: Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is mainly obtained from the shell of marine crustaceans including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. Chitosan has been widely used in biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and low immunogenicity. However, owing to the limited solubility of CS in water, its water-soluble derivatives are preferred for the mentioned applications. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is one of the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan, which has antibacterial, anticancer, antitumor, antifungal, antioxidant properties, and is used in both drug delivery and enzyme delivery. This material is also utilized in tissue engineering, wound healing, and bioimaging. For these reasons, in this article, a different and novel method by using KI and/or ultrasonication is proposed.
{"title":"Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Its Derivatives Using KI and/or Ultrasonication","authors":"M. Rajabi, Mohammad Dohendou, M. Dekamin","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13644","url":null,"abstract":": Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is mainly obtained from the shell of marine crustaceans including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. Chitosan has been widely used in biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and low immunogenicity. However, owing to the limited solubility of CS in water, its water-soluble derivatives are preferred for the mentioned applications. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is one of the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan, which has antibacterial, anticancer, antitumor, antifungal, antioxidant properties, and is used in both drug delivery and enzyme delivery. This material is also utilized in tissue engineering, wound healing, and bioimaging. For these reasons, in this article, a different and novel method by using KI and/or ultrasonication is proposed.","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122418515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Among the water pollution sources, heavy metals are considered the most hazardous because of their high toxicity to human health and their ability to badly damage the kidneys, brain, and nerves, as well as cause birth defects. Based on the promising features of metal-organic frameworks ( MOFs), they could act as a favorable candidate in heavy metal removal applications. A calcium-based metal-organic framework was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate as a linker. After characterization of the MOF was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses, it was applied to efficient adsorption of Pb(II) pollutant ions. The potential of obtained MOF, [Ca(H 2 btec) · H 2 O] n , H 2 btec: benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid was investigated by adsorbing Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution, separating the adsorbent using centrifugation, and finally measuring the residual Pb(II) ions using the ICP-AES method.
{"title":"Pb(II) Adsorption by a Calcium Metal-Organic Framework","authors":"Mina Aghaee, F. Manteghi","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13723","url":null,"abstract":": Among the water pollution sources, heavy metals are considered the most hazardous because of their high toxicity to human health and their ability to badly damage the kidneys, brain, and nerves, as well as cause birth defects. Based on the promising features of metal-organic frameworks ( MOFs), they could act as a favorable candidate in heavy metal removal applications. A calcium-based metal-organic framework was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate as a linker. After characterization of the MOF was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses, it was applied to efficient adsorption of Pb(II) pollutant ions. The potential of obtained MOF, [Ca(H 2 btec) · H 2 O] n , H 2 btec: benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid was investigated by adsorbing Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution, separating the adsorbent using centrifugation, and finally measuring the residual Pb(II) ions using the ICP-AES method.","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124765448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Aghaee, Mahnaz Abbaszadeh Alishahi, F. Manteghi
: The increasing tolerance and resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is a global health issue, and there is a need to use effective and new substances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly functional materials with antimicrobial properties that come from their composition, structure, and high internal volume, which could be a source for antimicrobial guest molecules integrated into the pores. In addition, MOFs can contain more than one type of metal ion in the same structure. In this work, a metal–organic framework, [Ba(H 2 btec) · H 2 O] n , was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (H4btec) and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 . Characterization of the MOF was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) alyses. The metal–organic framework was used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Keleb peneumonia , Staph coccus aureus , Staph sapropphyticus , and Esherichia coli .
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Ba-MOF","authors":"Mina Aghaee, Mahnaz Abbaszadeh Alishahi, F. Manteghi","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13725","url":null,"abstract":": The increasing tolerance and resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is a global health issue, and there is a need to use effective and new substances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly functional materials with antimicrobial properties that come from their composition, structure, and high internal volume, which could be a source for antimicrobial guest molecules integrated into the pores. In addition, MOFs can contain more than one type of metal ion in the same structure. In this work, a metal–organic framework, [Ba(H 2 btec) · H 2 O] n , was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (H4btec) and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 . Characterization of the MOF was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) alyses. The metal–organic framework was used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Keleb peneumonia , Staph coccus aureus , Staph sapropphyticus , and Esherichia coli .","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Patil, Devyani Patil, Hamid Sayyed, M. Patil, R. Mali
: A phenolic compound in Foeniculum vulgare can improve human health. Foeniculum vulgar contains flavonoids, glycosides, and other constituents that are used for medicinal ailments. Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole essential oils are the main ingredients in F. vulgare seeds. The principle component of fennel oil, anethole, has structural similarity with the synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol, making it an active estrogenic agent. Women with PCOS may exhibit obesity, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, infertility, or androgenic features, which are characterized by the absence of ovulation and hyperandrogenism. Oligomenorrhea is a kind of irregular menstruation period. Treatment of oligomenorrhea depends on the causes; the main cause of oligomenorrhea is the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), with 75–85%experiencing infrequent periods. This mini-review focuses on F. vulgare seeds as an advantageous addition to treat PCOS. Women with PCOS also have a lower level of the hormone progesterone due to the absence or reduction in ovulation. Numerous phytoestrogens can be found in F.vulgare seeds; with less insulin resistance and lower blood sugar level, fennel phytoestrogen content is beneficial. It is also thought to aid in reducing the cellularim balance that causes PCOS’s metabolic abnormalities.
