Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.006
N. Çetin
Machine learning algorithms have been usually used in food drying. These models are also effectively used for nonlinear processes such as heat and mass transfer. Estimation of drying characteristics is also important for optimizing drying conditions. Estimating of moisture rate and drying rate ensures accurate and high quality drying of the product under air-convective drying conditions. In this study, drying rate (DR) and moisture ratio (MR) were estimated in air-convective conditions with the use of drying time, moisture content (d.b.), and effective moisture diffusivity as input. In addition, two different validation methodology was performed as k-fold cross validation and train test split. In the present study random forest-RF; multilayer perceptron-MLP; and k-nearest neighbor-kNN were performed to estimate of drying rate and moisture ratio. As a result, correlation coefficients were found above 0.8500 for moisture ratio and 0.8722 for drying rate. The findings show that algorithms could be successfully applied for the estimation of drying rate and moisture ratio.
{"title":"MACHINE LEARNING BASED ESTIMATION OF DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLE SLICES","authors":"N. Çetin","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.006","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning algorithms have been usually used in food drying. These models are also effectively used for nonlinear processes such as heat and mass transfer. Estimation of drying characteristics is also important for optimizing drying conditions. Estimating of moisture rate and drying rate ensures accurate and high quality drying of the product under air-convective drying conditions. In this study, drying rate (DR) and moisture ratio (MR) were estimated in air-convective conditions with the use of drying time, moisture content (d.b.), and effective moisture diffusivity as input. In addition, two different validation methodology was performed as k-fold cross validation and train test split. In the present study random forest-RF; multilayer perceptron-MLP; and k-nearest neighbor-kNN were performed to estimate of drying rate and moisture ratio. As a result, correlation coefficients were found above 0.8500 for moisture ratio and 0.8722 for drying rate. The findings show that algorithms could be successfully applied for the estimation of drying rate and moisture ratio.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116679862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.012
Mahmut Kaplan, Nadide Kılınc, H. Pınar
This study was conducted to determine the genetic similarities/differences of twenty-five annual grass varieties using the SRAP marker system. While the mean polymorphism rate was determined as 87%, the highest polymorphism was determined in the Me4 Em6, Me4 Em7, Me2 Em13, Me4 Em4, Me4 Em9, Me4 Em11, Me4 Em12, Me2 Em14 and Me3 Em2 primer combinations. The lowest polymorphism rate was obtained from Me3 Em3 (70%) primer combination. According to the dendrogram obtained from the molecular characterization of grass varieties using SRAP molecular markers, great variation was observed between the genotypes. The degree of similarity in the dendrogram varied between 0.54-0.90. According to the findings, it can be said that the SRAP marker system was an effective marker system in determining the genetic similarities and differences between different grass varieties. In addition, the variation obtained among the annual grass varieties used in the study can be used both in the grass application and in breeding programs.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE GENETIC SIMILARITIES/DIFFERENCES OF SOME ANNUAL GRASS VARIETIES","authors":"Mahmut Kaplan, Nadide Kılınc, H. Pınar","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.012","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the genetic similarities/differences of twenty-five annual grass varieties using the SRAP marker system. While the mean polymorphism rate was determined as 87%, the highest polymorphism was determined in the Me4 Em6, Me4 Em7, Me2 Em13, Me4 Em4, Me4 Em9, Me4 Em11, Me4 Em12, Me2 Em14 and Me3 Em2 primer combinations. The lowest polymorphism rate was obtained from Me3 Em3 (70%) primer combination. According to the dendrogram obtained from the molecular characterization of grass varieties using SRAP molecular markers, great variation was observed between the genotypes. The degree of similarity in the dendrogram varied between 0.54-0.90. According to the findings, it can be said that the SRAP marker system was an effective marker system in determining the genetic similarities and differences between different grass varieties. In addition, the variation obtained among the annual grass varieties used in the study can be used both in the grass application and in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123784735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.010
Mohammed Souddi, Mohammed El Hafedh Belarouci, M. Bouallala
Public gardens are necessary to improve the quality of life, and wellbeing of urban residents. The objective of this study was to inventory the floristic diversity of spontaneous species in three sites representing different public gardens in southwestern Algeria. To document all spontaneous species present, a total of 64 quadrats were established in August 2021. To express differences in diversity between sites, the species richness and biological diversity index were used. A total of 375 individuals, representing 15 families, 29 genera, and 31 species were recorded. The family Asteraceae is represented by the highest number of species (7 species) followed by Amaranthaceae and Poaceae (5 species), whereas, 10 families are represented by one species each. Therophytes (58.06%) and Chamephytes (16.13%) are relatively high life forms of the vegetation spectra. Phytogeographical analysis of the vegetation in the area revealed the forte representation of cosmopolitan elements. The ranges of diversity indices observed in the three sites were: Shannon- Weaver index (2.99-3.86), Evenness index (0.76-0.88) and Sørensen coefficient (53%-61%). The application of principal component analysis to the data characterized the ecological gradients responsible for the distribution of these taxa at the level of the three sites. This study contains important information on spontaneous plants in arid environments, which should be integrated into the priority of plant genetic resources valorization programs.
