rights, freedoms or legitimate interests. However, in order to establish an effective protection, it is important that the court decision is final has the authority of res judicata. In specialized literature, configured two concepts regarding res judicata. In this article, are highlighted the criteria that delimit this two concepts and the practical and theoretical necessity of such delimitation.
{"title":"The difference between the power of res judicata and the authority of res judicata","authors":"Ion Caraman","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).01","url":null,"abstract":"The court’s decision is a final product of the judicial activity, aimed to ensure the protection of the persons contested rights, freedoms or legitimate interests. However, in order to establish an effective protection, it is important that the court decision is final has the authority of res judicata. In specialized literature, configured two concepts regarding res judicata. In this article, are highlighted the criteria that delimit this two concepts and the practical and theoretical necessity of such delimitation.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"77 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).04
Alovsat Vilayet Allahverdiyev
The present article is dedicated to the meaning, nature and scope of the universal jurisdiction over war crimes as well as the use of universal jurisdiction in the practice of various states. The universal jurisdiction on war crimes can be considered as one of the cornerstones of the current international law areas, particularly international criminal law and international humanitarian law. In this regard, not only international courts, but also national judiciary applies the concept of universal jurisdiction while overviewing the criminal cases of world-wide importance. The article deals with war crimes and the application of universal jurisdiction, which pose a serious threat to international peace and security. First of all, the essence of universal jurisdiction, the disagreement over its application and, consequently, its importance are touched upon. It has become the responsibility of states to prosecute or to extradite those convicted of war crimes, crimes against humanity, aggression and genocide, regardless of their nationality or home country. Of course, the goal here is to ensure that those convicted of international crimes that are dangerous to humanity go unpunished with no exception. There are many case examples from the national jurisdiction of different states and the article refers to specific court judgements in this regard. Finally, the author considers recommendations regarding the establishment of national legislation what allows more efficient application of universal jurisdiction in connection with war crimes.
{"title":"Application of universal jurisdiction for war crimes in national legislations of states: comparative analysis","authors":"Alovsat Vilayet Allahverdiyev","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.3(58).04","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is dedicated to the meaning, nature and scope of the universal jurisdiction over war crimes as well as the use of universal jurisdiction in the practice of various states. The universal jurisdiction on war crimes can be considered as one of the cornerstones of the current international law areas, particularly international criminal law and international humanitarian law. In this regard, not only international courts, but also national judiciary applies the concept of universal jurisdiction while overviewing the criminal cases of world-wide importance. The article deals with war crimes and the application of universal jurisdiction, which pose a serious threat to international peace and security. First of all, the essence of universal jurisdiction, the disagreement over its application and, consequently, its importance are touched upon. It has become the responsibility of states to prosecute or to extradite those convicted of war crimes, crimes against humanity, aggression and genocide, regardless of their nationality or home country. Of course, the goal here is to ensure that those convicted of international crimes that are dangerous to humanity go unpunished with no exception. There are many case examples from the national jurisdiction of different states and the article refers to specific court judgements in this regard. Finally, the author considers recommendations regarding the establishment of national legislation what allows more efficient application of universal jurisdiction in connection with war crimes.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).08
Elena Tentiuc
This paper contains a classification of the main features of the codified act, which differentiates it from uncoded normative legal acts. One of the key features discussed in the article relates to the dominant position of the code in relation to other normative acts, of the same level, so that the author comes up with a de lege ferenda proposal to enshrine this position. Systematizing the various doctrinal opinions, the author finally comes up with his own doctrinal enumeration of the features that represent, in her opinion, the most relevant characteristics of the codified act.
{"title":"The concept and features to the coded act (code)","authors":"Elena Tentiuc","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains a classification of the main features of the codified act, which differentiates it from uncoded normative legal acts. One of the key features discussed in the article relates to the dominant position of the code in relation to other normative acts, of the same level, so that the author comes up with a de lege ferenda proposal to enshrine this position. Systematizing the various doctrinal opinions, the author finally comes up with his own doctrinal enumeration of the features that represent, in her opinion, the most relevant characteristics of the codified act.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116441992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).07
Tudor Osoianu, Ion Chirtoaca
A final and irrevocable court decision enjoys the authority of the res judicata. Thus, a settled dispute can no longer, in principle, be the subject of a new trial, with the same object, the same cause and between the same parties. However, judicial errors crept into final court decisions as a result of several omissions may lead to the resumption of the trial in order to find out the truth. Such a mechanism is governed by the extraordinary remedy of review which is a retraction and at the same time a procedural means by which final judgments are challenged and has as its primary purpose the correction of serious errors.