{"title":"Medicinal Traits of the Phenolic Compound from Foeniculum vulgare for Oligomenorrhea","authors":"J. Patil, Devyani Patil, Hamid Sayyed, M. Patil, R. Mali","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13724","url":null,"abstract":": A phenolic compound in Foeniculum vulgare can improve human health. Foeniculum vulgar contains flavonoids, glycosides, and other constituents that are used for medicinal ailments. Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole essential oils are the main ingredients in F. vulgare seeds. The principle component of fennel oil, anethole, has structural similarity with the synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol, making it an active estrogenic agent. Women with PCOS may exhibit obesity, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, infertility, or androgenic features, which are characterized by the absence of ovulation and hyperandrogenism. Oligomenorrhea is a kind of irregular menstruation period. Treatment of oligomenorrhea depends on the causes; the main cause of oligomenorrhea is the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), with 75–85%experiencing infrequent periods. This mini-review focuses on F. vulgare seeds as an advantageous addition to treat PCOS. Women with PCOS also have a lower level of the hormone progesterone due to the absence or reduction in ovulation. Numerous phytoestrogens can be found in F.vulgare seeds; with less insulin resistance and lower blood sugar level, fennel phytoestrogen content is beneficial. It is also thought to aid in reducing the cellularim balance that causes PCOS’s metabolic abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132008308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pozniak, Anna Stoliarchuk, Y. Faletrov, V. Shkumatov
{"title":"In Silico Modeling of the Interaction of NBD Steroids with Insect Steroid-Binding Protein SPC-2","authors":"H. Pozniak, Anna Stoliarchuk, Y. Faletrov, V. Shkumatov","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117097718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. V. Grekhneva, Ekaterina S. Barteneva, Kirill S. Efanov
{"title":"Peculiarities of Obtaining and Modeling the Structure of Nimesulide Clathrate Complexes with β- and γ-Cyclodextrins","authors":"E. V. Grekhneva, Ekaterina S. Barteneva, Kirill S. Efanov","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123451525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Trends in the Synthesis of Practically Important Five-Membered Boracarbocycles by Transmetalation of Aluminacarbocycles with Boron Halides","authors":"L. I. Tulyabaeva, U. Dzhemilev, T. V. Tyumkina","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131239573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Maria Duran Gleriani Primo, C. Roque-Borda, E. Vicente, P. A. Barbugli, F. Pavan
: The infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has several defense and resistance mechanisms that must be eliminated. The treatment is prolonged, which in many cases generates susceptibility to microbial resistance. This research aimed to study whether the antimicrobial peptide Ctx(Ile 21 )-Ha-Ahx-Cys (Ctx-SH) functionalized in nanochitosan matrices could eliminate resistant MTB. For this, a nanosystem was developed with chitosan matrices previously modified with N-acetylcysteine functionalized to Ctx-SH. Modified chitosan nanoparticles (NPQ) were obtained by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate and loaded with rifampicin. Both chitosan and NPQ modifications were analyzed for physicochemical parameters by Fourier/Raman transform infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential. Antimicrobial activity was performed in a level 3 biosafety laboratory with strains H37Rv (standard) and CF169 (extensively drug-resistant, XDR) incubated in 7H9 broth supplemented with oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase at 37 ◦ C and 5% CO 2 and read using fluorescence with 0.01% resazurin after 7 days. Insertion and mapping of NPQ into macrophages were assessed using a confocal microscope after 24 h with NPQ conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. Preliminary results show that the spectroscopies corroborate the hypothesis of the functionalization of the Ctx-SH peptide to the chitosan-N -acetylcysteine system because, when comparing the three spectroscopies, a gradual increase in the intensity of several bands and the formation of captive disulfide are observed, and the Zeta potential (+30 mV) confirmed high application stability. Bacterial inhibition studies revealed that rifampicin-loaded antimicrobial peptide-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles have better activity than rifampicin alone against CF169, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.977 µ g/mL, similar to the standard strain. In addition, it was shown that NPQ would be able to enter the macrophage without causing toxicity and thus take better advantage of the activity of rifampicin. Finally, it is possible to verify that the nanobioconjugation of the Ctx-SH-N -acetylcysteine-chitosan compound is capable of enhancing the activity of obsolete drugs and/or sensitizing XDR bacteria.