{"title":"DIVERSITY OF SPONTANEOUS PLANTS IN PUBLIC GARDENS AT ARID ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"Mohammed Souddi, Mohammed El Hafedh Belarouci, M. Bouallala","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.010","url":null,"abstract":"Public gardens are necessary to improve the quality of life, and wellbeing of urban residents. The objective of this study was to inventory the floristic diversity of spontaneous species in three sites representing different public gardens in southwestern Algeria. To document all spontaneous species present, a total of 64 quadrats were established in August 2021. To express differences in diversity between sites, the species richness and biological diversity index were used. A total of 375 individuals, representing 15 families, 29 genera, and 31 species were recorded. The family Asteraceae is represented by the highest number of species (7 species) followed by Amaranthaceae and Poaceae (5 species), whereas, 10 families are represented by one species each. Therophytes (58.06%) and Chamephytes (16.13%) are relatively high life forms of the vegetation spectra. Phytogeographical analysis of the vegetation in the area revealed the forte representation of cosmopolitan elements. The ranges of diversity indices observed in the three sites were: Shannon- Weaver index (2.99-3.86), Evenness index (0.76-0.88) and Sørensen coefficient (53%-61%). The application of principal component analysis to the data characterized the ecological gradients responsible for the distribution of these taxa at the level of the three sites. This study contains important information on spontaneous plants in arid environments, which should be integrated into the priority of plant genetic resources valorization programs.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128034609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.020
C. Mihăescu, C. Ponepal, M. Țânțu, G. Brînzea, Nicolae Brinzea, L. Soare, A. Păunescu
Cultural heritage has a cultural significance, which refers to the aesthetic value of the heritage asset, the historical or social value of monuments for past, present or future generations. In conservation areas where there are open environment conditions, there are ecological producers (autotrophic bacteria, algae, lichens and higher plants). In terms of trophic relationships and the main food chain, the presence in the conservation environment of collections from archives, libraries and museums of excessive food resources for biodeteriogenic pests determines the possibility of the absence of producers, which is why most populations settled in the environment conservation of movable cultural heritage goods are consumers (egs insects) and destroyers (bacteria and fungi). In the present study, various fragments of cultural heritage goods taken from cemeteries, churches, for the purpose of analyzing biological patinas and establishing the etiopathogenic complex were subjected to analysis. Fungi of the genera Alternaria, Penicilium, Aspergillus, etc., various bryophytes, lichens and blue-green algae have been identified.
