Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572150
M. Salami, M. Abadi, Kh. Nejad Shahrokh Abadi, M. Sawan
The monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in food and water is an effective preventive measure in controlling the outbreaks of serious food-related diseases. Moreover, the accurate detection of its early stage of the bacteria can ensure the public health and safety. In this study, a target-selective aptamer-based platform is proposed as a reliable procedure for the detection of the E. coli in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) using fluorescent microscopy. The results show that the aptamer sequences, immobilized on an array of Au-micro-squares, are very high selective towards the target bacteria cells. This platform, presented for the first time, can be potentially used to detect different kinds of cells simultaneously. Also, an important cell-counting application, based on Neubauer Lam high accuracy method, is proposed and implemented and validated by experimental results.
{"title":"Aptamers-Based Gold-Micro-Array for High-Selective Detection of Bacteria Using Fluorescence Microscopy","authors":"M. Salami, M. Abadi, Kh. Nejad Shahrokh Abadi, M. Sawan","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572150","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in food and water is an effective preventive measure in controlling the outbreaks of serious food-related diseases. Moreover, the accurate detection of its early stage of the bacteria can ensure the public health and safety. In this study, a target-selective aptamer-based platform is proposed as a reliable procedure for the detection of the E. coli in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) using fluorescent microscopy. The results show that the aptamer sequences, immobilized on an array of Au-micro-squares, are very high selective towards the target bacteria cells. This platform, presented for the first time, can be potentially used to detect different kinds of cells simultaneously. Also, an important cell-counting application, based on Neubauer Lam high accuracy method, is proposed and implemented and validated by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131990148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572188
Jennifer Yeung, C. McGregor
Health effects of space mission crewmembers due to microgravity have historically been acceptable and reversible, yet the effect of longer duration missions remain largely unknown. Expected communication blocks between the spacecraft and Mission Control on Earth preventing crew members from consulting with Earth-based doctors immediately should a medical problem arise onboard presents the potential to integrate a health analytics platform for real-time physiological monitoring. This paper proposes a design for the data integration of current medical support and countermeasure equipment that collect physiological data from astronauts onboard the ISS with an existing platform to enable predictive and diagnostic analytic provisions.
{"title":"Countermeasure Data Integration within Autonomous Space Medicine: An Extension to Artemis in Space","authors":"Jennifer Yeung, C. McGregor","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572188","url":null,"abstract":"Health effects of space mission crewmembers due to microgravity have historically been acceptable and reversible, yet the effect of longer duration missions remain largely unknown. Expected communication blocks between the spacecraft and Mission Control on Earth preventing crew members from consulting with Earth-based doctors immediately should a medical problem arise onboard presents the potential to integrate a health analytics platform for real-time physiological monitoring. This paper proposes a design for the data integration of current medical support and countermeasure equipment that collect physiological data from astronauts onboard the ISS with an existing platform to enable predictive and diagnostic analytic provisions.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"5 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572216
R. Ota, Shohei Suga, Y. Hayashida
We fabricated carbon-nanotube-coated neural electrodes that can be inserted into the cerebral cortex in vivo. Using the fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging technique, we visualized spatio-temporal neural responses in the mouse cortex to microstimulation delivered through these electrodes. The experimental results showed the usability of the electrodes for inducing spatially confined neural excitations in vivo. This type of stimulation electrode is expected to have higher charge conductivity and cell membrane affinity at the electrode-tissue interface as the coating layer of the carbon nanotube becomes thicker while maintaining the geometric cross-sectional area. This might offer an advantage over the conventional metal-surface electrode.