{"title":"Can the Antimicrobial Peptide Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-Ahx-Cys Grafted onto Nanochitosan Sensitize Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis?","authors":"Laura Maria Duran Gleriani Primo, C. Roque-Borda, E. Vicente, P. A. Barbugli, F. Pavan","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13700","url":null,"abstract":": The infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has several defense and resistance mechanisms that must be eliminated. The treatment is prolonged, which in many cases generates susceptibility to microbial resistance. This research aimed to study whether the antimicrobial peptide Ctx(Ile 21 )-Ha-Ahx-Cys (Ctx-SH) functionalized in nanochitosan matrices could eliminate resistant MTB. For this, a nanosystem was developed with chitosan matrices previously modified with N-acetylcysteine functionalized to Ctx-SH. Modified chitosan nanoparticles (NPQ) were obtained by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate and loaded with rifampicin. Both chitosan and NPQ modifications were analyzed for physicochemical parameters by Fourier/Raman transform infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential. Antimicrobial activity was performed in a level 3 biosafety laboratory with strains H37Rv (standard) and CF169 (extensively drug-resistant, XDR) incubated in 7H9 broth supplemented with oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase at 37 ◦ C and 5% CO 2 and read using fluorescence with 0.01% resazurin after 7 days. Insertion and mapping of NPQ into macrophages were assessed using a confocal microscope after 24 h with NPQ conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. Preliminary results show that the spectroscopies corroborate the hypothesis of the functionalization of the Ctx-SH peptide to the chitosan-N -acetylcysteine system because, when comparing the three spectroscopies, a gradual increase in the intensity of several bands and the formation of captive disulfide are observed, and the Zeta potential (+30 mV) confirmed high application stability. Bacterial inhibition studies revealed that rifampicin-loaded antimicrobial peptide-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles have better activity than rifampicin alone against CF169, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.977 µ g/mL, similar to the standard strain. In addition, it was shown that NPQ would be able to enter the macrophage without causing toxicity and thus take better advantage of the activity of rifampicin. Finally, it is possible to verify that the nanobioconjugation of the Ctx-SH-N -acetylcysteine-chitosan compound is capable of enhancing the activity of obsolete drugs and/or sensitizing XDR bacteria.","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114611960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The reductive cyclization of different organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, is a very efficient and clean strategy for the synthesis of many N -heterocycles. However, it requires the use of autoclaves and pressurized CO lines. In this paper, the authors will present the results obtained in their laboratories on the use of phenyl formate as a convenient CO surrogate, able to liberate carbon monoxide under reaction conditions and allowing for the use of a cheap glass pressure tube as a reaction vessel. In most cases, yields were better than those previously reported using pressurized CO, proving that the use of CO surrogates can be a viable alternative to the gaseous reagent.
{"title":"Use of Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate for the Reductive Cyclization of Organic Nitro Compounds to Yield Different N-Heterocycles: Avoiding the Use of Autoclaves and Pressurized Gases","authors":"F. Ragaini, F. Ferretti, Manar Ahmed Fouad","doi":"10.3390/ecsoc-26-13711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13711","url":null,"abstract":": The reductive cyclization of different organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, is a very efficient and clean strategy for the synthesis of many N -heterocycles. However, it requires the use of autoclaves and pressurized CO lines. In this paper, the authors will present the results obtained in their laboratories on the use of phenyl formate as a convenient CO surrogate, able to liberate carbon monoxide under reaction conditions and allowing for the use of a cheap glass pressure tube as a reaction vessel. In most cases, yields were better than those previously reported using pressurized CO, proving that the use of CO surrogates can be a viable alternative to the gaseous reagent.","PeriodicalId":255032,"journal":{"name":"The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132837365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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