{"title":"ASPECTS REGARDING THE ATTACK OF SOME BIODETERIOGENS ON SOME CULT OBJECTS FROM ARGES COUNTY","authors":"C. Mihăescu, C. Ponepal, M. Țânțu, G. Brînzea, Nicolae Brinzea, L. Soare, A. Păunescu","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.020","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural heritage has a cultural significance, which refers to the aesthetic value of the heritage asset, the historical or social value of monuments for past, present or future generations. In conservation areas where there are open environment conditions, there are ecological producers (autotrophic bacteria, algae, lichens and higher plants). In terms of trophic relationships and the main food chain, the presence in the conservation environment of collections from archives, libraries and museums of excessive food resources for biodeteriogenic pests determines the possibility of the absence of producers, which is why most populations settled in the environment conservation of movable cultural heritage goods are consumers (egs insects) and destroyers (bacteria and fungi). In the present study, various fragments of cultural heritage goods taken from cemeteries, churches, for the purpose of analyzing biological patinas and establishing the etiopathogenic complex were subjected to analysis. Fungi of the genera Alternaria, Penicilium, Aspergillus, etc., various bryophytes, lichens and blue-green algae have been identified.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122680814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.008
H. Pınar, Mustafa Bircan, A. Uzun
In fruit trees, gametophytic self-incompatibility is one of the major problem because of preventing self-fertilization controlled by a single locus with some allelic variants. Among the fruits, apricots also show self-incompatibility especially originated from Middle-Asian and Iranian-Caucasian. In present study, it was determined self-compatible/incompatible of some apricot cultivars which cultivated in Turkey. 17 Turkish and 42 foreign apricot cultivars were used in this study. Analyses were carried out using three primer pairs (SRc-R-SRc-F, EM-PC2consFD / EM-PC3consRD and AprFBC8). A total 5 S-RNase alleles (S2, S3, S6, S9 and S11) were determined in the 11 new Turkish cultivated apricots and a total 8 (S3, S7, S8, S9, S11, S12, S13 and SC) were determined in old Turkish apricot cultivars. A total 11 S-RNase alleles (S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, S8, S9, S11, S12, S19 and SC) were determined in foreign 42 apricot cultivars. It was determined self (in)compatibility alleles of 11 new Turkish and 38 foreign apricot cultivars first time with this study. These results can be used for plantation new orchards and breeding programs. Also, pollinator cultivars should be considered for plantation new orchards for these self-incompatible cultivars because of some Turkish and foreign apricot are mostly self-incompatible.
在果树中，配子体自交不亲和是一个主要问题，它是由一些等位基因变异控制的单位点自交受精的阻碍。在水果中，杏也表现出自交不亲和性，特别是源自中亚和伊朗-高加索的杏。以17个土耳其杏品种和42个外源杏品种为研究对象，对土耳其杏品种进行了自亲和/不亲和鉴定。采用3对引物(SRc-R-SRc-F、em - pc2confd / em - pc3conrd和AprFBC8)进行分析。在11个土耳其杏新栽培品种中共检测到5个S-RNase等位基因(S2、S3、S6、S9和S11)，在老土耳其杏品种中共检测到8个S-RNase等位基因(S3、S7、S8、S9、S11、S12、S13和SC)。在42个国外杏品种中共检测到11个S-RNase等位基因(S2、S3、S4、S6、S7、S8、S9、S11、S12、S19和SC)。本研究首次确定了11个土耳其杏新品种和38个外源杏品种的自交等位基因。这些结果可用于种植新果园和育种计划。此外，由于土耳其杏和外国杏大多自交不亲和，因此在种植新果园时应考虑选用传粉品种。
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF SELF-(IN) COMPATIBILITY USING MOLECULAR MARKERS OF SOME APRICOT CULTIVARS WHICH CULTIVATED IN TURKEY","authors":"H. Pınar, Mustafa Bircan, A. Uzun","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.008","url":null,"abstract":"In fruit trees, gametophytic self-incompatibility is one of the major problem because of preventing self-fertilization controlled by a single locus with some allelic variants. Among the fruits, apricots also show self-incompatibility especially originated from Middle-Asian and Iranian-Caucasian. In present study, it was determined self-compatible/incompatible of some apricot cultivars which cultivated in Turkey. 17 Turkish and 42 foreign apricot cultivars were used in this study. Analyses were carried out using three primer pairs (SRc-R-SRc-F, EM-PC2consFD / EM-PC3consRD and AprFBC8). A total 5 S-RNase alleles (S2, S3, S6, S9 and S11) were determined in the 11 new Turkish cultivated apricots and a total 8 (S3, S7, S8, S9, S11, S12, S13 and SC) were determined in old Turkish apricot cultivars. A total 11 S-RNase alleles (S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, S8, S9, S11, S12, S19 and SC) were determined in foreign 42 apricot cultivars. It was determined self (in)compatibility alleles of 11 new Turkish and 38 foreign apricot cultivars first time with this study. These results can be used for plantation new orchards and breeding programs. Also, pollinator cultivars should be considered for plantation new orchards for these self-incompatible cultivars because of some Turkish and foreign apricot are mostly self-incompatible.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127575739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.026
M. Rózsa, Ioan-Alexandru Apahidean, D. Măniuţiu