{"title":"Neural Excitations by the Current Injected Through the Carbon Nanotube Surface of an Intracortical Electrode in Vivo","authors":"R. Ota, Shohei Suga, Y. Hayashida","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572216","url":null,"abstract":"We fabricated carbon-nanotube-coated neural electrodes that can be inserted into the cerebral cortex in vivo. Using the fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging technique, we visualized spatio-temporal neural responses in the mouse cortex to microstimulation delivered through these electrodes. The experimental results showed the usability of the electrodes for inducing spatially confined neural excitations in vivo. This type of stimulation electrode is expected to have higher charge conductivity and cell membrane affinity at the electrode-tissue interface as the coating layer of the carbon nanotube becomes thicker while maintaining the geometric cross-sectional area. This might offer an advantage over the conventional metal-surface electrode.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122475600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572153
Jan P. Vox, F. Wallhoff
One key task for motion recognition using machine learning algorithms is the preprocessing of the input data. In this work 3D-skeleton-data is used to classify 19 motion exercises. Due to different body shapes and deviations in the movements from different subjects it becomes necessary to normalize the data. This work addresses the normalization of 3D-skeletoD-data by indicating body joint angles and normalization to an independent coordinate system. The recogntion is based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and is evaluated on a dataset containing examples from 21 subjects. The recognition accuracies using different normalized feature combinations are examined. The authors conclude that joint angles are best suitable for the recognition of motion exercises.
{"title":"Preprocessing and Normalization of 3D-Skeleton-Data for Human Motion Recognition","authors":"Jan P. Vox, F. Wallhoff","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572153","url":null,"abstract":"One key task for motion recognition using machine learning algorithms is the preprocessing of the input data. In this work 3D-skeleton-data is used to classify 19 motion exercises. Due to different body shapes and deviations in the movements from different subjects it becomes necessary to normalize the data. This work addresses the normalization of 3D-skeletoD-data by indicating body joint angles and normalization to an independent coordinate system. The recogntion is based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and is evaluated on a dataset containing examples from 21 subjects. The recognition accuracies using different normalized feature combinations are examined. The authors conclude that joint angles are best suitable for the recognition of motion exercises.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116555154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572210
Nils Beckrnann, R. Viga, A. Doğangün, A. Grabmaier
The local measurement of pulse transit time in blood vessels can be implemented using photoplethysmography-based sensors. Therefore, at least two sensors must be placed such that the measured signals originate from the same artery. However, results from our previous research suggest that this kind of measurement does not always provide reliable results. We assumed that the inhomogeneous structure of the skin causes this behavior. Based on this theoretical background related experiments $(mathbf{n}=mathbf{8})$ were executed. The results suggest a signal distortion that strongly depends on the mounting position of the sensors. It can be shown that this distortion is presumably responsible for erroneous calculations of pulse transit time.
{"title":"Considering Skin Inhomogeneity in Photoplethysmography-Based Local Pulse Transit Time Measurement","authors":"Nils Beckrnann, R. Viga, A. Doğangün, A. Grabmaier","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572210","url":null,"abstract":"The local measurement of pulse transit time in blood vessels can be implemented using photoplethysmography-based sensors. Therefore, at least two sensors must be placed such that the measured signals originate from the same artery. However, results from our previous research suggest that this kind of measurement does not always provide reliable results. We assumed that the inhomogeneous structure of the skin causes this behavior. Based on this theoretical background related experiments $(mathbf{n}=mathbf{8})$ were executed. The results suggest a signal distortion that strongly depends on the mounting position of the sensors. It can be shown that this distortion is presumably responsible for erroneous calculations of pulse transit time.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132154872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572111
Keivan Keramatzadeh, A. M. Sodagar
This paper reports on the design, simulation, and test of an ultrasonic data telemetry link. A pulse-based data telemetry technique is suggested in this paper, which aims at the suppression of the residual tail of oscillations that naturally follows the response of an ultrasonic transducer to a rectangular pulse. This is made possible by the introduction of a line encoding scheme that suggests the use of an excitatory/inhibitory complex rather than a single excitatory pulse. Efficacy of the technique suggested in this paper was verified through modeling and testing a complete ultrasonic data telemetry link including the transmitting and receiving transducers, as well as the signal conditioning and data recovery blocks on the receiver side. According to the results for transducers with the resonance frequency of 1MHz and saline as the communication channel, a maximum bit rate of 350kbps was achieved.