{"title":"Recent evolution of jurisdiction in criminal review","authors":"Tudor Osoianu, Ion Chirtoaca","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).07","url":null,"abstract":"A final and irrevocable court decision enjoys the authority of the res judicata. Thus, a settled dispute can no longer, in principle, be the subject of a new trial, with the same object, the same cause and between the same parties. However, judicial errors crept into final court decisions as a result of several omissions may lead to the resumption of the trial in order to find out the truth. Such a mechanism is governed by the extraordinary remedy of review which is a retraction and at the same time a procedural means by which final judgments are challenged and has as its primary purpose the correction of serious errors.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134007264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).06
Artur Sircu
Although the practice of hybrid courts was aimed at repressing international crimes, it also represents a reliable and effective model for examining cases on violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms within the territories with contested jurisdiction, not in the light of territorial dispute settlement but from the perspective of remediation, prevention and infringements ending rational within territories where there is no fair, constitutional and independent justice system. Such courts would represent the optimal solution for assessing any cases on human rights violations on the territory of self-proclaimed Dniester Republic in line with the lawfulness exercise, until the final settlement of the Transdniestrian conflict. The jurisdiction could include a panel composed of 7 judges, of which 3 would be appointed by the constitutional authorities of the Republic of Moldova, pursuant to different formulas, 2 – appointed by the UN and 2 – appointed by the OSCE. At least 3 judges shall be preferably from among the former judges of an international jurisdiction (e.g. the International Criminal Court, the European Court of Human Rights etc.). The European Convention on Human Rights could serve as the applicable substantive law, and the legislation of the Republic of Moldova – as the procedural law. The impact of creating such a court would be pivotal for the establishment of a human rights „coverage area” on the left bank of the Dniester. It is recommended however, for the proper functioning of this jurisdiction, especially endowed with confidence in the act of justice under the guarantee of international judges, that the origin of this jurisdiction shall be an external one, preferably a UN based one.
{"title":"The hybrid court – an appropriate solution for the protection of human rights within the territory of the Self-proclaimed Dniester Republic","authors":"Artur Sircu","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).06","url":null,"abstract":"Although the practice of hybrid courts was aimed at repressing international crimes, it also represents a reliable and effective model for examining cases on violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms within the territories with contested jurisdiction, not in the light of territorial dispute settlement but from the perspective of remediation, prevention and infringements ending rational within territories where there is no fair, constitutional and independent justice system. Such courts would represent the optimal solution for assessing any cases on human rights violations on the territory of self-proclaimed Dniester Republic in line with the lawfulness exercise, until the final settlement of the Transdniestrian conflict. The jurisdiction could include a panel composed of 7 judges, of which 3 would be appointed by the constitutional authorities of the Republic of Moldova, pursuant to different formulas, 2 – appointed by the UN and 2 – appointed by the OSCE. At least 3 judges shall be preferably from among the former judges of an international jurisdiction (e.g. the International Criminal Court, the European Court of Human Rights etc.). The European Convention on Human Rights could serve as the applicable substantive law, and the legislation of the Republic of Moldova – as the procedural law. The impact of creating such a court would be pivotal for the establishment of a human rights „coverage area” on the left bank of the Dniester. It is recommended however, for the proper functioning of this jurisdiction, especially endowed with confidence in the act of justice under the guarantee of international judges, that the origin of this jurisdiction shall be an external one, preferably a UN based one.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134417821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).04
Alexandru Cauia, Naif Jassim Alabduljabbar
Reading the International Humanitarian Law, point of view of the status of subjects of Public International Law of the parties ist the only issue that involved in military conflicts matters so that they can be qualified as international or non-international, which depends directly on the volume of legal rules to be enforced and complied by the warring parties. Thus, members of peacekeeping operations conducted under the auspices of the UN, or with the participation of regional structures must strictly comply with the provisions of the rules of war throughout their actions in situations that may qualify as armed conflicts. Mechanisms and instruments for ensuring compliance with the rules of International Humanitarian Law by members of peacekeeping contingents shall be the subject of research in this article.
{"title":"Applicability of the rules of international humanitarian law to peacekeeping operations in regional crises","authors":"Alexandru Cauia, Naif Jassim Alabduljabbar","doi":"10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.2(57).04","url":null,"abstract":"Reading the International Humanitarian Law, point of view of the status of subjects of Public International Law of the parties ist the only issue that involved in military conflicts matters so that they can be qualified as international or non-international, which depends directly on the volume of legal rules to be enforced and complied by the warring parties. Thus, members of peacekeeping operations conducted under the auspices of the UN, or with the participation of regional structures must strictly comply with the provisions of the rules of war throughout their actions in situations that may qualify as armed conflicts. Mechanisms and instruments for ensuring compliance with the rules of International Humanitarian Law by members of peacekeeping contingents shall be the subject of research in this article.","PeriodicalId":254422,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the National Institute of Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：