The Tibetan mushroom (Cordyceps militaris) has been known and used in traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties for thousands of years. This mushroom is rich in nutrients and biologically active components, such as: cordicepic acid, glutamic acid, mannitol, proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, magnesium and calcium. These substances make Tibetan Mushroom an extraordinary means of restoring health and increasing the vitality of the body. In the study, we used a solid culture substrate with 3 degrees (based on brown rice, wheat and barley) with a pH of 7 degrees (4.5-7.5). It was found that the pH of the culture substrate directly influences the production of cordycepin, so at a pH value of 5 the cordycepin content begins to increase, reaching its highest level at a pH value of 5.5 (362 mg/L), then at pH values above 6, the cordycepin concentration begins to decrease.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CULTURE SUBSTRATE pH ON CORDYCEPS MILITARIS MUSHROOM CORDYCEPIN CONTENT, GROWN ON DIFFERENT SOLID SUBSTRATES","authors":"M. Rózsa, Ioan-Alexandru Apahidean, D. Măniuţiu","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.026","url":null,"abstract":"The Tibetan mushroom (Cordyceps militaris) has been known and used in traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties for thousands of years. This mushroom is rich in nutrients and biologically active components, such as: cordicepic acid, glutamic acid, mannitol, proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, magnesium and calcium. These substances make Tibetan Mushroom an extraordinary means of restoring health and increasing the vitality of the body. In the study, we used a solid culture substrate with 3 degrees (based on brown rice, wheat and barley) with a pH of 7 degrees (4.5-7.5). It was found that the pH of the culture substrate directly influences the production of cordycepin, so at a pH value of 5 the cordycepin content begins to increase, reaching its highest level at a pH value of 5.5 (362 mg/L), then at pH values above 6, the cordycepin concentration begins to decrease.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.038
N. Ionescu, O. Badea, D. Popescu, M. Nicolae
Currently, new varieties of triticale show improved morphological characteristics, according to the requirements of practice. The new directions mainly concern the waist and the components of the ear. Recent research has shown that new varieties, which form chains with relatively lower heights, could be suitable for different levels of intensification. On the other hand, current studies on morphological characters are useful in the progress of variety improvement, characteristic of the current stage. The wide genetic dowry and growing conditions of triticale usually lead to the specific expression of plant morphology. In the autumn triticale varieties Haiduc and FDL Bolid, some new directions were found, these being recently improved. Thus, compared to the two varieties, the straw and its upper segments were shorter in Haiduc. The thickness of the straw at the base was 0.2 mm smaller at Bolid. Both the length of the spike and its weight were similar. The Haiduc variety dominated instead in the number of spikelets in a spike, 31 compared to 29 in the Bolid variety. The membranes that cover the spikelet had similar dimensions: the external glume of 9 mm, the lower palea of 12-13 mm, and at Bolid the awn was 2 cm higher. The two varieties of triticale were more obviously differentiated by the morphological characteristics of the grains. Thus, for the Bolid variety, the number of grains in an ear was higher by 10, and the weight was higher by 0.5 g. Instead, the grain length was higher in Haiduc. The dominant values of the mass of one thousand grains were in both varieties at 50 g. Specific and at the same time important correlations were obtained between the morphological characters of the varieties. Thus, the number of grains in an ear and their weight were positively correlated with all the studied characters, with higher values of the correlation coefficients obtained for the Bolid variety. Both varieties of autumn triticale have demonstrated by their morphological characteristics, a good adaptability to zonal conditions.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE NEW VARIETIES OF TRITICALE, HAIDUC AND FDL BOLID","authors":"N. Ionescu, O. Badea, D. Popescu, M. Nicolae","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.038","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, new varieties of triticale show improved morphological characteristics, according to the requirements of practice. The new directions mainly concern the waist and the components of the ear. Recent research has shown that new varieties, which form chains with relatively lower heights, could be suitable for different levels of intensification. On the other hand, current studies on morphological characters are useful in the progress of variety improvement, characteristic of the current stage. The wide genetic dowry and growing conditions of triticale usually lead to the specific expression of plant morphology. In the autumn triticale varieties Haiduc and FDL Bolid, some new directions were found, these being recently improved. Thus, compared