{"title":"High-Rate Ultrasonic Link for Data Telemetry to Implantable Biomedical Microsystems Using Pulse Excitation","authors":"Keivan Keramatzadeh, A. M. Sodagar","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the design, simulation, and test of an ultrasonic data telemetry link. A pulse-based data telemetry technique is suggested in this paper, which aims at the suppression of the residual tail of oscillations that naturally follows the response of an ultrasonic transducer to a rectangular pulse. This is made possible by the introduction of a line encoding scheme that suggests the use of an excitatory/inhibitory complex rather than a single excitatory pulse. Efficacy of the technique suggested in this paper was verified through modeling and testing a complete ultrasonic data telemetry link including the transmitting and receiving transducers, as well as the signal conditioning and data recovery blocks on the receiver side. According to the results for transducers with the resonance frequency of 1MHz and saline as the communication channel, a maximum bit rate of 350kbps was achieved.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132319737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572121
Amin Rashidi, N. Yazdani, A. M. Sodagar
This paper proposes a high-efficiency charge pump circuit with small integrated capacitors, dedicated to high-density microstimulators. The proposed circuit offers improvement of about 35% in the charge pump efficiency over the conventional cross-coupled charge pumps. This is achieved through proper employment of two techniques: (a) omitting the undesired conductive paths that discharge the output capacitor, and (b) discounting the dynamic switching power losses by half. Moreover, a straightforward physical layout is proposed to prevent the latchup phenomenon. Occupying 0.5 mm2 of silicon area, circuits for a 4-stage (1 positive stage and 3 negative stages) charge pump were designed and simulated in transistor level in a standard $mathbf{0.18}-mu mathbf{m}$ CMOS technology. Designed for an implantable visual prosthesis, the charge pump generates output voltages of 3.48V, −1.69V, −3.38V, and −5.05V out of a 1.8V input voltage and exhibits average power efficiency of 92.8% and 86.8% for 1- and 3-stage circuits respectively, all in the case of a $mathbf{100} mu mathbf{A}$ current load. An output per stage with current sinking/sourcing ability allows different stimulation channels to be independently connected to different supply levels according their operational needs.
本文提出了一种用于高密度微刺激器的小型集成电容高效电荷泵电路。所提出的电路比传统的交叉耦合电荷泵的效率提高了约35%。这是通过适当采用两种技术来实现的:(a)省略输出电容放电的不希望的导电路径，以及(b)将动态开关功率损耗减半。此外，提出了一种直观的物理布局，以防止闭锁现象。采用标准的$mathbf{0.18}-mu mathbf{m}$ CMOS技术，设计了4级(1正级和3负级)电荷泵电路，并在晶体管级上进行了仿真。在$mathbf{100} mu mathbf{a}$电流负载情况下，电荷泵在1.8V输入电压下可产生3.48V、−1.69V、−3.38V和−5.05V的输出电压，在一级和三级电路中平均功率效率分别为92.8%和86.8%。具有当前下沉/注入能力的每级产量允许不同的增产通道根据作业需要独立连接到不同的供应层。
{"title":"Fully-Integrated, High-Efficiency, Multi-Output Charge Pump for High-Density Microstimulators","authors":"Amin Rashidi, N. Yazdani, A. M. Sodagar","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a high-efficiency charge pump circuit with small integrated capacitors, dedicated to high-density microstimulators. The proposed circuit offers improvement of about 35% in the charge pump efficiency over the conventional cross-coupled charge pumps. This is achieved through proper employment of two techniques: (a) omitting the undesired conductive paths that discharge the output capacitor, and (b) discounting the dynamic switching power losses by half. Moreover, a straightforward physical layout is proposed to prevent the latchup phenomenon. Occupying 0.5 mm2 of silicon area, circuits for a 4-stage (1 positive stage and 3 negative stages) charge pump were designed and simulated in transistor level in a standard $mathbf{0.18}-mu mathbf{m}$ CMOS technology. Designed for an implantable visual prosthesis, the charge pump generates output voltages of 3.48V, −1.69V, −3.38V, and −5.05V out of a 1.8V input voltage and exhibits average power efficiency of 92.8% and 86.8% for 1- and 3-stage circuits respectively, all in the case of a $mathbf{100} mu mathbf{A}$ current load. An output per stage with current sinking/sourcing ability allows different stimulation channels to be independently connected to different supply levels according their operational needs.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125097798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572142
L. Bianchi
Brain-Computer Interfaces have gained a large interest in several research fields in a relatively short time. This has led to different ways to describe and analyze systems making their comparison very difficult. Moreover, sharing data, methods and tools is difficult because standard file formats are still missing. Here some of the advantages coming from the definition of a standard model are reported together with the proposal of a roadmap aimed at achieving this goal with a minimal effort from the scientific community.