to the two varieties, the straw and its upper segments were shorter in Haiduc. The thickness of the straw at the base was 0.2 mm smaller at Bolid. Both the length of the spike and its weight were similar. The Haiduc variety dominated instead in the number of spikelets in a spike, 31 compared to 29 in the Bolid variety. The membranes that cover the spikelet had similar dimensions: the external glume of 9 mm, the lower palea of 12-13 mm, and at Bolid the awn was 2 cm higher. The two varieties of triticale were more obviously differentiated by the morphological characteristics of the grains. Thus, for the Bolid variety, the number of grains in an ear was higher by 10, and the weight was higher by 0.5 g. Instead, the grain length was higher in Haiduc. The dominant values of the mass of one thousand grains were in both varieties at 50 g. Specific and at the same time important correlations were obtained between the morphological characters of the varieties. Thus, the number of grains in an ear and their weight were positively correlated with all the studied characters, with higher values of the correlation coefficients obtained for the Bolid variety. Both varieties of autumn triticale have demonstrated by their morphological characteristics, a good adaptability to zonal conditions.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117316052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.007
N. Çetin, Mahmut Kaplan, H. Pınar, Kevser Karaman, Beyza Çiftçi
The drying methods have been performed successfully for many years in product processing and preservation. The moisture content of the products has been reduced to desirable levels with the use of this method. In the present study, the effect of different drying methods on specific moisture extraction ratio, specific energy consumption, effective moisture diffusivity, energy, and thermal efficiency of Pinar and Bozok red pepper cultivars were determined. Red peppers were dried eight different drying methods of six drying techniques. According to findings the shortest and longest durations were recorded in freeze and microwave (600 W) drying respectively. The greatest specific energy consumption values were found in freeze drying. Both 300 W and 600 W had the highest thermal efficiency, energy efficiency, and specific moisture extraction ratio, values. Generally, the greatest effective moisture diffusivity values were determined in microwave drying, while the lowest ones were determined in natural conditions such as open-sun, shade, and greenhouse drying.
{"title":"ENERGY ASPECTS AND EFFECTIVE MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY OF RED PEPPER: CHANGE IN CULTIVARS AND DRYING METHODS","authors":"N. Çetin, Mahmut Kaplan, H. Pınar, Kevser Karaman, Beyza Çiftçi","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.007","url":null,"abstract":"The drying methods have been performed successfully for many years in product processing and preservation. The moisture content of the products has been reduced to desirable levels with the use of this method. In the present study, the effect of different drying methods on specific moisture extraction ratio, specific energy consumption, effective moisture diffusivity, energy, and thermal efficiency of Pinar and Bozok red pepper cultivars were determined. Red peppers were dried eight different drying methods of six drying techniques. According to findings the shortest and longest durations were recorded in freeze and microwave (600 W) drying respectively. The greatest specific energy consumption values were found in freeze drying. Both 300 W and 600 W had the highest thermal efficiency, energy efficiency, and specific moisture extraction ratio, values. Generally, the greatest effective moisture diffusivity values were determined in microwave drying, while the lowest ones were determined in natural conditions such as open-sun, shade, and greenhouse drying.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122989308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.013
Mahmut Kaplan, H. Kale, Hasan Ali İrik, Yusuf Murat Kardes, İhsan Serkan Varol, Beyza Çiftçi, A. Unlukara
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation levels and nitrogen doses on macro and micronutrient contents of maize grains. Experiments were conducted with 3 different irrigation levels (100, 75 and 50% of field capacity) and 3 different nitrogen doses (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Experiments were conducted in summer-growing seasons of the years 2013-2014 in split plots experimental design with 3 replications (irrigation levels on main plots and nitrogen doses on sub-plots). Grain N, P, B, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Mg contents increased and K, Ca, S, and Cu, contents decreased with increasing irrigation levels. Grain N, P, S, Cu, Fe and Mn contents increased. Grain K, Ca, and Mg contents initially increased and then decreased later on with increasing nitrogen doses. Nitrogen treatments were found to be as much effective as irrigation levels on grain mineral contents. Supportive treatments (irrigation, nitrogen) are recommended to eliminate mineral deficiencies in maize culture of the regions with water stress conditions.