{"title":"Brain-Computer Interface Systems: Why a Standard Model is Essential on BCI Standards","authors":"L. Bianchi","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572142","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-Computer Interfaces have gained a large interest in several research fields in a relatively short time. This has led to different ways to describe and analyze systems making their comparison very difficult. Moreover, sharing data, methods and tools is difficult because standard file formats are still missing. Here some of the advantages coming from the definition of a standard model are reported together with the proposal of a roadmap aimed at achieving this goal with a minimal effort from the scientific community.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572077
S. Abdollah Mirbozorgi, Y. Jia, Maysam Ghovanloo
Paper describes a method for measuring power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) in inductive links with desired source and load impedances using Network Analyzer (NA) and Spectrum Analyzer (SA). Characteristics of an inductive link vary by the source (input) and load (output) resistors. Although measuring the PTE and PDL using NA and SA is simple, straightforward, and accurate, the measured results are valid only for the ports' impedances at $mathbf{50} Omega$. We present a method that allows using NA and SA for measurement with any desired source and load resistances that match the actual operating conditions. For this purpose, we 1) add resistors in series or in parallel with the NA ports, 2) measure PTE by NA and PDL by SA (over $mathbf{50} Omega$), and 3) calculate the actual PTE and PDL. This method provides more flexibility in design and optimization of inductive links by finding the optimal load resistor and model from measurement of the link. We have verified the functionality of the proposed method by simulating, implementing, and measuring the performance of a prototype inductive link for energizing small implants.
{"title":"Power Efficiency and Power Delivery Measurement in Inductive Links with Arbitrary Source and Load Impedance Values","authors":"S. Abdollah Mirbozorgi, Y. Jia, Maysam Ghovanloo","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572077","url":null,"abstract":"Paper describes a method for measuring power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) in inductive links with desired source and load impedances using Network Analyzer (NA) and Spectrum Analyzer (SA). Characteristics of an inductive link vary by the source (input) and load (output) resistors. Although measuring the PTE and PDL using NA and SA is simple, straightforward, and accurate, the measured results are valid only for the ports' impedances at $mathbf{50} Omega$. We present a method that allows using NA and SA for measurement with any desired source and load resistances that match the actual operating conditions. For this purpose, we 1) add resistors in series or in parallel with the NA ports, 2) measure PTE by NA and PDL by SA (over $mathbf{50} Omega$), and 3) calculate the actual PTE and PDL. This method provides more flexibility in design and optimization of inductive links by finding the optimal load resistor and model from measurement of the link. We have verified the functionality of the proposed method by simulating, implementing, and measuring the performance of a prototype inductive link for energizing small implants.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120983710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LSC.2018.8572094
L. Bianchi, R. Ferrante, Lucia Rita Ouitadamo
We investigated the possibility of realizing an analog-like control driven by SSVEPs elicited by just two LEDs flickering at different frequencies. Eight subjects participated in the study during which they had to gaze upon one among 7 locations on a 30 cm horizontal virtual line. A linear model that was able to predict the correct viewed position with a mean error of about 2cm by analyzing 4 seconds of data was built. This suggests that analog-like controls can be implemented in BCIs.
{"title":"Analog-Like Control is Possible in SSVEP Based Brain-Computer Interfaces","authors":"L. Bianchi, R. Ferrante, Lucia Rita Ouitadamo","doi":"10.1109/LSC.2018.8572094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2018.8572094","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the possibility of realizing an analog-like control driven by SSVEPs elicited by just two LEDs flickering at different frequencies. Eight subjects participated in the study during which they had to gaze upon one among 7 locations on a 30 cm horizontal virtual line. A linear model that was able to predict the correct viewed position with a mean error of about 2cm by analyzing 4 seconds of data was built. This suggests that analog-like controls can be implemented in BCIs.","PeriodicalId":254835,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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