本试验旨在研究不同灌水量和施氮量对玉米籽粒宏量和微量元素含量的影响。试验采用3种不同的灌溉水平(田间容量的100、75%和50%)和3种不同的施氮剂量(100、200和300 kg ha-1)。试验于2013-2014年夏生长期进行，分地块试验设计3个重复(主地块灌溉水平和次地块施氮量)。随着灌水量的增加，籽粒N、P、B、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg含量增加，K、Ca、S、Cu含量降低。籽粒N、P、S、Cu、Fe、Mn含量增加。随着施氮量的增加，籽粒K、Ca、Mg含量先升高后降低。氮肥处理对籽粒矿物质含量的影响与灌溉水平同样有效。建议采用支持处理(灌溉、施氮)来消除水分胁迫地区玉米栽培中的矿物质缺乏。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS AND NITROGEN DOSSES ON MINERAL CONTENTS OF MAIZE GRAINS","authors":"Mahmut Kaplan, H. Kale, Hasan Ali İrik, Yusuf Murat Kardes, İhsan Serkan Varol, Beyza Çiftçi, A. Unlukara","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.013","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation levels and nitrogen doses on macro and micronutrient contents of maize grains. Experiments were conducted with 3 different irrigation levels (100, 75 and 50% of field capacity) and 3 different nitrogen doses (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Experiments were conducted in summer-growing seasons of the years 2013-2014 in split plots experimental design with 3 replications (irrigation levels on main plots and nitrogen doses on sub-plots). Grain N, P, B, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Mg contents increased and K, Ca, S, and Cu, contents decreased with increasing irrigation levels. Grain N, P, S, Cu, Fe and Mn contents increased. Grain K, Ca, and Mg contents initially increased and then decreased later on with increasing nitrogen doses. Nitrogen treatments were found to be as much effective as irrigation levels on grain mineral contents. Supportive treatments (irrigation, nitrogen) are recommended to eliminate mineral deficiencies in maize culture of the regions with water stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129092357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.022
Nicoleta Răban-Motounu
Many studies tend to explore a link between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stressful life events and the social support received when facing them and other developmental challenges. While the compulsions are the most obvious aspect of this disorder, stereotypical behavior is encountered as a symptom in several other disorders and the underlying obsessions are less obvious, In the present study, we investigated the associations between obsessing, different types of compulsions and the pathological aspects of narcissism with some aspects positively associated with weel-being, like feeling of belonging and mindfulness, with its two dimensions, the here-and-now awareness and the acceptance of this experience. The data showed that on obsessing had a significant effect exclusion/rejection, awareness and the acceptance of here-and-now-experience; washing was best predicted by the feeling of being accepted/included (negative correlation); neutralizing by awareness, acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlations), and entitlement (positive correlation); checking by acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlation) and entitlement (positive correlation). Also, there were significant negative correlations between hoarding and awareness, but also between ordering and acceptance of here-and-now experience. The findings suggest different psychological explanations for the different types of compulsive behaviors, but also ways of diminishing the obsessing process and compulsions by developing the awareness capacity.
{"title":"BELONGINGNESS, OBSESSIVENESS, NARCISSISM AND MINDFULNESS","authors":"Nicoleta Răban-Motounu","doi":"10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.022","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies tend to explore a link between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stressful life events and the social support received when facing them and other developmental challenges. While the compulsions are the most obvious aspect of this disorder, stereotypical behavior is encountered as a symptom in several other disorders and the underlying obsessions are less obvious, In the present study, we investigated the associations between obsessing, different types of compulsions and the pathological aspects of narcissism with some aspects positively associated with weel-being, like feeling of belonging and mindfulness, with its two dimensions, the here-and-now awareness and the acceptance of this experience. The data showed that on obsessing had a significant effect exclusion/rejection, awareness and the acceptance of here-and-now-experience; washing was best predicted by the feeling of being accepted/included (negative correlation); neutralizing by awareness, acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlations), and entitlement (positive correlation); checking by acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlation) and entitlement (positive correlation). Also, there were significant negative correlations between hoarding and awareness, but also between ordering and acceptance of here-and-now experience. The findings suggest different psychological explanations for the different types of compulsive behaviors, but also ways of diminishing the obsessing process and compulsions by developing the awareness capacity.","PeriodicalId":254664,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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